fix(codex): end an interrupted turn's shell commands (#7525)

`turn/interrupt` ends a Codex turn and leaves the shell commands it started running: a
command the user just stopped runs on to its own end, alongside the next turn.

Once Codex accepts the interrupt, the provider now ends each command the interrupted turn
started that has not exited, by process id, with `thread/backgroundTerminals/terminate`,
and a turn Paseo starts waits for those calls before its `turn/start`.

- Attribution: `thread/backgroundTerminals/list` carries no turn, so the provider records
  each root-thread `commandExecution` process id under the turn of its `item/started`. A
  `completed` item drops its id; a `failed` one keeps it, because Codex reports an
  interrupted turn's still-running command as failed. A turn that ends any way but
  `interrupted` forgets its ids, so what an earlier turn left running on purpose is never
  ended. At most 16 turns are remembered.
- A late command: the turn keeps its accepted interrupt, so a command whose `item/started`
  arrives after Codex accepted the interrupt (one queued behind an earlier notification's
  conversion, for instance) is ended as soon as it is seen. Each process is terminated
  once, and a turn start waits for every pending sweep.
- It never sends `thread/backgroundTerminals/clean`, which ends every terminal on the
  thread. It ends nothing after an already-idle interrupt, nothing on a subagent's thread,
  and nothing after an interrupt of a turn Codex never identified.
- Bounds: each terminate times out after 2 s; a failure is logged
  (`provider.codex.interrupt.terminal_terminate_failed`) and fails nothing. `startTurn`
  waits at most the interrupt's bound plus one terminate's plus 500 ms.

Tests (codex-interrupted-turn-terminals.test.ts) drive a real CodexAppServerAgentSession
against the scripted app-server in codex/test-utils/fake-app-server.ts: exactly the
interrupted turn's processes are terminated, by id, and `clean` is never sent; a turn
Codex starts before acknowledging the interrupt keeps its commands; the next `turn/start`
waits for the terminates; a command announced after the interrupt was accepted is
terminated once and the next turn waits for both sweeps, whichever answers first; a
completed command is forgotten and a failed one kept; only the latest sixteen accepted
interrupts are kept; a failing or unanswered terminate does not block the next turn. The
harness waits for the interrupted turn's `turn_canceled` before it starts the next turn,
as a caller does: notifications are handled asynchronously, so the interrupt's answer can
arrive before the turn has ended.

Fixes #7522


Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01Ay568T2kmtotoh23Dtzi5K

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

packages/server/src/server/agent/providers/claude/agent.error-result.test.ts

@@ -1,190 +0,0 @@
-import { expect, test } from "vitest";
-import { createTestLogger } from "../../../../test-utils/test-logger.js";
-import { collectSessionTurnEvents } from "../test-utils/session-stream-adapter.js";
-import { ClaudeAgentClient } from "./agent.js";
-import type { ClaudeQueryFactory } from "./query.js";
-
-const LIMIT = "You've hit your session limit · resets 5:20pm (Asia/Singapore)";
-
-interface ScriptedTurn {
-  // An API error reply as Claude Code writes it: a synthetic assistant message with `error`.
-  errorReply?: string;
-  // Assistant text the model wrote before or after it.
-  before?: string;
-  after?: string;
-  isError: boolean;
-  usage?: {
-    inputTokens: number;
-    cachedInputTokens: number;
-    outputTokens: number;
-    totalCostUsd: number;
-  };
-}
-
-// A query dependency that speaks Claude Code's stream interface, one scripted turn per prompt.
-function scriptedQuery(turns: ScriptedTurn[]): ClaudeQueryFactory {
-  return ({ prompt }) => {
-    let index = 0;
-    const assistant = (id: string, text: string, error?: string) => ({
-      type: "assistant",
-      session_id: "error-session",
-      parent_tool_use_id: null,
-      uuid: id,
-      message: {
-        id,
-        role: "assistant",
-        model: error ? "<synthetic>" : "claude-opus-5-5",
-        content: [{ type: "text", text }],
-        stop_reason: "stop_sequence",
-        usage: { input_tokens: 0, output_tokens: 0 },
-      },
-      ...(error ? { error } : {}),
-    });
-    const messages = (async function* () {
-      if (typeof prompt === "string") throw new Error("Expected streaming input");
-      for await (const _message of prompt) {
-        const turn = turns[index];
-        index += 1;
-        yield {
-          type: "system",
-          subtype: "init",
-          session_id: "error-session",
-          permissionMode: "default",
-          model: "claude-opus-5-5",
-        };
-        if (turn.before) yield assistant(`before-${index}`, turn.before);
-        if (turn.errorReply) yield assistant(`error-${index}`, turn.errorReply, "rate_limit");
-        if (turn.after) yield assistant(`after-${index}`, turn.after);
-        yield {
-          type: "result",
-          subtype: "success",
-          session_id: "error-session",
-          duration_ms: 1,
-          duration_api_ms: 0,
-          is_error: turn.isError,
-          num_turns: 1,
-          result: turn.isError ? (turn.errorReply ?? "") : (turn.after ?? turn.errorReply ?? ""),
-          stop_reason: "stop_sequence",
-          total_cost_usd: turn.usage?.totalCostUsd ?? 0,
-          usage: {
-            input_tokens: turn.usage?.inputTokens ?? 0,
-            output_tokens: turn.usage?.outputTokens ?? 0,
-            cache_read_input_tokens: turn.usage?.cachedInputTokens ?? 0,
-          },
-          modelUsage: {},
-          permission_denials: [],
-          uuid: `result-${index}`,
-        };
-      }
-    })();
-    return Object.assign(messages, {
-      close: () => {
-        void messages.return();
-      },
-      interrupt: async () => undefined,
-      setModel: async () => undefined,
-      setPermissionMode: async () => undefined,
-      supportedModels: async () => [],
-      supportedCommands: async () => [],
-    }) as ReturnType<ClaudeQueryFactory>;
-  };
-}
-
-async function runTurns(turns: ScriptedTurn[]) {
-  const client = new ClaudeAgentClient({
-    logger: createTestLogger(),
-    queryFactory: scriptedQuery(turns),
-    resolveBinary: async () => process.execPath,
-  });
-  const session = await client.createSession({
-    provider: "claude",
-    cwd: process.cwd(),
-  });
-  try {
-    const results = [];
-    for (const [index] of turns.entries()) {
-      results.push(await collectSessionTurnEvents(session, `turn ${index + 1}`));
-    }
-    return results;
-  } finally {
-    await session.close();
-  }
-}
-
-function assistantTexts(events: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof runTurns>>[number]): string[] {
-  return events.flatMap((event) =>
-    event.type === "timeline" && event.item.type === "assistant_message" ? [event.item.text] : [],
-  );
-}
-
-function terminal(events: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof runTurns>>[number]) {
-  return events.find(
-    (event) =>
-      event.type === "turn_completed" ||
-      event.type === "turn_failed" ||
-      event.type === "turn_canceled",
-  );
-}
-
-test("a turn Claude Code ends on an API error fails with the error, shown once", async () => {
-  const [limited, overloaded, next] = await runTurns([
-    { errorReply: LIMIT, isError: true },
-    {
-      before: "Checking the deploy doc.",
-      errorReply: "API Error: 529 Overloaded",
-      isError: true,
-    },
-    { after: "Done.", isError: false },
-  ]);
-
-  expect(terminal(limited)).toMatchObject({
-    type: "turn_failed",
-    error: LIMIT,
-  });
-  expect(assistantTexts(limited)).toEqual([]);
-
-  expect(terminal(overloaded)).toMatchObject({
-    type: "turn_failed",
-    error: "API Error: 529 Overloaded",
-  });
-  expect(assistantTexts(overloaded)).toEqual(["Checking the deploy doc."]);
-
-  // The session keeps working after a failed turn.
-  expect(terminal(next)).toMatchObject({ type: "turn_completed" });
-  expect(assistantTexts(next)).toEqual(["Done."]);
-});
-
-test("a failed turn retains its final token counts and cost", async () => {
-  const usage = {
-    inputTokens: 120,
-    cachedInputTokens: 80,
-    outputTokens: 30,
-    totalCostUsd: 0.012,
-  };
-  const [failed] = await runTurns([
-    { before: "Checking the deploy doc.", errorReply: LIMIT, isError: true, usage },
-  ]);
-
-  expect(failed).toContainEqual(
-    expect.objectContaining({ type: "usage_updated", usage: expect.objectContaining(usage) }),
-  );
-  expect(terminal(failed)).toMatchObject({ type: "turn_failed", error: LIMIT });
-  expect(assistantTexts(failed)).toEqual(["Checking the deploy doc."]);
-});
-
-test("an error reply the turn moves past is still shown", async () => {
-  const [recovered, completed] = await runTurns([
-    {
-      errorReply: "API Error: 529 Overloaded",
-      after: "Recovered.",
-      isError: false,
-    },
-    { errorReply: LIMIT, isError: false },
-  ]);
-
-  expect(terminal(recovered)).toMatchObject({ type: "turn_completed" });
-  expect(assistantTexts(recovered)).toEqual(["API Error: 529 Overloaded", "Recovered."]);
-
-  expect(terminal(completed)).toMatchObject({ type: "turn_completed" });
-  expect(assistantTexts(completed)).toEqual([LIMIT]);
-});

packages/server/src/server/agent/providers/claude/agent.runtime-info.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import pino from "pino";
+import { describe, expect, test } from "vitest";
+
+import { ClaudeAgentClient } from "./agent.js";
+
+describe("Claude runtime info before a turn", () => {
+  const client = new ClaudeAgentClient({ logger: pino({ level: "silent" }) });
+
+  test("reports the explicitly configured model before the first turn", async () => {
+    const session = await client.createSession({
+      provider: "claude",
+      cwd: process.cwd(),
+      model: "claude-haiku-5-5",
+    });
+    try {
+      expect(await session.getRuntimeInfo()).toMatchObject({ model: "claude-haiku-5-5" });
+    } finally {
+      await session.close();
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("reports the persisted configured model after rebuilding an idle session", async () => {
+    const session = await client.resumeSession({
+      provider: "claude",
+      sessionId: "runtime-model-before-turn",
+      metadata: { cwd: process.cwd(), model: "claude-haiku-5-5" },
+    });
+    try {
+      expect(await session.getRuntimeInfo()).toMatchObject({
+        sessionId: "runtime-model-before-turn",
+        model: "claude-haiku-5-5",
+      });
+      expect((await session.getRuntimeInfo()).model).toBe("claude-haiku-5-5");
+      expect((await session.getRuntimeInfo()).extra?.runtimeModel).toBeUndefined();
+    } finally {
+      await session.close();
+    }
+  });
+
+  test("leaves the model unknown when Claude will choose its default", async () => {
+    const session = await client.createSession({ provider: "claude", cwd: process.cwd() });
+    try {
+      expect((await session.getRuntimeInfo()).model).toBeNull();
+    } finally {
+      await session.close();
+    }
+  });
+});

packages/server/src/server/agent/providers/claude/agent.ts

@@ -2389,12 +2389,6 @@ class ClaudeAgentSession implements AgentSession {
   private mainTurnInFlight = false;
   private foregroundHasVisibleActivity = false;
   private activeTurnHasAssistantText = false;
-  /**
-   * The reply Claude Code writes when a turn stops on an API error ("You've hit your session
-   * limit", "API Error: 529 ..."), held back until the result says whether the turn failed: a
-   * failed turn shows the same text as its error, so showing both would repeat it.
-   */
-  private withheldErrorReply: AgentTimelineItem[] = [];
   private readonly contextUsage: ClaudeContextUsageState;
   private userMessageIds: string[] = [];
   private readonly emittedUserMessageIds = new Set<string>();
@@ -2466,7 +2460,7 @@ class ClaudeAgentSession implements AgentSession {
     const info: AgentRuntimeInfo = {
       provider: "claude",
       sessionId: this.claudeSessionId,
-      model: this.lastOptionsModel,
+      model: this.lastOptionsModel ?? this.config.model ?? null,
       modeId: this.currentMode ?? null,
       ...(this.lastRuntimeModel
         ? {
@@ -2537,7 +2531,6 @@ class ClaudeAgentSession implements AgentSession {
     this.activeForegroundTurnId = turnId;
     this.foregroundHasVisibleActivity = false;
     this.activeTurnHasAssistantText = false;
-    this.withheldErrorReply = [];
     this.contextUsage.beginTurn();
     this.transitionTurnState("foreground", "foreground turn started");
     this.clearRecentStderr();
@@ -4426,21 +4419,6 @@ class ClaudeAgentSession implements AgentSession {
               }) satisfies AgentStreamEvent,
           );
 
-    if (!readClaudeParentToolUseId(message)) {
-      if (message.type === "assistant" && message.error) {
-        this.withheldErrorReply.push(...assistantTimelineEvents.map((event) => event.item));
-        return messageEvents;
-      }
-      if (
-        message.type === "assistant" ||
-        message.type === "user" ||
-        message.type === "stream_event"
-      ) {
-        const released: AgentStreamEvent[] = [];
-        this.releaseWithheldErrorReply(released);
-        return [...released, ...messageEvents, ...assistantTimelineEvents];
-      }
-    }
     return [...messageEvents, ...assistantTimelineEvents];
   }
 
@@ -4988,23 +4966,6 @@ class ClaudeAgentSession implements AgentSession {
     events: AgentStreamEvent[],
   ): void {
     const usage = this.convertUsage(message);
-    // Claude Code reports a turn that stopped on an API error (a usage limit, an overloaded or
-    // rejected request) as `success` with `is_error`, carrying the error text in `result`.
-    if (message.subtype === "success" && message.is_error) {
-      const withheld = this.withheldErrorReply;
-      this.withheldErrorReply = [];
-      const resultText = typeof message.result === "string" ? message.result.trim() : "";
-      const withheldText = withheld
-        .map((item) => (item.type === "assistant_message" ? item.text : ""))
-        .join("\n")
-        .trim();
-      if (usage) events.push({ type: "usage_updated", provider: "claude", usage });
-      events.push(...this.sidechainTracker.finishAll("failed"));
-      events.push(this.buildTurnFailedEvent(resultText || withheldText || "Claude run failed"));
-      return;
-    }
-    const releasedErrorReply = this.withheldErrorReply.length > 0;
-    this.releaseWithheldErrorReply(events);
     if (message.subtype === "success") {
       events.push(...this.sidechainTracker.finishAll("completed"));
       // Built-in slash commands (e.g. /voice, /usage, "Unknown command: …")
@@ -5014,12 +4975,7 @@ class ClaudeAgentSession implements AgentSession {
       // accounting from provider gateways does not duplicate streamed output.
       const resultText = typeof message.result === "string" ? message.result.trim() : "";
       const outputTokens = message.usage?.output_tokens;
-      if (
-        resultText.length > 0 &&
-        outputTokens === 0 &&
-        !this.activeTurnHasAssistantText &&
-        !releasedErrorReply
-      ) {
+      if (resultText.length > 0 && outputTokens === 0 && !this.activeTurnHasAssistantText) {
         events.push({
           type: "timeline",
           provider: "claude",
@@ -5041,14 +4997,6 @@ class ClaudeAgentSession implements AgentSession {
     events.push(this.buildTurnFailedEvent(errorMessage));
   }
 
-  private releaseWithheldErrorReply(events: AgentStreamEvent[]): void {
-    if (this.withheldErrorReply.length === 0) return;
-    for (const item of this.withheldErrorReply) {
-      events.push({ type: "timeline", item, provider: "claude" });
-    }
-    this.withheldErrorReply = [];
-  }
-
   private createClaudeSessionChangedNotice(
     oldSessionId: string,
     newSessionId: string,

packages/server/src/server/agent/providers/codex-app-server-agent.ts

@@ -150,6 +150,15 @@ function isCodexAlreadyUnarchivedError(error: unknown, threadId: string): boolea
 
 const TURN_START_TIMEOUT_MS = 90 * 1000;
 const INTERRUPT_TIMEOUT_MS = 2_000;
+// `turn/interrupt` ends a turn but leaves the shell commands it started running.
+// Each terminate is bounded by the first constant. A turn start waits for the
+// interrupted turn's commands to end, at most the interrupt's own bound plus one
+// terminate's and a margin, so it gives up only when a request outlives its timeout.
+const INTERRUPTED_TURN_TERMINATE_TIMEOUT_MS = 2_000;
+const INTERRUPTED_TURN_CLEANUP_WAIT_MS =
+  INTERRUPT_TIMEOUT_MS + INTERRUPTED_TURN_TERMINATE_TIMEOUT_MS + 500;
+// Turns whose commands are remembered; older turns are forgotten first.
+const INTERRUPTED_TURN_TRACKED_TURNS = 16;
 const CODEX_PROVIDER = "codex" as const;
 // These native provider identities belong to Codex, not to an older custom
 // Paseo provider. Never include them in a custom provider's legacy import scan.
@@ -3476,6 +3485,14 @@ export class CodexAppServerAgentSession implements AgentSession {
   private pendingFileChangeOutputDeltas = new Map<string, string[]>();
   private pendingAssistantMessageBoundary = false;
   private terminalCommandByProcessId = new Map<string, string>();
+  // The root thread's still-running command process ids, keyed by the native turn that
+  // started them. Codex's `thread/backgroundTerminals/list` carries no turn, so
+  // `item/started` is the only record of which turn owns a process.
+  private terminalProcessIdsByTurnId = new Map<
+    string,
+    { processIds: Set<string>; terminatedProcessIds: Set<string>; interruptAccepted: boolean }
+  >();
+  private interruptedTurnCleanup: Promise<void> | null = null;
   private pendingUnlabeledTerminalInteractions = new Map<
     string,
     Array<{ callId: string; stdin: string | null }>
@@ -4431,6 +4448,9 @@ export class CodexAppServerAgentSession implements AgentSession {
         hasDeveloperInstructions: turnStart.hasDeveloperInstructions,
         hasCodexConfig: turnStart.hasCodexConfig,
       });
+      // The interrupted turn's commands end before this turn begins, so none of them
+      // outlives it into the new turn.
+      await this.waitForInterruptedTurnCleanup();
       if (pendingStart.cancelRequested) {
         throw new Error("Codex turn start was interrupted before reaching Codex");
       }
@@ -5036,15 +5056,27 @@ export class CodexAppServerAgentSession implements AgentSession {
     if (!turnId || (foregroundTurnId && this.activeForegroundTurnId !== foregroundTurnId)) {
       throw new Error("Cannot interrupt Codex before turn/started identifies the active turn");
     }
+    const client = this.client;
+    const threadId = this.currentThreadId;
+    const interruptRequest = client.request(
+      "turn/interrupt",
+      {
+        threadId,
+        turnId,
+      },
+      INTERRUPT_TIMEOUT_MS,
+    );
+    // Once Codex accepts the interrupt, end the commands this turn started. Registered
+    // before the await, so a turn start racing this interrupt waits for it. An already-idle
+    // turn was not interrupted, and what it left running stays.
+    this.trackInterruptedTurnCleanup(
+      interruptRequest.then(
+        () => this.endInterruptedTurnProcesses(client, threadId, turnId),
+        () => undefined,
+      ),
+    );
     try {
-      await this.client.request(
-        "turn/interrupt",
-        {
-          threadId: this.currentThreadId,
-          turnId,
-        },
-        INTERRUPT_TIMEOUT_MS,
-      );
+      await interruptRequest;
     } catch (error) {
       if (!isCodexAlreadyIdleInterrupt(error)) {
         throw error;
@@ -5085,6 +5117,137 @@ export class CodexAppServerAgentSession implements AgentSession {
     return !this.client.hasPendingRequests();
   }
 
+  // Remember which turn started a command, so an interrupt ends that turn's commands and
+  // no other turn's. Only the root thread's: a subagent's commands live on its own thread.
+  // A command that starts after its turn's interrupt was accepted is ended as soon as it
+  // is seen.
+  private recordTurnTerminalProcess(
+    parsed: Extract<ParsedCodexNotification, { kind: "item_started" | "item_completed" }>,
+  ): void {
+    const processId = parsed.item.processId;
+    if (
+      parsed.source !== "item" ||
+      !parsed.turnId ||
+      !parsed.threadId ||
+      parsed.threadId !== this.currentThreadId ||
+      typeof processId !== "string" ||
+      !processId ||
+      normalizeCodexThreadItemType(
+        typeof parsed.item.type === "string" ? parsed.item.type : undefined,
+      ) !== "commandExecution"
+    ) {
+      return;
+    }
+    const record = this.terminalProcessIdsByTurnId.get(parsed.turnId);
+    if (parsed.kind === "item_completed") {
+      // Only a completed command has exited. A failed one can still be running:
+      // Codex reports an interrupted turn's live command as failed.
+      if (parsed.item.status === "completed") record?.processIds.delete(processId);
+      return;
+    }
+    const current = record ?? this.getTurnTerminalRecord(parsed.turnId);
+    current.processIds.add(processId);
+    if (current.interruptAccepted && this.client) {
+      this.trackInterruptedTurnCleanup(
+        this.endInterruptedTurnProcesses(this.client, parsed.threadId, parsed.turnId),
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  // An accepted interrupt needs a record even before any of its turn's commands is seen:
+  // an `item/started` can still be queued behind an earlier notification's conversion.
+  private getTurnTerminalRecord(turnId: string) {
+    const existing = this.terminalProcessIdsByTurnId.get(turnId);
+    if (existing) return existing;
+    const record = {
+      processIds: new Set<string>(),
+      terminatedProcessIds: new Set<string>(),
+      interruptAccepted: false,
+    };
+    this.terminalProcessIdsByTurnId.set(turnId, record);
+    for (const oldestTurnId of this.terminalProcessIdsByTurnId.keys()) {
+      if (this.terminalProcessIdsByTurnId.size <= INTERRUPTED_TURN_TRACKED_TURNS) break;
+      this.terminalProcessIdsByTurnId.delete(oldestTurnId);
+    }
+    return record;
+  }
+
+  // A later sweep joins the pending one, so a turn start waits for both.
+  private trackInterruptedTurnCleanup(cleanup: Promise<void>): void {
+    const tracked = Promise.all([this.interruptedTurnCleanup, cleanup])
+      .then(() => undefined)
+      .finally(() => {
+        if (this.interruptedTurnCleanup === tracked) this.interruptedTurnCleanup = null;
+      });
+    this.interruptedTurnCleanup = tracked;
+  }
+
+  // Terminate each process the interrupted turn started, by its own id, once each.
+  // `thread/backgroundTerminals/clean` is never used: it ends every terminal on the thread,
+  // an earlier turn's included. A process already gone answers `terminated: false`. Never
+  // rejects; failures are logged.
+  private async endInterruptedTurnProcesses(
+    client: CodexAppServerClient,
+    threadId: string | null,
+    turnId: string,
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    if (!threadId) return;
+    const record = this.getTurnTerminalRecord(turnId);
+    record.interruptAccepted = true;
+    const processIds = [...record.processIds].filter(
+      (processId) => !record.terminatedProcessIds.has(processId),
+    );
+    for (const processId of processIds) record.terminatedProcessIds.add(processId);
+    const logContext = { agentId: this.agentId, provider: CODEX_PROVIDER, threadId, turnId };
+    await Promise.all(
+      processIds.map(async (processId) => {
+        try {
+          const response = await client.request(
+            "thread/backgroundTerminals/terminate",
+            { threadId, processId },
+            INTERRUPTED_TURN_TERMINATE_TIMEOUT_MS,
+          );
+          this.logger.info(
+            { ...logContext, processId, terminated: toObjectRecord(response)?.terminated ?? null },
+            "provider.codex.interrupt.terminal_terminated",
+          );
+        } catch (error) {
+          this.logger.warn(
+            { ...logContext, processId, err: error },
+            "provider.codex.interrupt.terminal_terminate_failed",
+          );
+        }
+      }),
+    );
+  }
+
+  // A new turn starts only after every pending sweep of interrupted turns' commands has
+  // ended, or after the bound, whichever is first.
+  private async waitForInterruptedTurnCleanup(): Promise<void> {
+    if (!this.interruptedTurnCleanup) return;
+    let timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined;
+    const timedOut = await Promise.race([
+      (async () => {
+        while (this.interruptedTurnCleanup) await this.interruptedTurnCleanup;
+        return false;
+      })(),
+      new Promise<boolean>((resolve) => {
+        timer = setTimeout(() => resolve(true), INTERRUPTED_TURN_CLEANUP_WAIT_MS);
+      }),
+    ]);
+    clearTimeout(timer);
+    if (timedOut) {
+      this.logger.warn(
+        {
+          agentId: this.agentId,
+          provider: CODEX_PROVIDER,
+          waitMs: INTERRUPTED_TURN_CLEANUP_WAIT_MS,
+        },
+        "provider.codex.interrupt.terminal_cleanup_timed_out",
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
   async close(): Promise<void> {
     this.closed = true;
     this.clearPendingPermissions();
@@ -6209,6 +6372,11 @@ export class CodexAppServerAgentSession implements AgentSession {
       return;
     }
     this.completePendingRootCompactions();
+    // What a turn that was not interrupted leaves running, it left on purpose; no later
+    // interrupt may end it.
+    if (parsed.status !== "interrupted" && this.currentTurnId) {
+      this.terminalProcessIdsByTurnId.delete(this.currentTurnId);
+    }
     if (parsed.status === "failed") {
       this.emitEvent({
         type: "turn_failed",
@@ -6613,6 +6781,7 @@ export class CodexAppServerAgentSession implements AgentSession {
   private async handleItemCompletedNotification(
     parsed: Extract<ParsedCodexNotification, { kind: "item_completed" }>,
   ): Promise<void> {
+    this.recordTurnTerminalProcess(parsed);
     // Codex emits mirrored lifecycle notifications via both `codex/event/item_*`
     // and canonical `item/*`. Render ordinary items only from the canonical
     // channel, but accept a legacy-only child announcement so it can establish
@@ -6775,6 +6944,7 @@ export class CodexAppServerAgentSession implements AgentSession {
   private async handleItemStartedNotification(
     parsed: Extract<ParsedCodexNotification, { kind: "item_started" }>,
   ): Promise<void> {
+    this.recordTurnTerminalProcess(parsed);
     if (shouldIgnoreMirroredLifecycleItem(parsed.source, parsed.item)) {
       return;
     }

packages/server/src/server/agent/providers/codex-interrupted-turn-terminals.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, test, vi } from "vitest";
+
+import type { AgentSession } from "../agent-sdk-types.js";
+import { createTestLogger } from "../../../test-utils/test-logger.js";
+import { CodexAppServerAgentSession } from "./codex-app-server-agent.js";
+import {
+  createFakeCodexAppServer,
+  type FakeCodexAppServer,
+  waitForNextEvent,
+  waitForTimelineToolCall,
+} from "./codex/test-utils/fake-app-server.js";
+
+const THREAD = "thread-1";
+const TERMINATE = "thread/backgroundTerminals/terminate";
+
+type Handler = (params: unknown) => unknown;
+
+function deferred<T = void>() {
+  let resolve!: (value: T) => void;
+  const promise = new Promise<T>((resolvePromise) => {
+    resolve = resolvePromise;
+  });
+  return { promise, resolve };
+}
+
+function paramsOf(value: unknown): Record<string, unknown> {
+  return value && typeof value === "object" ? (value as Record<string, unknown>) : {};
+}
+
+let sessions: AgentSession[] = [];
+
+afterEach(async () => {
+  for (const session of sessions) await session.close().catch(() => undefined);
+  sessions = [];
+});
+
+/**
+ * A Codex app-server whose interrupt ends the turn the way Codex does: an `interrupted`
+ * turn completion, then the response. `terminate` answers per process.
+ */
+function createHarness(
+  options: {
+    terminate?: (processId: string) => unknown;
+    interruptResponse?: (completeTurn: () => void) => unknown;
+  } = {},
+) {
+  const handlers: Record<string, Handler> = {
+    "turn/interrupt": () => {
+      const completeTurn = () =>
+        appServer.completeTurn({ threadId: THREAD, status: "interrupted" });
+      if (options.interruptResponse) return options.interruptResponse(completeTurn);
+      completeTurn();
+      return {};
+    },
+    [TERMINATE]: (params) =>
+      options.terminate?.(String(paramsOf(params).processId)) ?? { terminated: true },
+  };
+  const appServer: FakeCodexAppServer = createFakeCodexAppServer(handlers);
+  const session = new CodexAppServerAgentSession(
+    {
+      provider: "codex",
+      cwd: "/workspace/project",
+      modeId: "auto",
+      model: "gpt-5.4",
+    },
+    null,
+    createTestLogger(),
+    async () => appServer.child,
+  );
+  sessions.push(session);
+
+  function requests(method: string): Record<string, unknown>[] {
+    return appServer
+      .requests()
+      .filter((message) => message.method === method && "id" in message)
+      .map((message) => paramsOf(message.params));
+  }
+
+  function terminated(): string[] {
+    return requests(TERMINATE)
+      .map((params) => String(params.processId))
+      .sort();
+  }
+
+  // Starts a turn and lets Codex identify it as `nativeTurnId`.
+  async function startTurn(prompt: string, nativeTurnId: string): Promise<void> {
+    const before = requests("turn/start").length;
+    const started = session.startTurn(prompt);
+    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(requests("turn/start")).toHaveLength(before + 1), {
+      timeout: 5_000,
+    });
+    const turnStarted = waitForNextEvent(session, "turn_started");
+    appServer.startsTurn({ threadId: THREAD, turnId: nativeTurnId });
+    await started;
+    await turnStarted;
+  }
+
+  async function runsCommand(params: { turnId: string; processId: string }): Promise<void> {
+    const itemId = `exec-${params.processId}`;
+    const shown = waitForTimelineToolCall(session, itemId);
+    appServer.startsTerminalCommand({
+      threadId: THREAD,
+      turnId: params.turnId,
+      itemId,
+      processId: params.processId,
+      command: `sleep ${params.processId}`,
+    });
+    await shown;
+  }
+
+  async function completesTurn(): Promise<void> {
+    const completed = waitForNextEvent(session, "turn_completed");
+    appServer.completeTurn({ threadId: THREAD });
+    await completed;
+  }
+
+  // Interrupts the running turn and waits for the session to report it canceled, as a
+  // caller does before it starts the next turn: Codex notifications are handled in order
+  // but asynchronously, so the interrupt's answer can arrive before the turn has ended.
+  async function interrupts(): Promise<void> {
+    const canceled = waitForNextEvent(session, "turn_canceled");
+    await session.interrupt();
+    await canceled;
+  }
+
+  return {
+    appServer,
+    session,
+    requests,
+    terminated,
+    startTurn,
+    runsCommand,
+    completesTurn,
+    interrupts,
+  };
+}
+
+// Turn A leaves a server running on purpose and completes. Turn B starts two
+// commands, and a subagent on its own thread starts a third, then B is interrupted.
+async function interruptTurnB(harness: ReturnType<typeof createHarness>): Promise<void> {
+  await harness.startTurn("start a server", "native-A");
+  await harness.runsCommand({ turnId: "native-A", processId: "101" });
+  await harness.completesTurn();
+
+  await harness.startTurn("run two commands", "native-B");
+  await harness.runsCommand({ turnId: "native-B", processId: "201" });
+  // A subagent thread's command shows no row here; the next command's row shows it
+  // was read, because notifications are read in order.
+  harness.appServer.startsTerminalCommand({
+    threadId: "child-thread",
+    turnId: "native-B",
+    itemId: "exec-209",
+    processId: "209",
+    command: "sleep 209",
+  });
+  await harness.runsCommand({ turnId: "native-B", processId: "202" });
+  await harness.interrupts();
+}
+
+describe("an interrupted Codex turn's commands end before the next turn", () => {
+  test("terminates exactly the processes the interrupted turn started, by id, and never cleans", async () => {
+    const harness = createHarness();
+    await interruptTurnB(harness);
+    await harness.startTurn("correction", "native-C");
+
+    expect(harness.terminated()).toEqual(["201", "202"]);
+    expect(harness.requests(TERMINATE).every((params) => params.threadId === THREAD)).toBe(true);
+    // `clean` would end every terminal on the thread, an earlier turn's included.
+    expect(
+      harness.appServer
+        .requests()
+        .filter((message) => String(message.method).startsWith("thread/backgroundTerminals/"))
+        .map((message) => message.method),
+    ).toEqual([TERMINATE, TERMINATE]);
+    harness.appServer.assertNoErrors();
+  });
+
+  test("leaves the next turn's commands running when Codex starts that turn before acknowledging the interrupt", async () => {
+    const acknowledge = deferred();
+    const harness = createHarness({
+      // Codex ends B, starts a turn of its own (a goal continuation), and only then
+      // answers the interrupt.
+      interruptResponse: (completeTurn) => {
+        completeTurn();
+        return acknowledge.promise.then(() => ({}));
+      },
+    });
+    await harness.startTurn("run two commands", "native-B");
+    await harness.runsCommand({ turnId: "native-B", processId: "201" });
+    await harness.runsCommand({ turnId: "native-B", processId: "202" });
+    const interrupting = harness.session.interrupt();
+    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(harness.requests("turn/interrupt")).toHaveLength(1));
+    const autonomousTurn = waitForNextEvent(harness.session, "turn_started");
+    harness.appServer.startsTurn({ threadId: THREAD, turnId: "native-C" });
+    await autonomousTurn;
+    await harness.runsCommand({ turnId: "native-C", processId: "301" });
+
+    acknowledge.resolve();
+    await interrupting;
+    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(harness.terminated()).toEqual(["201", "202"]));
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 50));
+    expect(harness.terminated()).toEqual(["201", "202"]);
+  });
+
+  test("sends the next turn/start only after the terminates are answered", async () => {
+    const answer = deferred();
+    const harness = createHarness({
+      terminate: () => answer.promise.then(() => ({ terminated: true })),
+    });
+    await interruptTurnB(harness);
+    const next = harness.startTurn("correction", "native-C");
+    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(harness.terminated()).toEqual(["201", "202"]));
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 200));
+    expect(harness.requests("turn/start")).toHaveLength(2);
+
+    answer.resolve();
+    await next;
+    expect(harness.requests("turn/start")).toHaveLength(3);
+  });
+
+  test.each(["initial", "late"] as const)(
+    "tracks both cleanup sweeps when the %s answer arrives first",
+    async (answeredFirst) => {
+      const first = deferred();
+      const second = deferred();
+      const harness = createHarness({
+        terminate: (processId) =>
+          (processId === "201" ? first : second).promise.then(() => ({ terminated: true })),
+      });
+      await harness.startTurn("run commands", "native-B");
+      await harness.runsCommand({ turnId: "native-B", processId: "201" });
+      await harness.interrupts();
+      await vi.waitFor(() => expect(harness.terminated()).toEqual(["201"]));
+      const next = harness.startTurn("correction", "native-C");
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 100));
+      expect(harness.requests("turn/start")).toHaveLength(1);
+      // The next turn is already waiting when another process is announced.
+      harness.appServer.startsTerminalCommand({
+        threadId: THREAD,
+        turnId: "native-B",
+        itemId: "late-202",
+        processId: "202",
+        command: "sleep 202",
+      });
+      harness.appServer.startsTerminalCommand({
+        threadId: THREAD,
+        turnId: "native-B",
+        itemId: "duplicate-202",
+        processId: "202",
+        command: "sleep 202",
+      });
+      await vi.waitFor(() => expect(harness.terminated()).toEqual(["201", "202"]));
+      (answeredFirst === "initial" ? first : second).resolve();
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 100));
+      expect(harness.requests("turn/start")).toHaveLength(1);
+      (answeredFirst === "initial" ? second : first).resolve();
+      await next;
+      expect(harness.terminated()).toEqual(["201", "202"]);
+      // Accepted state survives the completed sweep and a newer foreground turn.
+      harness.appServer.startsTerminalCommand({
+        threadId: THREAD,
+        turnId: "native-B",
+        itemId: "late-203",
+        processId: "203",
+        command: "sleep 203",
+      });
+      await vi.waitFor(() => expect(harness.terminated()).toEqual(["201", "202", "203"]));
+      harness.appServer.assertNoErrors();
+    },
+  );
+
+  test("keeps the first sweep pending when a late sweep answers before the next start", async () => {
+    const first = deferred();
+    const harness = createHarness({
+      terminate: (processId) =>
+        processId === "201"
+          ? first.promise.then(() => ({ terminated: true }))
+          : { terminated: true },
+    });
+    await harness.startTurn("run commands", "native-B");
+    await harness.runsCommand({ turnId: "native-B", processId: "201" });
+    await harness.interrupts();
+    harness.appServer.startsTerminalCommand({
+      threadId: THREAD,
+      turnId: "native-B",
+      itemId: "late-202",
+      processId: "202",
+      command: "sleep 202",
+    });
+    await vi.waitFor(() => expect(harness.terminated()).toEqual(["201", "202"]));
+    const next = harness.startTurn("correction", "native-C");
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 100));
+    expect(harness.requests("turn/start")).toHaveLength(1);
+    first.resolve();
+    await next;
+    harness.appServer.assertNoErrors();
+  });
+
+  test("forgets completed commands but retains failed commands at interrupt", async () => {
+    const harness = createHarness();
+    await harness.startTurn("run commands", "native-B");
+    for (const processId of ["201", "202"]) {
+      await harness.runsCommand({ turnId: "native-B", processId });
+      harness.appServer.child.stdout.write(
+        JSON.stringify({
+          method: "item/completed",
+          params: {
+            threadId: THREAD,
+            turnId: "native-B",
+            item: {
+              id: `exec-${processId}`,
+              type: "commandExecution",
+              processId,
+              command: `sleep ${processId}`,
+              status: processId === "201" ? "completed" : "failed",
+              exitCode: processId === "201" ? 0 : null,
+            },
+          },
+        }) + "\n",
+      );
+    }
+    // A following command's row is a barrier for both completion handlers.
+    await harness.runsCommand({ turnId: "native-B", processId: "203" });
+    await harness.interrupts();
+    await harness.startTurn("correction", "native-C");
+    expect(harness.terminated()).toEqual(["202", "203"]);
+    harness.appServer.assertNoErrors();
+  });
+
+  test("retains accepted interrupts for only the latest sixteen turns", async () => {
+    const harness = createHarness();
+    for (let index = 0; index < 17; index++) {
+      await harness.startTurn("run a command", `native-${index}`);
+      await harness.interrupts();
+    }
+    await harness.startTurn("correction", "native-current");
+    harness.appServer.startsTerminalCommand({
+      threadId: THREAD,
+      turnId: "native-0",
+      itemId: "evicted-201",
+      processId: "201",
+      command: "sleep 201",
+    });
+    harness.appServer.startsTerminalCommand({
+      threadId: THREAD,
+      turnId: "native-16",
+      itemId: "retained-202",
+      processId: "202",
+      command: "sleep 202",
+    });
+    await harness.runsCommand({ turnId: "native-current", processId: "301" });
+    expect(harness.terminated()).toEqual(["202"]);
+    harness.appServer.assertNoErrors();
+  });
+
+  test("a failing or unanswered terminate does not block or fail the next turn", async () => {
+    const harness = createHarness({
+      // 201 is refused while the next turn waits; 202 is never answered.
+      terminate: (processId) =>
+        processId === "201"
+          ? new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 300)).then(() => ({
+              __jsonRpcError: { code: -32600, message: "invalid background terminal process id" },
+            }))
+          : new Promise(() => {}),
+    });
+    await interruptTurnB(harness);
+    const startedAt = Date.now();
+    await harness.startTurn("correction", "native-C");
+
+    expect(Date.now() - startedAt).toBeLessThan(5_000);
+    expect(harness.requests("turn/start")).toHaveLength(3);
+    expect(harness.terminated()).toEqual(["201", "202"]);
+  }, 15_000);
+});

packages/server/src/server/connected-hosts/hosts.e2e.test.ts

@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ test("ordinary routed APIs isolate scopes and enforce one-hop, disable and origi
   await paseo.dispose();
 });
 
-test("routed authority is bounded by the caller, with isolated simultaneous sessions", async () => {
+test("routed authority isolates simultaneous sessions and preserves ordinary permission RPC errors", async () => {
   const b = await daemon();
   const a = await daemon();
   const owner = await api(a);
@@ -210,33 +210,16 @@ test("routed authority is bounded by the caller, with isolated simultaneous sess
     code: "permission_denied",
   });
   expect((await owner.paseo.hosts.list()).hosts).toHaveLength(1);
-  await remote.dispose();
-});
-
-test("SDK host clients preserve ordinary permission RPC errors", async () => {
-  const b = await daemon();
-  const a = await daemon();
-  const owner = await api(a);
-  await owner.paseo.hosts.add({ connection: `127.0.0.1:${b.port}` });
-  const serverId = (await online(owner.paseo)).hosts[0]!.serverId!;
-  const clients = [a, b].map((host) =>
-    createHostClient(`127.0.0.1:${host.port}`, {
-      clientId: crypto.randomUUID(),
-      sessionPermissions: ["daemon.read", "workspace.read"],
-      reconnect: { enabled: false },
-    }),
-  );
-  for (const client of clients) {
-    cleanup.push(() => client.close());
-    await client.connect();
-  }
-  const origin = createPaseoApi(clients[0]!);
-  const direct = createPaseoApi(clients[1]!);
-  const remote = await origin.hosts.client(serverId);
+  const directClient = createHostClient(`127.0.0.1:${b.port}`, {
+    clientId: crypto.randomUUID(),
+    sessionPermissions: ["daemon.read", "workspace.read"],
+    reconnect: { enabled: false },
+  });
+  await directClient.connect();
+  const direct = createPaseoApi(directClient);
   cleanup.push(async () => {
-    await remote.dispose();
     await direct.dispose();
-    await origin.dispose();
+    await directClient.close();
   });
   const input = { source: { kind: "directory" as const, path: b.staticDir } };
   const directError = (await direct.workspaces.create(input).catch((error: unknown) => error)) as {
@@ -247,6 +230,7 @@ test("SDK host clients preserve ordinary permission RPC errors", async () => {
   };
   expect(directError.code).toBe("access_denied");
   expect(remoteError.code).toBe(directError.code);
+  await remote.dispose();
 });
 
 test("distinct origin sessions cannot collide through a caller-selected route scope, including terminal binary output", async () => {

packages/server/src/server/daemon-e2e/peer-message-permissions.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+import { mkdir, mkdtemp, rm } from "node:fs/promises";
+import path from "node:path";
+import type { FormInfo } from "@opencode/client";
+import { expect, test } from "vitest";
+
+import { createTestLogger } from "../../test-utils/test-logger.js";
+import { OpenCodeV2AgentClient } from "../agent/providers/opencode/v2/agent.js";
+import { V2Harness } from "../agent/providers/opencode/test-utils/v2-harness.js";
+import { createTestAgentClients } from "../test-utils/fake-agent-client.js";
+import { createTestPaseoDaemon } from "../test-utils/paseo-daemon.js";
+import { DaemonClient } from "../test-utils/daemon-client.js";
+
+async function createQuestionHarness() {
+  const artifacts = path.resolve(".artifacts");
+  await mkdir(artifacts, { recursive: true });
+  const root = await mkdtemp(path.join(artifacts, "peer-permissions-"));
+  const runtime = new V2Harness();
+  runtime.autoComplete = false;
+  runtime.api.model.list = async () => ({ location: runtime.info.location, data: [] });
+  runtime.api.provider.list = async () => ({
+    location: runtime.info.location,
+    data: [{ id: "test", name: "Test", activation: "enabled", package: "test" }],
+  });
+  let form: FormInfo | null = null;
+  const answers: Array<Record<string, unknown>> = [];
+  runtime.api.session.form.list = async () => (form ? [form] : []);
+  runtime.api.session.form.cancel = async () => {
+    form = null;
+    runtime.finishExecution("interrupted");
+  };
+  runtime.api.session.form.reply = async ({ answer }) => {
+    answers.push(answer);
+    form = null;
+    runtime.finishExecution();
+  };
+  // A steer is admitted to the existing execution, rather than starting another one.
+  runtime.prompt = async (input) => {
+    runtime.prompts.push(input.text);
+    if (runtime.prompts.length === 1) runtime.startExecution();
+  };
+  const provider = new OpenCodeV2AgentClient({
+    logger: createTestLogger(),
+    runtime: runtime.runtime,
+  });
+  const daemon = await createTestPaseoDaemon({
+    agentClients: { ...createTestAgentClients(), opencode: provider },
+    paseoHomeRoot: path.join(root, "daemon"),
+    staticDir: path.join(root, "static"),
+    cleanup: false,
+  });
+  const client = new DaemonClient({ url: `ws://127.0.0.1:${daemon.port}/ws` });
+  try {
+    await client.connect();
+    await client.fetchAgents({ subscribe: {} });
+    const recipient = await client.createAgent({
+      provider: "opencode",
+      cwd: root,
+      title: "Waiting for a human answer",
+    });
+    const sender = await client.createAgent({ provider: "claude", cwd: root });
+    await client.sendMessage(recipient.id, "Ask which color to use");
+    await expect.poll(() => runtime.prompts).toHaveLength(1);
+    form = {
+      id: "color-question",
+      sessionID: "session",
+      title: "Color",
+      fields: [{ key: "color", title: "Color", type: "string" }],
+    };
+    runtime.push({ id: "question-created", created: 2, type: "form.created", data: { form } });
+    await client.waitForAgentUpsert(recipient.id, (agent) =>
+      (agent.pendingPermissions ?? []).some((request) => request.id === "color-question"),
+    );
+    return {
+      client,
+      recipient,
+      sender,
+      answers,
+      async close() {
+        await client.close();
+        await daemon.close();
+        await rm(root, { recursive: true, force: true });
+      },
+    };
+  } catch (error) {
+    await client.close();
+    await daemon.close();
+    await rm(root, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+test("an agent-sourced steer leaves the question pending and answerable", async () => {
+  const { client, recipient, sender, answers, close } = await createQuestionHarness();
+  try {
+    await client.sendAgentMessage(recipient.id, "Peer status check", {
+      sourceAgentId: sender.id,
+    });
+    // The public wait includes admitted message delivery before reporting permission status.
+    const waiting = await client.waitForFinish(recipient.id);
+    expect(waiting.status).toBe("permission");
+    expect(waiting.final?.pendingPermissions).toMatchObject([
+      { id: "color-question", kind: "question" },
+    ]);
+    await client.respondToPermission(recipient.id, "color-question", {
+      behavior: "allow",
+      updatedInput: { answers: { Color: "Blue" } },
+    });
+    await client.waitForAgentUpsert(
+      recipient.id,
+      (agent) => (agent.pendingPermissions ?? []).length === 0 && agent.status === "idle",
+    );
+    expect(answers).toEqual([{ color: "Blue" }]);
+  } finally {
+    await close();
+  }
+});
+
+test("a human steer still dismisses the question", async () => {
+  const { client, recipient, answers, close } = await createQuestionHarness();
+  try {
+    await client.sendAgentMessage(recipient.id, "Use red instead", { activeTurnBehavior: "steer" });
+    const finished = await client.waitForFinish(recipient.id);
+    expect(finished.status).toBe("idle");
+    expect(finished.final?.pendingPermissions ?? []).toEqual([]);
+    expect(answers).toEqual([]);
+  } finally {
+    await close();
+  }
+});

packages/server/src/server/session.ts

@@ -8318,7 +8318,7 @@ export class Session {
             },
             activeTurnBehavior: msg.activeTurnBehavior ?? "steer",
             sessionMode: msg.sessionMode,
-            clearPendingPermissions: true,
+            clearPendingPermissions: false,
           });
           deliveryStatus = "queued";
           queued();

packages/server/src/server/workspace-git-service.observation.integration.test.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { flushGitCommandTrace } from "../utils/git-command-trace.js";
 import { createWorkspaceRuntimeStore } from "./workspace-runtime-store/index.js";
 import { mkdirSync, mkdtempSync, readFileSync, realpathSync, rmSync, writeFileSync } from "node:fs";
 import { execFileSync } from "node:child_process";
@@ -730,3 +731,103 @@ test("Git event identity retains a symlink's literal target before canonicalizin
     rmSync(root, { recursive: true, force: true });
   }
 });
+
+test.skipIf(process.platform !== "linux")(
+  "missing folders stop degraded Git polling and explicit refreshes, then recover",
+  async () => {
+    const artifacts = path.resolve(".artifacts");
+    mkdirSync(artifacts, { recursive: true });
+    const root = mkdtempSync(path.join(artifacts, "workspace-git-missing-"));
+    const cwd = path.join(root, "repo");
+    const initializeRepo = (branch: string) => {
+      mkdirSync(cwd);
+      execFileSync("git", ["init", "-b", branch], { cwd, stdio: "pipe" });
+      writeFileSync(path.join(cwd, "README.md"), "fixture\n");
+      execFileSync("git", ["add", "."], { cwd, stdio: "pipe" });
+      execFileSync(
+        "git",
+        [
+          "-c",
+          "user.name=Test",
+          "-c",
+          "user.email=test@example.invalid",
+          "-c",
+          "commit.gpgsign=false",
+          "commit",
+          "-m",
+          "fixture",
+        ],
+        { cwd, stdio: "pipe" },
+      );
+    };
+    initializeRepo("main");
+    // Exceed the real Linux observer's directory limit to enter degraded polling.
+    // No watcher errors or Git responses are injected.
+    for (let index = 0; index < 5100; index++) {
+      mkdirSync(path.join(cwd, `generated-${index}`));
+    }
+    const trace = path.join(root, "git.jsonl");
+    writeFileSync(trace, "");
+    const previousTrace = process.env.PASEO_GIT_TRACE_FILE;
+    process.env.PASEO_GIT_TRACE_FILE = trace;
+    let degraded = false;
+    let suspended = false;
+    const logger = pino(
+      { level: "warn" },
+      {
+        write(line) {
+          const message = JSON.parse(line).msg;
+          if (message === "Failed to start working tree watcher; using degraded polling")
+            degraded = true;
+          if (
+            message ===
+            "Workspace folder no longer exists; suspended git observation until it is back"
+          )
+            suspended = true;
+        },
+      },
+    );
+    const service = new WorkspaceGitServiceImpl({ logger, paseoHome: path.join(root, "home") });
+    const subscription = service.registerWorkspace({ cwd }, () => {});
+    const commandCount = async () => {
+      await flushGitCommandTrace();
+      return readFileSync(trace, "utf8").trim().split("\n").filter(Boolean).length;
+    };
+    try {
+      await expect
+        .poll(() => degraded && service.getMetrics().workspaceRefreshInFlightCount === 0, {
+          timeout: 15_000,
+        })
+        .toBe(true);
+      rmSync(cwd, { recursive: true, force: true });
+      await expect.poll(() => suspended, { timeout: 15_000 }).toBe(true);
+      await expect.poll(() => service.getMetrics().workspaceRefreshInFlightCount).toBe(0);
+      const commandsWhileMissing = await commandCount();
+      await service.getSnapshot(cwd, {
+        force: true,
+        includeForge: false,
+        reason: "refresh-button",
+      });
+      await service.refresh(cwd);
+      expect(await commandCount()).toBe(commandsWhileMissing);
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 16_000));
+      expect(await commandCount()).toBe(commandsWhileMissing);
+
+      initializeRepo("restored");
+      const snapshot = await service.getSnapshot(cwd, {
+        force: true,
+        includeForge: false,
+        reason: "refresh-button",
+      });
+      expect(snapshot.git).toMatchObject({ isGit: true, currentBranch: "restored" });
+      await expect.poll(() => service.getMetrics().repositoryWorkspaceLinkCount).toBe(1);
+    } finally {
+      subscription.unsubscribe();
+      await service.dispose();
+      if (previousTrace === undefined) delete process.env.PASEO_GIT_TRACE_FILE;
+      else process.env.PASEO_GIT_TRACE_FILE = previousTrace;
+      rmSync(root, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    }
+  },
+  60_000,
+);

packages/server/src/server/workspace-git-service.observation.test.ts

@@ -244,6 +244,7 @@ function createService(
         filterEvents: (events) => events,
         verify: vi.fn(async () => {}),
       })),
+      workspaceFolderExists: vi.fn(async () => true),
       ...overrides,
     } as never,
   });

packages/server/src/server/workspace-git-service.test.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import { createWorkspaceRuntimeStore } from "./workspace-runtime-store/index.js";
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, test, vi } from "vitest";
+import { existsSync } from "node:fs";
+import { mkdir, mkdtemp, rm, writeFile } from "node:fs/promises";
 import os from "node:os";
 import path, { join } from "node:path";
 import type pino from "pino";
@@ -10,11 +12,14 @@ import type {
   PullRequestStatusResult,
 } from "../utils/checkout-git.js";
 import {
+  BACKGROUND_GIT_FETCH_INTERVAL_MS,
+  WORKSPACE_GIT_OBSERVATION_REENSURE_INTERVAL_MS,
   WORKSPACE_GIT_OBSERVATION_SETUP_CONCURRENCY,
   WORKSPACE_GIT_REFRESH_CONCURRENCY,
   WORKSPACE_GIT_WATCHER_SUBSCRIBE_TIMEOUT_MS,
   WorkspaceGitServiceImpl,
   type WorkspaceGitRuntimeSnapshot,
+  workspaceFolderExists,
 } from "./workspace-git-service.js";
 
 const REPO_CWD = path.resolve("/tmp/repo");
@@ -23,6 +28,7 @@ function createLogger() {
   const logger = {
     child: () => logger,
     debug: vi.fn(),
+    info: vi.fn(),
     warn: vi.fn(),
   };
   return logger;
@@ -251,7 +257,7 @@ function createGitHubServiceStub(): ForgeService {
 interface CreateServiceTestOptions {
   subscribe?: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
   getCheckoutStatus?: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
-  getCheckoutSnapshotFacts?: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  getCheckoutSnapshotFacts?: (cwd: string) => Promise<CheckoutSnapshotFacts>;
   getCheckoutShortstat?: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
   getCheckoutWorktreeState?: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
   getPullRequestStatus?: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
@@ -261,6 +267,7 @@ interface CreateServiceTestOptions {
   runGitFetch?: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
   runGitCommand?: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
   getWorkspaceGitSelfHealPhaseMs?: (cwd: string) => number;
+  workspaceFolderExists?: (cwd: string) => Promise<boolean>;
   now?: () => Date;
 }
 
@@ -294,6 +301,7 @@ function buildDefaultTestServiceDeps() {
       signal: null,
     })),
     getWorkspaceGitSelfHealPhaseMs: vi.fn(() => 30_000),
+    workspaceFolderExists: vi.fn(async () => true),
     createWatcherLivenessCanary: vi.fn(() => ({
       path: "",
       filterEvents: (events) => events,
@@ -324,6 +332,145 @@ function createService(options?: CreateServiceTestOptions) {
   });
 }
 
+type WatchCallback = (error: Error | null, events: Array<{ path: string; type: "update" }>) => void;
+
+interface FolderBackedGitOptions {
+  facts?: (cwd: string) => CheckoutSnapshotFacts;
+  unwatchableDirectories?: string[];
+  heldWatch?: { directory: string; release: Promise<void> };
+}
+
+function createFolderBackedGit(options?: FolderBackedGitOptions) {
+  const watchCallbacks = new Map<string, WatchCallback>();
+  const subscribe = vi.fn(async (directory: string, callback: WatchCallback) => {
+    if (!existsSync(directory) || options?.unwatchableDirectories?.includes(directory)) {
+      throw new Error(`Cannot watch ${directory}`);
+    }
+    if (options?.heldWatch?.directory === directory) {
+      await options.heldWatch.release;
+    }
+    watchCallbacks.set(directory, callback);
+    return createAsyncSubscription();
+  });
+  const getCheckoutSnapshotFacts = vi.fn(
+    async (cwd: string): Promise<CheckoutSnapshotFacts> =>
+      existsSync(cwd) ? (options?.facts ?? createCheckoutSnapshotFacts)(cwd) : { isGit: false },
+  );
+  const getCheckoutStatus = vi.fn(async (cwd: string) =>
+    existsSync(cwd) ? createCheckoutStatus(cwd) : ({ isGit: false } as const),
+  );
+  const getCheckoutShortstat = vi.fn(async (_cwd: string) => ({ additions: 1, deletions: 0 }));
+  const getCheckoutWorktreeState = vi.fn(async (_cwd: string) => ({
+    isDirty: false,
+    diffStat: { additions: 1, deletions: 0 },
+  }));
+  const runGitCommand = vi.fn(async (args: string[], runOptions: { cwd: string }) => ({
+    stdout: args[0] === "rev-parse" ? `${runOptions.cwd}\n` : "",
+    stderr: "",
+    truncated: false,
+    exitCode: 0,
+    signal: null,
+  }));
+  const runGitFetch = vi.fn(async (_cwd: string) => ({ changes: [], error: null }));
+  const callsIn = (fake: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>, cwd: string) =>
+    fake.mock.calls.filter(([calledCwd]) => calledCwd === cwd).length;
+
+  return {
+    deps: {
+      subscribe,
+      getCheckoutSnapshotFacts,
+      getCheckoutStatus,
+      getCheckoutShortstat,
+      getCheckoutWorktreeState,
+      runGitCommand,
+      runGitFetch,
+      workspaceFolderExists: async (cwd: string) => existsSync(cwd),
+      now: () => new Date(),
+    },
+    watchCallbackFor(directory: string): WatchCallback {
+      const callback = watchCallbacks.get(directory);
+      if (!callback) {
+        throw new Error(`No watcher was started for ${directory}`);
+      }
+      return callback;
+    },
+    watchAttemptsFor: (directory: string) => callsIn(subscribe, directory),
+    pollsOf: (cwd: string) => callsIn(getCheckoutShortstat, cwd),
+    fetchesIn: (cwd: string) => callsIn(runGitFetch, cwd),
+    gitCommandsIn(cwd: string): number {
+      const cwdCommands = [
+        getCheckoutSnapshotFacts,
+        getCheckoutStatus,
+        getCheckoutShortstat,
+        getCheckoutWorktreeState,
+        runGitFetch,
+      ].reduce((count, fake) => count + callsIn(fake, cwd), 0);
+      const commandsRunInCwd = runGitCommand.mock.calls.filter(
+        ([, runOptions]) => runOptions.cwd === cwd,
+      ).length;
+      return cwdCommands + commandsRunInCwd;
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+function linkedWorktreeFacts(gitCommonDir: string) {
+  return (cwd: string): CheckoutSnapshotFacts => ({
+    ...createCheckoutSnapshotFacts(cwd),
+    absoluteGitDir: join(gitCommonDir, "worktrees", path.basename(cwd)),
+    gitCommonDir,
+  });
+}
+
+const SETTLE_ATTEMPTS = 1_000;
+
+async function settle(assertion: () => void): Promise<void> {
+  let lastFailure: unknown = null;
+  for (let attempt = 0; attempt < SETTLE_ATTEMPTS; attempt += 1) {
+    try {
+      assertion();
+      return;
+    } catch (failure) {
+      lastFailure = failure;
+    }
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(0);
+  }
+  throw lastFailure;
+}
+
+async function waitForRefreshesToSettle(service: WorkspaceGitServiceImpl): Promise<void> {
+  await settle(() => {
+    expect(service.getMetrics().workspaceRefreshInFlightCount).toBe(0);
+  });
+}
+
+async function waitForObservationToSettle(
+  service: WorkspaceGitServiceImpl,
+  repositoryWorkspaceLinkCount: number,
+): Promise<void> {
+  await settle(() => {
+    const metrics = service.getMetrics();
+    expect(metrics.repositoryWorkspaceLinkCount).toBe(repositoryWorkspaceLinkCount);
+    expect(metrics.workspaceObservationSetupInFlightCount).toBe(0);
+    expect(metrics.workspaceRefreshInFlightCount).toBe(0);
+  });
+}
+
+async function advanceThroughDegradedPolls(service: WorkspaceGitServiceImpl): Promise<void> {
+  for (const delayMs of [5_000, 10_000, 20_000, 40_000, 60_000, 60_000]) {
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(delayMs);
+    await waitForRefreshesToSettle(service);
+  }
+}
+
+async function advanceThroughWorkingTreeRecoveryAttempts(
+  service: WorkspaceGitServiceImpl,
+): Promise<void> {
+  for (const delayMs of [30_000, 60_000, 120_000]) {
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(delayMs);
+    await waitForRefreshesToSettle(service);
+  }
+}
+
 describe("WorkspaceGitServiceImpl", () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     vi.useFakeTimers();
@@ -1553,3 +1700,460 @@ describe("WorkspaceGitServiceImpl", () => {
     service.dispose();
   });
 });
+
+describe("WorkspaceGitServiceImpl with workspace folders that no longer exist", () => {
+  const temporaryFolders: string[] = [];
+
+  async function createTemporaryFolder(): Promise<string> {
+    const folder = await mkdtemp(join(os.tmpdir(), "paseo-workspace-git-"));
+    temporaryFolders.push(folder);
+    return folder;
+  }
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+  });
+
+  afterEach(async () => {
+    vi.useRealTimers();
+    await Promise.all(
+      temporaryFolders.splice(0).map((folder) => rm(folder, { recursive: true, force: true })),
+    );
+  });
+
+  test("polling stops for a workspace whose folder no longer exists", async () => {
+    const workspace = await createTemporaryFolder();
+    const git = createFolderBackedGit();
+    const service = createService(git.deps);
+    const subscription = service.registerWorkspace({ cwd: workspace }, vi.fn());
+    await waitForObservationToSettle(service, 1);
+
+    await rm(workspace, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    const gitCommandsAtDeletion = git.gitCommandsIn(workspace);
+    await advanceThroughDegradedPolls(service);
+
+    expect(git.gitCommandsIn(workspace)).toBe(gitCommandsAtDeletion);
+    expect(service.getMetrics()).toMatchObject({
+      repositoryTargetCount: 0,
+      workingTreeWatchTargetCount: 0,
+    });
+    expect(vi.getTimerCount()).toBe(1);
+
+    subscription.unsubscribe();
+    await service.dispose();
+  });
+
+  test("a deleted worktree leaves its shared repository polling and fetch to the surviving worktree", async () => {
+    const gitCommonDir = join(await createTemporaryFolder(), ".git");
+    const deletedWorktree = await createTemporaryFolder();
+    const survivingWorktree = await createTemporaryFolder();
+    const git = createFolderBackedGit({ facts: linkedWorktreeFacts(gitCommonDir) });
+    let survivingWorktreeEdits = 0;
+    git.deps.getCheckoutShortstat.mockImplementation(async (cwd: string) => ({
+      additions: cwd === survivingWorktree ? ++survivingWorktreeEdits : 1,
+      deletions: 0,
+    }));
+    const service = createService(git.deps);
+    const deletedSubscription = service.registerWorkspace({ cwd: deletedWorktree }, vi.fn());
+    await waitForObservationToSettle(service, 1);
+    const survivingSubscription = service.registerWorkspace({ cwd: survivingWorktree }, vi.fn());
+    await waitForObservationToSettle(service, 2);
+
+    await rm(deletedWorktree, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(60_000);
+    await waitForRefreshesToSettle(service);
+    const deletedWorktreeCommands = git.gitCommandsIn(deletedWorktree);
+
+    for (let tick = 0; tick < 3; tick += 1) {
+      const survivingWorktreePolls = git.pollsOf(survivingWorktree);
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(5_000);
+      await settle(() => {
+        expect(git.pollsOf(survivingWorktree)).toBe(survivingWorktreePolls + 1);
+      });
+    }
+    expect(git.gitCommandsIn(deletedWorktree)).toBe(deletedWorktreeCommands);
+
+    const fetchesBefore = git.deps.runGitFetch.mock.calls.length;
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(2 * BACKGROUND_GIT_FETCH_INTERVAL_MS);
+    expect(git.deps.runGitFetch.mock.calls.slice(fetchesBefore).map(([cwd]) => cwd)).toEqual([
+      survivingWorktree,
+      survivingWorktree,
+    ]);
+    expect(git.gitCommandsIn(deletedWorktree)).toBe(deletedWorktreeCommands);
+
+    deletedSubscription.unsubscribe();
+    survivingSubscription.unsubscribe();
+    await service.dispose();
+  });
+
+  test("deleting every worktree of a repository stops its polling and background fetch", async () => {
+    const gitCommonDir = join(await createTemporaryFolder(), ".git");
+    const firstWorktree = await createTemporaryFolder();
+    const secondWorktree = await createTemporaryFolder();
+    const git = createFolderBackedGit({ facts: linkedWorktreeFacts(gitCommonDir) });
+    const service = createService(git.deps);
+    const firstSubscription = service.registerWorkspace({ cwd: firstWorktree }, vi.fn());
+    await waitForObservationToSettle(service, 1);
+    const secondSubscription = service.registerWorkspace({ cwd: secondWorktree }, vi.fn());
+    await waitForObservationToSettle(service, 2);
+
+    await rm(firstWorktree, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    await rm(secondWorktree, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    const commandsAtDeletion = [
+      git.gitCommandsIn(firstWorktree),
+      git.gitCommandsIn(secondWorktree),
+    ];
+    await advanceThroughDegradedPolls(service);
+
+    expect([git.gitCommandsIn(firstWorktree), git.gitCommandsIn(secondWorktree)]).toEqual(
+      commandsAtDeletion,
+    );
+    expect(service.getMetrics()).toMatchObject({
+      repositoryTargetCount: 0,
+      workingTreeWatchTargetCount: 0,
+    });
+    expect(vi.getTimerCount()).toBe(2);
+
+    firstSubscription.unsubscribe();
+    secondSubscription.unsubscribe();
+    await service.dispose();
+  });
+
+  test("working tree fallback polling and watcher recovery stop for a workspace whose folder no longer exists", async () => {
+    const workspace = await createTemporaryFolder();
+    await mkdir(join(workspace, ".git"));
+    const git = createFolderBackedGit();
+    const service = createService(git.deps);
+    const subscription = service.registerWorkspace({ cwd: workspace }, vi.fn());
+    await waitForObservationToSettle(service, 1);
+
+    await rm(workspace, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    git.watchCallbackFor(workspace)(new Error("watched directory was deleted"), []);
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1_000);
+    await waitForRefreshesToSettle(service);
+    const commandsAfterWatcherError = git.gitCommandsIn(workspace);
+    const watchAttemptsAfterWatcherError = git.watchAttemptsFor(workspace);
+    await advanceThroughDegradedPolls(service);
+
+    expect(git.gitCommandsIn(workspace)).toBe(commandsAfterWatcherError);
+    expect(git.watchAttemptsFor(workspace)).toBe(watchAttemptsAfterWatcherError);
+    expect(vi.getTimerCount()).toBe(1);
+
+    subscription.unsubscribe();
+    await service.dispose();
+  });
+
+  test("a workspace whose folder comes back resumes polling on its next subscription", async () => {
+    const workspace = await createTemporaryFolder();
+    const git = createFolderBackedGit();
+    const service = createService(git.deps);
+    const firstSubscription = service.registerWorkspace({ cwd: workspace }, vi.fn());
+    await waitForObservationToSettle(service, 1);
+    await rm(workspace, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    const commandsWhileMissing = git.gitCommandsIn(workspace);
+    await advanceThroughDegradedPolls(service);
+    expect(git.gitCommandsIn(workspace)).toBe(commandsWhileMissing);
+
+    await mkdir(workspace);
+    const secondSubscription = service.registerWorkspace({ cwd: workspace }, vi.fn());
+    await waitForObservationToSettle(service, 1);
+    const pollsAfterResume = git.pollsOf(workspace);
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(5_000);
+    await waitForRefreshesToSettle(service);
+
+    expect(git.pollsOf(workspace)).toBe(pollsAfterResume + 1);
+
+    firstSubscription.unsubscribe();
+    secondSubscription.unsubscribe();
+    await service.dispose();
+  });
+
+  test("a suspended workspace costs no git while its folder is missing, even when a refresh is requested", async () => {
+    const workspace = await createTemporaryFolder();
+    const git = createFolderBackedGit();
+    const service = createService(git.deps);
+    const subscription = service.registerWorkspace({ cwd: workspace }, vi.fn());
+    await waitForObservationToSettle(service, 1);
+    await rm(workspace, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    await advanceThroughDegradedPolls(service);
+    const commandsWhileMissing = git.gitCommandsIn(workspace);
+
+    for (let probe = 0; probe < 10; probe += 1) {
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(WORKSPACE_GIT_OBSERVATION_REENSURE_INTERVAL_MS);
+      await waitForRefreshesToSettle(service);
+    }
+    service.scheduleRefreshForCwd(workspace);
+    service.onWorkspaceStateMayHaveChanged(workspace);
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(5_000);
+    await waitForRefreshesToSettle(service);
+
+    expect(git.gitCommandsIn(workspace)).toBe(commandsWhileMissing);
+    expect(vi.getTimerCount()).toBe(1);
+
+    subscription.unsubscribe();
+    await service.dispose();
+  });
+
+  test("a suspended worktree resumes polling and its repository fetch once its folder is back, without a new subscription", async () => {
+    const gitCommonDir = join(await createTemporaryFolder(), ".git");
+    const worktree = await createTemporaryFolder();
+    const git = createFolderBackedGit({ facts: linkedWorktreeFacts(gitCommonDir) });
+    const service = createService(git.deps);
+    const subscription = service.registerWorkspace({ cwd: worktree }, vi.fn());
+    await waitForObservationToSettle(service, 1);
+    await rm(worktree, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    await advanceThroughDegradedPolls(service);
+    await waitForObservationToSettle(service, 0);
+
+    await mkdir(worktree);
+    const fetchesBeforeRestore = git.fetchesIn(worktree);
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(WORKSPACE_GIT_OBSERVATION_REENSURE_INTERVAL_MS);
+    await waitForObservationToSettle(service, 1);
+    expect(git.fetchesIn(worktree)).toBe(fetchesBeforeRestore + 1);
+
+    const pollsAfterRestore = git.pollsOf(worktree);
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(5_000);
+    await waitForRefreshesToSettle(service);
+    expect(git.pollsOf(worktree)).toBe(pollsAfterRestore + 1);
+
+    subscription.unsubscribe();
+    await service.dispose();
+  });
+
+  test("a forced snapshot resumes a suspended workspace whose folder is back", async () => {
+    const workspace = await createTemporaryFolder();
+    const git = createFolderBackedGit();
+    const service = createService(git.deps);
+    const subscription = service.registerWorkspace({ cwd: workspace }, vi.fn());
+    await waitForObservationToSettle(service, 1);
+    await rm(workspace, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    await advanceThroughDegradedPolls(service);
+    await waitForObservationToSettle(service, 0);
+
+    await mkdir(workspace);
+    const snapshot = await service.getSnapshot(workspace, {
+      force: true,
+      reason: "refresh-button",
+    });
+    await waitForObservationToSettle(service, 1);
+
+    expect(snapshot.git.isGit).toBe(true);
+
+    subscription.unsubscribe();
+    await service.dispose();
+  });
+
+  test("a resumed workspace rebuilds observation from fresh facts, not the non-git facts cached while its folder was gone", async () => {
+    const workspace = await createTemporaryFolder();
+    const git = createFolderBackedGit();
+    const service = createService(git.deps);
+    const firstSubscription = service.registerWorkspace({ cwd: workspace }, vi.fn());
+    await waitForObservationToSettle(service, 1);
+    await rm(workspace, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    service.onWorkspaceStateMayHaveChanged(workspace);
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1_000);
+    await waitForRefreshesToSettle(service);
+    expect((await service.getSnapshot(workspace)).git.isGit).toBe(false);
+    await advanceThroughDegradedPolls(service);
+    await waitForObservationToSettle(service, 0);
+
+    await mkdir(workspace);
+    const secondSubscription = service.registerWorkspace({ cwd: workspace }, vi.fn());
+    await waitForObservationToSettle(service, 1);
+
+    expect((await service.getSnapshot(workspace)).git.isGit).toBe(true);
+
+    firstSubscription.unsubscribe();
+    secondSubscription.unsubscribe();
+    await service.dispose();
+  });
+
+  test("resuming waits for an observation setup that was still running when the folder vanished", async () => {
+    const workspace = await createTemporaryFolder();
+    const gitDir = join(workspace, ".git");
+    await mkdir(gitDir);
+    const metadataWatchRelease = createDeferred<void>();
+    const git = createFolderBackedGit({
+      unwatchableDirectories: [workspace],
+      heldWatch: { directory: gitDir, release: metadataWatchRelease.promise },
+    });
+    const service = createService(git.deps);
+    const firstSubscription = service.registerWorkspace({ cwd: workspace }, vi.fn());
+    await settle(() => {
+      expect(git.watchAttemptsFor(gitDir)).toBe(1);
+    });
+
+    await rm(workspace, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(5_000);
+    await settle(() => {
+      expect(service.getMetrics()).toMatchObject({
+        repositoryTargetCount: 0,
+        workingTreeWatchTargetCount: 0,
+      });
+    });
+    await mkdir(workspace);
+    const secondSubscription = service.registerWorkspace({ cwd: workspace }, vi.fn());
+    metadataWatchRelease.resolve();
+    await waitForObservationToSettle(service, 1);
+
+    expect(service.getMetrics().workingTreeWatchTargetCount).toBe(1);
+
+    firstSubscription.unsubscribe();
+    secondSubscription.unsubscribe();
+    await service.dispose();
+  });
+
+  test("an open working tree watch neither notifies nor recovers while its folder is missing, and picks up once it is back", async () => {
+    const workspace = await createTemporaryFolder();
+    await mkdir(join(workspace, ".git"));
+    const git = createFolderBackedGit();
+    const service = createService(git.deps);
+    const workspaceSubscription = service.registerWorkspace({ cwd: workspace }, vi.fn());
+    await waitForObservationToSettle(service, 1);
+    const diffListener = vi.fn();
+    const diffWatch = await service.requestWorkingTreeWatch(workspace, diffListener);
+
+    await rm(workspace, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    git.watchCallbackFor(workspace)(new Error("watched directory was deleted"), []);
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1_000);
+    await waitForRefreshesToSettle(service);
+    const commandsAfterWatcherError = git.gitCommandsIn(workspace);
+    const notificationsAfterWatcherError = diffListener.mock.calls.length;
+    const watchAttemptsAfterWatcherError = git.watchAttemptsFor(workspace);
+    await advanceThroughWorkingTreeRecoveryAttempts(service);
+
+    expect(git.gitCommandsIn(workspace)).toBe(commandsAfterWatcherError);
+    expect(diffListener.mock.calls.length).toBe(notificationsAfterWatcherError);
+    expect(git.watchAttemptsFor(workspace)).toBe(watchAttemptsAfterWatcherError);
+    expect(service.getMetrics().workingTreeWatchTargetCount).toBe(1);
+
+    await mkdir(join(workspace, ".git"), { recursive: true });
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(60_000);
+    await waitForRefreshesToSettle(service);
+    expect(diffListener.mock.calls.length).toBe(notificationsAfterWatcherError + 1);
+
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(240_000);
+    await waitForRefreshesToSettle(service);
+    expect(git.watchAttemptsFor(workspace)).toBe(watchAttemptsAfterWatcherError + 1);
+    const notificationsAfterResubscribe = diffListener.mock.calls.length;
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(120_000);
+    await waitForRefreshesToSettle(service);
+    expect(diffListener.mock.calls.length).toBe(notificationsAfterResubscribe);
+
+    diffWatch.unsubscribe();
+    workspaceSubscription.unsubscribe();
+    await service.dispose();
+  });
+
+  test("a refresh crossing suspension preserves the cached snapshot and drops queued work", async () => {
+    const workspace = await createTemporaryFolder();
+    const git = createFolderBackedGit();
+    const started = createDeferred<void>();
+    const release = createDeferred<void>();
+    let holdNextRead = false;
+    let factsReads = 0;
+    const service = createService({
+      ...git.deps,
+      getCheckoutSnapshotFacts: async (cwd: string) => {
+        factsReads++;
+        if (holdNextRead) {
+          holdNextRead = false;
+          started.resolve();
+          await release.promise;
+        }
+        return git.deps.getCheckoutSnapshotFacts(cwd);
+      },
+    });
+    const updates: WorkspaceGitRuntimeSnapshot[] = [];
+    const subscription = service.registerWorkspace({ cwd: workspace }, (snapshot) =>
+      updates.push(snapshot),
+    );
+    await waitForObservationToSettle(service, 1);
+    const cached = await service.getSnapshot(workspace);
+    holdNextRead = true;
+    const active = service.getSnapshot(workspace, {
+      force: true,
+      includeForge: false,
+      reason: "overlapping-refresh",
+    });
+    await started.promise;
+    const queued = service.getSnapshot(workspace, {
+      force: true,
+      includeForge: true,
+      reason: "queued-refresh",
+    });
+    await rm(workspace, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(5_000);
+    await settle(() => expect(service.getMetrics().repositoryWorkspaceLinkCount).toBe(0));
+    const readsAtSuspension = factsReads;
+    const updatesAtSuspension = updates.length;
+    release.resolve();
+    expect(await active).toEqual(cached);
+    expect(await queued).toEqual(cached);
+    expect(await service.getSnapshot(workspace)).toEqual(cached);
+    expect(updates).toHaveLength(updatesAtSuspension);
+    expect(factsReads).toBe(readsAtSuspension);
+    subscription.unsubscribe();
+    await service.dispose();
+  });
+
+  test("restoration settles a suspended refresh before reloading facts", async () => {
+    const workspace = await createTemporaryFolder();
+    const git = createFolderBackedGit();
+    const staleFacts = createDeferred<CheckoutSnapshotFacts>();
+    const started = createDeferred<void>();
+    let holdNextRead = false;
+    const service = createService({
+      ...git.deps,
+      getCheckoutSnapshotFacts: async (cwd: string) => {
+        if (holdNextRead) {
+          holdNextRead = false;
+          started.resolve();
+          return staleFacts.promise;
+        }
+        return git.deps.getCheckoutSnapshotFacts(cwd);
+      },
+    });
+    const updates: WorkspaceGitRuntimeSnapshot[] = [];
+    const subscription = service.registerWorkspace({ cwd: workspace }, (snapshot) =>
+      updates.push(snapshot),
+    );
+    await waitForObservationToSettle(service, 1);
+    const cached = await service.getSnapshot(workspace);
+    holdNextRead = true;
+    const active = service.getSnapshot(workspace, {
+      force: true,
+      includeForge: false,
+      reason: "overlapping-refresh",
+    });
+    await started.promise;
+    await rm(workspace, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(5_000);
+    await settle(() => expect(service.getMetrics().repositoryWorkspaceLinkCount).toBe(0));
+    const updatesAtSuspension = updates.length;
+    await mkdir(workspace);
+    const restored = service.getSnapshot(workspace, {
+      force: true,
+      includeForge: false,
+      reason: "folder-returned",
+    });
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(0);
+    staleFacts.resolve({ isGit: false });
+    expect(await active).toEqual(cached);
+    expect((await restored).git.isGit).toBe(true);
+    expect(updates.slice(updatesAtSuspension).every((snapshot) => snapshot.git.isGit)).toBe(true);
+    await waitForObservationToSettle(service, 1);
+    subscription.unsubscribe();
+    await service.dispose();
+  });
+
+  test("workspaceFolderExists reports a missing folder and a path under a file as missing", async () => {
+    const folder = await createTemporaryFolder();
+    const file = join(folder, "file.txt");
+    await writeFile(file, "");
+
+    expect(await workspaceFolderExists(folder)).toBe(true);
+    expect(await workspaceFolderExists(join(folder, "missing"))).toBe(false);
+    expect(await workspaceFolderExists(join(file, "nested"))).toBe(false);
+  });
+});

packages/server/src/server/workspace-git-service.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { createHash } from "node:crypto";
-import { readFile } from "node:fs/promises";
+import { readFile, stat } from "node:fs/promises";
 import { basename, dirname, join, resolve } from "node:path";
 import { LRUCache } from "lru-cache";
 import { CheckoutDiffCache } from "./checkout-diff-cache.js";
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ import { checkoutLiteFromGitSnapshot } from "./workspace-registry-model.js";
 import { createWatcherLivenessCanary } from "./watcher-liveness-canary.js";
 
 const WORKSPACE_GIT_WATCH_DEBOUNCE_MS = 1_000;
-const BACKGROUND_GIT_FETCH_INTERVAL_MS = 180_000;
+export const BACKGROUND_GIT_FETCH_INTERVAL_MS = 180_000;
 const FETCH_METADATA_ECHO_TTL_MS = 5_000;
 export const WORKSPACE_GIT_OBSERVATION_REENSURE_INTERVAL_MS = 60_000;
 const FORGE_PR_STATUS_POLL_FAST_INTERVAL_MS = 20_000;
@@ -384,6 +384,7 @@ interface WorkspaceGitServiceDependencies {
   runGitCommand: typeof runGitCommand;
   getWorkspaceGitSelfHealPhaseMs: typeof getWorkspaceGitObservationReensurePhaseMs;
   createWatcherLivenessCanary: typeof createWatcherLivenessCanary;
+  workspaceFolderExists: (cwd: string) => Promise<boolean>;
   now: () => Date;
 }
 
@@ -435,6 +436,8 @@ interface WorkspaceGitTarget {
   repoGitRoot: string | null;
   observationSetupPromise: Promise<void> | null;
   observationSetupComplete: boolean;
+  folderMissing: boolean;
+  folderRestorePromise: Promise<void> | null;
   closed: boolean;
 }
 
@@ -571,10 +574,21 @@ function buildDefaultWorkspaceGitServiceDeps(
     runGitCommand,
     getWorkspaceGitSelfHealPhaseMs: getWorkspaceGitObservationReensurePhaseMs,
     createWatcherLivenessCanary,
+    workspaceFolderExists,
     now: () => new Date(),
   };
 }
 
+export async function workspaceFolderExists(cwd: string): Promise<boolean> {
+  try {
+    await stat(cwd);
+    return true;
+  } catch (error) {
+    const code = (error as NodeJS.ErrnoException).code;
+    return code !== "ENOENT" && code !== "ENOTDIR";
+  }
+}
+
 function resolveWorkspaceGitServiceDeps(
   subscribe: SubscribeToFileChanges,
   deps: Partial<WorkspaceGitServiceDependencies> | undefined,
@@ -660,6 +674,9 @@ export class WorkspaceGitServiceImpl implements WorkspaceGitService {
     const cwd = resolve(params.cwd);
     const target = this.ensureWorkspaceTarget(cwd);
     target.listeners.add(listener);
+    if (target.folderMissing) {
+      void this.resumeWorkspaceIfFolderRestored(target);
+    }
     if (target.listeners.size === 1) {
       this.startWorkspaceSubscriptionTimers(target);
     }
@@ -751,6 +768,9 @@ export class WorkspaceGitServiceImpl implements WorkspaceGitService {
     if (!request.force && target.latestSnapshot) {
       return target.latestSnapshot;
     }
+    if (target.folderMissing) {
+      await this.resumeWorkspaceIfFolderRestored(target);
+    }
 
     return this.requestWorkspaceSnapshot(target, request);
   }
@@ -972,6 +992,9 @@ export class WorkspaceGitServiceImpl implements WorkspaceGitService {
     this.assertNotDisposed();
     cwd = resolve(cwd);
     const target = this.ensureWorkspaceTarget(cwd);
+    if (target.folderMissing) {
+      await this.resumeWorkspaceIfFolderRestored(target);
+    }
     await this.refreshWorkspaceTarget(target, {
       force: false,
       refreshStructure: true,
@@ -1005,9 +1028,14 @@ export class WorkspaceGitServiceImpl implements WorkspaceGitService {
     this.assertNotDisposed();
     cwd = resolve(cwd);
     const target = this.workspaceTargets.get(cwd);
-    if (target) {
-      this.scheduleWorkspaceRefresh(target, { queueIfBusy: false });
+    if (!target) {
+      return;
     }
+    if (target.folderMissing) {
+      void this.resumeWorkspaceIfFolderRestored(target);
+      return;
+    }
+    this.scheduleWorkspaceRefresh(target, { queueIfBusy: false });
   }
 
   onWorkspaceStateMayHaveChanged(cwd: string): void {
@@ -1018,6 +1046,10 @@ export class WorkspaceGitServiceImpl implements WorkspaceGitService {
       return;
     }
     this.invalidateForge(normalizedCwd);
+    if (target.folderMissing) {
+      void this.resumeWorkspaceIfFolderRestored(target);
+      return;
+    }
     this.scheduleWorkspaceRefresh(target, {
       force: true,
       includeForge: true,
@@ -1227,6 +1259,8 @@ export class WorkspaceGitServiceImpl implements WorkspaceGitService {
       repoGitRoot: null,
       observationSetupPromise: null,
       observationSetupComplete: false,
+      folderMissing: false,
+      folderRestorePromise: null,
       closed: false,
     };
 
@@ -1358,6 +1392,7 @@ export class WorkspaceGitServiceImpl implements WorkspaceGitService {
   private isActiveObservedWorkspaceTarget(target: WorkspaceGitTarget): boolean {
     return (
       !target.closed &&
+      !target.folderMissing &&
       target.listeners.size > 0 &&
       this.workspaceTargets.get(target.cwd) === target
     );
@@ -1612,11 +1647,110 @@ export class WorkspaceGitServiceImpl implements WorkspaceGitService {
     workspaceTarget: WorkspaceGitTarget,
     request: WorkspaceGitRefreshRequest,
   ): Promise<boolean> {
+    if (await this.suspendWorkspaceIfFolderMissing(workspaceTarget)) {
+      return false;
+    }
     const fingerprintBefore = workspaceTarget.latestFingerprint;
     await this.refreshWorkspaceTarget(workspaceTarget, request);
     return workspaceTarget.latestFingerprint !== fingerprintBefore;
   }
 
+  private async suspendWorkspaceIfFolderMissing(target: WorkspaceGitTarget): Promise<boolean> {
+    if (target.folderMissing) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (await this.deps.workspaceFolderExists(target.cwd)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    this.suspendWorkspaceWithMissingFolder(target);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  private suspendWorkspaceWithMissingFolder(target: WorkspaceGitTarget): void {
+    if (target.folderMissing || target.closed || this.workspaceTargets.get(target.cwd) !== target) {
+      return;
+    }
+    target.folderMissing = true;
+    if (target.refreshState.status === "in-flight") {
+      target.refreshState.queued = null;
+    }
+    this.detachWorkspaceFromRepoTarget(target);
+    target.repoGitRoot = null;
+    this.stopWorkspaceObservation(target);
+    target.observationSetupComplete = false;
+    this.scheduleMissingFolderProbe(target);
+    this.logger.warn(
+      { cwd: target.cwd },
+      "Workspace folder no longer exists; suspended git observation until it is back",
+    );
+  }
+
+  private isSuspendedWorkspaceTarget(target: WorkspaceGitTarget): boolean {
+    return (
+      target.folderMissing && !target.closed && this.workspaceTargets.get(target.cwd) === target
+    );
+  }
+
+  private scheduleMissingFolderProbe(target: WorkspaceGitTarget): void {
+    if (
+      !this.isSuspendedWorkspaceTarget(target) ||
+      target.observationReensureTimer ||
+      target.folderRestorePromise
+    ) {
+      return;
+    }
+    target.observationReensureTimer = setTimeout(() => {
+      target.observationReensureTimer = null;
+      void this.resumeWorkspaceIfFolderRestored(target);
+    }, WORKSPACE_GIT_OBSERVATION_REENSURE_INTERVAL_MS);
+  }
+
+  private resumeWorkspaceIfFolderRestored(target: WorkspaceGitTarget): Promise<void> {
+    if (!target.folderMissing) {
+      return Promise.resolve();
+    }
+    target.folderRestorePromise ??= this.resumeWorkspaceWithRestoredFolder(target).finally(() => {
+      target.folderRestorePromise = null;
+      this.scheduleMissingFolderProbe(target);
+    });
+    return target.folderRestorePromise;
+  }
+
+  private async resumeWorkspaceWithRestoredFolder(target: WorkspaceGitTarget): Promise<void> {
+    if (!(await this.deps.workspaceFolderExists(target.cwd))) {
+      return;
+    }
+    await target.observationSetupPromise;
+    if (target.refreshState.status === "in-flight") {
+      await target.refreshState.promise.catch(() => undefined);
+    }
+    if (!this.isSuspendedWorkspaceTarget(target)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    target.latestFacts = null;
+    target.folderMissing = false;
+    await this.refreshWorkspaceTarget(target, {
+      force: false,
+      refreshStructure: true,
+      refreshWorktree: true,
+      includeForge: false,
+      reason: "workspace-folder-restored",
+      queueIfBusy: true,
+      movedRemoteRefs: new Set(),
+    });
+    if (target.closed || this.workspaceTargets.get(target.cwd) !== target) {
+      return;
+    }
+    target.observationSetupComplete = false;
+    if (target.observationReensureTimer) {
+      clearTimeout(target.observationReensureTimer);
+      target.observationReensureTimer = null;
+    }
+    this.logger.info({ cwd: target.cwd }, "Workspace folder is back; resumed git observation");
+    this.startWorkspaceSubscriptionTimers(target);
+    this.scheduleWorkspaceObservationSetup(target);
+  }
+
   private startWorkingTreeWatchFallback(
     target: WorkingTreeWatchTarget,
     reason: WorkingTreeWatchFallbackReason,
@@ -1654,7 +1788,9 @@ export class WorkspaceGitServiceImpl implements WorkspaceGitService {
           return changed;
         }),
       );
-      this.notifyWorkingTreeConsumers(target);
+      if (await this.deps.workspaceFolderExists(target.watchPath)) {
+        this.notifyWorkingTreeConsumers(target);
+      }
       if (!target.closed && (target.subscription === null || target.repoRoot === null)) {
         target.fallbackPollQuietTickCount = changes.some(Boolean)
           ? 0
@@ -1731,6 +1867,10 @@ export class WorkspaceGitServiceImpl implements WorkspaceGitService {
     if (target.closed || target.subscription) {
       return;
     }
+    if (!(await this.deps.workspaceFolderExists(target.watchPath))) {
+      this.scheduleWorkingTreeWatchRecovery(target);
+      return;
+    }
     await this.refreshWorkingTreeIgnoredDirectories(target);
     if (target.closed || target.subscription) {
       return;
@@ -2786,7 +2926,7 @@ export class WorkspaceGitServiceImpl implements WorkspaceGitService {
   }
 
   private updateForgePrStatusPollForTarget(target: WorkspaceGitTarget): void {
-    if (target.listeners.size === 0) {
+    if (!this.isActiveObservedWorkspaceTarget(target)) {
       this.stopForgePrStatusPollForTarget(target);
       return;
     }
@@ -3049,6 +3189,9 @@ export class WorkspaceGitServiceImpl implements WorkspaceGitService {
     target: WorkspaceGitTarget,
     request: WorkspaceGitRefreshRequest,
   ): Promise<WorkspaceGitRuntimeSnapshot> {
+    if (target.folderMissing) {
+      return Promise.resolve(target.latestSnapshot ?? buildNotGitSnapshot(target.cwd));
+    }
     if (target.refreshState.status === "in-flight") {
       const active = target.refreshState.request;
       const addsWork =
@@ -3191,11 +3334,19 @@ export class WorkspaceGitServiceImpl implements WorkspaceGitService {
       try {
         const runRefreshGitCommand = createRunGitCommand(`workspace-refresh:${request.reason}`);
         const admittedSnapshot = await this.workspaceRefreshLimit(() => {
-          if (target.closed || this.workspaceTargets.get(target.cwd) !== target) {
+          if (
+            target.closed ||
+            target.folderMissing ||
+            this.workspaceTargets.get(target.cwd) !== target
+          ) {
             return null;
           }
           return this.refreshSnapshot(target, request, runRefreshGitCommand);
         });
+        if (target.folderMissing) {
+          failure = null;
+          break;
+        }
         if (!admittedSnapshot) {
           break;
         }
@@ -3209,6 +3360,10 @@ export class WorkspaceGitServiceImpl implements WorkspaceGitService {
         failure = { error };
       }
 
+      if (target.folderMissing) {
+        failure = null;
+        break;
+      }
       if (this.disposed || target.closed || this.workspaceTargets.get(target.cwd) !== target) {
         break;
       }
@@ -3504,7 +3659,7 @@ export class WorkspaceGitServiceImpl implements WorkspaceGitService {
     snapshot: WorkspaceGitRuntimeSnapshot,
     options?: { forceEmit?: boolean },
   ): void {
-    if (target.closed || this.workspaceTargets.get(target.cwd) !== target) {
+    if (target.closed || target.folderMissing || this.workspaceTargets.get(target.cwd) !== target) {
       return;
     }
     target.latestSnapshot = snapshot;
@@ -3660,21 +3815,25 @@ export class WorkspaceGitServiceImpl implements WorkspaceGitService {
   }
 
   private removeWorkspaceTarget(target: WorkspaceGitTarget): void {
-    if (target.repoGitRoot) {
-      const repoTarget = this.repoTargets.get(target.repoGitRoot);
-      repoTarget?.workspaceKeys.delete(target.cwd);
-      if (repoTarget && repoTarget.workspaceKeys.size === 0) {
-        this.closeRepoTarget(repoTarget);
-        this.repoTargets.delete(target.repoGitRoot);
-      } else if (repoTarget?.cwd === target.cwd) {
-        repoTarget.cwd = repoTarget.workspaceKeys.values().next().value ?? repoTarget.cwd;
-      }
-    }
-
+    this.detachWorkspaceFromRepoTarget(target);
     this.closeWorkspaceTarget(target);
     this.workspaceTargets.delete(target.cwd);
   }
 
+  private detachWorkspaceFromRepoTarget(target: WorkspaceGitTarget): void {
+    if (!target.repoGitRoot) {
+      return;
+    }
+    const repoTarget = this.repoTargets.get(target.repoGitRoot);
+    repoTarget?.workspaceKeys.delete(target.cwd);
+    if (repoTarget && repoTarget.workspaceKeys.size === 0) {
+      this.closeRepoTarget(repoTarget);
+      this.repoTargets.delete(target.repoGitRoot);
+    } else if (repoTarget?.cwd === target.cwd) {
+      repoTarget.cwd = repoTarget.workspaceKeys.values().next().value ?? repoTarget.cwd;
+    }
+  }
+
   private removeWorkingTreeWatchListener(cwd: string, listener: () => void): void {
     const target = this.workingTreeWatchTargets.get(cwd);
     if (!target) {
@@ -3719,6 +3878,11 @@ export class WorkspaceGitServiceImpl implements WorkspaceGitService {
 
   private closeWorkspaceTarget(target: WorkspaceGitTarget): void {
     target.closed = true;
+    this.stopWorkspaceObservation(target);
+    target.listeners.clear();
+  }
+
+  private stopWorkspaceObservation(target: WorkspaceGitTarget): void {
     if (target.workingTreeWatchTarget) {
       this.removeWorkspaceWorkingTreeLink(target.workingTreeWatchTarget, target.cwd);
       target.workingTreeWatchTarget = null;
@@ -3727,12 +3891,12 @@ export class WorkspaceGitServiceImpl implements WorkspaceGitService {
       clearTimeout(target.debounceTimer);
       target.debounceTimer = null;
     }
+    target.pendingDebounceRequest = null;
     if (target.observationReensureTimer) {
       clearTimeout(target.observationReensureTimer);
       target.observationReensureTimer = null;
     }
     this.stopForgePrStatusPollForTarget(target);
-    target.listeners.clear();
   }
 
   private closeWorkingTreeWatchTarget(target: WorkingTreeWatchTarget): void {

packages/server/src/terminal/terminal-worker-runtime.test.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { afterEach, describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
 import {
+  chmodSync,
   existsSync,
   mkdirSync,
   mkdtempSync,
@@ -54,6 +55,7 @@ function makeSources(bundleSource = "export {};\n"): {
   mkdirSync(native, { recursive: true });
   writeFileSync(path.join(native, "pty.node"), "native");
   writeFileSync(path.join(native, "spawn-helper"), "#!/bin/sh\n", { mode: 0o755 });
+  chmodSync(path.join(native, "spawn-helper"), 0o755);
   // Another platform's build is not copied.
   mkdirSync(path.join(nodePtyDirectory, "prebuilds", "other-platform"));
   return { bundleDirectory, nodePtyDirectory };