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zopu-code/repos/effect-smol/packages/effect/src/Schedule.ts
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TypeScript

/**
* Describes policies for retrying, repeating, and pacing Effect programs.
*
* A `Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env>` is stepped with an input value. Each
* step either stops or produces an output together with the delay before the
* next step. Schedules are used by retry, repeat, stream, and channel APIs to
* decide when work should continue, how long to wait, and when to stop.
*
* @since 2.0.0
*/
import type { NonEmptyReadonlyArray } from "./Array.ts"
import * as Cause from "./Cause.ts"
import * as Context from "./Context.ts"
import * as Cron from "./Cron.ts"
import type * as DateTime from "./DateTime.ts"
import * as Duration from "./Duration.ts"
import type { Effect } from "./Effect.ts"
import { constant, dual, identity } from "./Function.ts"
import { isEffect } from "./internal/core.ts"
import * as effect from "./internal/effect.ts"
import * as random from "./internal/random.ts"
import { type Pipeable, pipeArguments } from "./Pipeable.ts"
import { hasProperty } from "./Predicate.ts"
import * as Pull from "./Pull.ts"
import * as Result from "./Result.ts"
import type { Contravariant, Covariant, Mutable, UnionToIntersection } from "./Types.ts"
const TypeId = "~effect/Schedule"
const randomNext: Effect<number> = random.Random.useSync((random) => random.nextDoubleUnsafe())
/**
* A Schedule defines a strategy for repeating or retrying effects based on some policy.
*
* **Example** (Defining retry and repeat schedules)
*
* ```ts
* import { Console, Data, Effect, Schedule } from "effect"
*
* class NetworkError extends Data.TaggedError("NetworkError")<{
* readonly attempt: number
* }> {}
*
* // Basic retry schedule - retry up to 3 times with exponential backoff
* const retrySchedule = Schedule.max([
* Schedule.exponential("100 millis"),
* Schedule.recurs(3)
* ])
*
* // Basic repeat schedule - repeat every 30 seconds forever
* const repeatSchedule: Schedule.Schedule<number, unknown, never> = Schedule
* .spaced("30 seconds")
*
* const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
* let attempts = 0
*
* const result1 = yield* Effect.retry(
* Effect.gen(function*() {
* attempts++
* if (attempts < 3) {
* return yield* Effect.fail(new NetworkError({ attempt: attempts }))
* }
* return "Success"
* }),
* retrySchedule
* )
* console.log(result1) // "Success"
*
* yield* Console.log("heartbeat").pipe(
* Effect.repeat(repeatSchedule.pipe(Schedule.upTo({ times: 5 })))
* )
* })
* ```
*
* @category models
* @since 2.0.0
*/
export interface Schedule<out Output, in Input = unknown, out Error = never, out Env = never>
extends Schedule.Variance<Output, Input, Error, Env>, Pipeable
{}
/**
* Metadata provided to schedule functions containing timing and input information.
*
* @category metadata
* @since 4.0.0
*/
export interface InputMetadata<Input> {
readonly input: Input
readonly attempt: number
readonly start: number
readonly now: number
readonly elapsed: number
readonly elapsedSincePrevious: number
}
/**
* Extended metadata that includes both input metadata and the output value from the schedule.
*
* @category metadata
* @since 4.0.0
*/
export interface Metadata<Output = unknown, Input = unknown> extends InputMetadata<Input> {
readonly output: Output
readonly duration: Duration.Duration
}
/**
* Context reference containing metadata for the currently running schedule step.
*
* **Details**
*
* Repeat, retry, stream, and channel scheduling operations provide this service
* to effects run between schedule steps. The default value contains undefined
* input and output values, zero duration, and zeroed timing fields before any
* schedule step has produced metadata.
*
* @category metadata
* @since 4.0.0
*/
export const CurrentMetadata = Context.Reference<Metadata>("effect/Schedule/CurrentMetadata", {
defaultValue: constant({
input: undefined,
output: undefined,
duration: Duration.zero,
attempt: 0,
start: 0,
now: 0,
elapsed: 0,
elapsedSincePrevious: 0
})
})
/**
* The Schedule namespace contains types and utilities for working with schedules.
*
* @since 2.0.0
*/
export declare namespace Schedule {
/**
* Variance interface that defines the type parameter relationships for Schedule.
*
* **Example** (Understanding schedule variance)
*
* ```ts
* import { Effect, Schedule } from "effect"
*
* // Understanding Schedule variance:
* // - Output: covariant (can be a subtype)
* // - Input: contravariant (can accept supertypes)
* // - Error: covariant (can be a subtype)
* // - Env: covariant (can be a subtype)
*
* // Schedule that produces strings, accepts any input
* const stringSchedule = Schedule.spaced("1 second").pipe(
* Schedule.map(() => Effect.succeed("tick"))
* )
*
* // Schedule that only accepts Error inputs
* const errorSchedule = Schedule.exponential("100 millis").pipe(
* Schedule.upTo({ times: 5 })
* )
*
* // Schedule requiring a service environment
* const serviceSchedule = Schedule.spaced("5 seconds")
* ```
*
* @category models
* @since 2.0.0
*/
export interface Variance<out Output, in Input, out Error, out Env> {
readonly [TypeId]: VarianceStruct<Output, Input, Error, Env>
}
/**
* Type-level marker used by `Schedule.Variance` to record the variance of
* `Schedule` type parameters.
*
* **Details**
*
* This interface exists for TypeScript inference and assignability. Users
* normally do not construct or inspect it directly.
*
* @category models
* @since 4.0.0
*/
export interface VarianceStruct<out Output, in Input, out Error, out Env> {
readonly _Out: Covariant<Output>
readonly _In: Contravariant<Input>
readonly _Error: Covariant<Error>
readonly _Env: Covariant<Env>
}
}
/**
* Extracts the output type from a `Schedule`.
*
* @category type extractors
* @since 4.0.0
*/
export type Output<S> = S extends Schedule<infer Output, any, any, any> ? Output : never
/**
* Extracts the input type from a `Schedule`.
*
* @category type extractors
* @since 4.0.0
*/
export type Input<S> = S extends Schedule<any, infer Input, any, any> ? Input : never
/**
* Extracts the error type from a `Schedule`.
*
* @category type extractors
* @since 4.0.0
*/
export type Error<S> = S extends Schedule<any, any, infer Error, any> ? Error : never
/**
* Extracts the service requirements from a `Schedule`.
*
* @category type extractors
* @since 4.0.0
*/
export type Env<S> = S extends Schedule<any, any, any, infer Env> ? Env : never
const ScheduleProto = {
[TypeId]: {
_Out: identity,
_In: identity,
_Env: identity
},
pipe() {
return pipeArguments(this, arguments)
}
}
/**
* Type guard that checks if a value is a Schedule.
*
* **Example** (Checking for schedules)
*
* ```ts
* import { Schedule } from "effect"
*
* const schedule = Schedule.exponential("100 millis")
* const notSchedule = { foo: "bar" }
*
* console.log(Schedule.isSchedule(schedule)) // true
* console.log(Schedule.isSchedule(notSchedule)) // false
* console.log(Schedule.isSchedule(null)) // false
* console.log(Schedule.isSchedule(undefined)) // false
* ```
*
* @category guards
* @since 2.0.0
*/
export const isSchedule = (u: unknown): u is Schedule<unknown, never, unknown, unknown> => hasProperty(u, TypeId)
/**
* Creates a Schedule from a step function that returns a Pull.
*
* **Example** (Creating a custom schedule from a step function)
*
* ```ts
* import { Cause, Duration, Effect, Schedule } from "effect"
*
* const schedule = Schedule.fromStep(Effect.sync(() => {
* let count = 0
*
* return (_now: number, _input: string) => {
* if (count >= 3) {
* return Cause.done(count)
* }
* return Effect.succeed([count++, Duration.millis(100)] as [number, Duration.Duration])
* }
* }))
* ```
*
* @category constructors
* @since 4.0.0
*/
export const fromStep = <Input, Output, EnvX, Error, ErrorX, Env>(
step: Effect<
(now: number, input: Input) => Pull.Pull<[Output, Duration.Duration], ErrorX, Output, EnvX>,
Error,
Env
>
): Schedule<Output, Input, Error | Pull.ExcludeDone<ErrorX>, Env | EnvX> => {
const self = Object.create(ScheduleProto)
self.step = step
return self
}
const metadataFn = () => {
let n = 0
let previous: number | undefined
let start: number | undefined
return <In>(now: number, input: In): InputMetadata<In> => {
if (start === undefined) start = now
const elapsed = now - start
const elapsedSincePrevious = previous === undefined ? 0 : now - previous
previous = now
return { input, attempt: ++n, start, now, elapsed, elapsedSincePrevious }
}
}
/**
* Creates a Schedule from a step function that receives metadata about the schedule's execution.
*
* **Example** (Creating a metadata-aware schedule)
*
* ```ts
* import { Cause, Duration, Effect, Schedule } from "effect"
*
* const firstThreeInputs = Schedule.fromStepWithMetadata(Effect.succeed((metadata: Schedule.InputMetadata<string>) => {
* if (metadata.attempt > 3) {
* return Cause.done("finished")
* }
*
* return Effect.succeed([
* `attempt ${metadata.attempt}: ${metadata.input}`,
* Duration.millis(250)
* ] as [string, Duration.Duration])
* }))
* ```
*
* @category constructors
* @since 4.0.0
*/
export const fromStepWithMetadata = <Input, Output, EnvX, ErrorX, Error, Env>(
step: Effect<
(options: InputMetadata<Input>) => Pull.Pull<[Output, Duration.Duration], ErrorX, Output, EnvX>,
Error,
Env
>
): Schedule<Output, Input, Error | Pull.ExcludeDone<ErrorX>, Env | EnvX> =>
fromStep(effect.map(step, (f) => {
const meta = metadataFn()
return (now, input) => f(meta(now, input))
}))
/**
* Extracts the step function from a Schedule.
*
* **Example** (Extracting a schedule step function)
*
* ```ts
* import { Effect, Schedule } from "effect"
*
* // Extract step function from an existing schedule
* const schedule = Schedule.exponential("100 millis").pipe(Schedule.upTo({ times: 3 }))
*
* const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
* const stepFn = yield* Schedule.toStep(schedule)
*
* // Use the step function directly for custom logic. The timestamp is
* // supplied by the caller, so tests can pass a deterministic value.
* const now = 0
* const result = yield* stepFn(now, "input")
*
* console.log(`Step result: ${result}`)
* })
* ```
*
* @category destructors
* @since 4.0.0
*/
export const toStep = <Output, Input, Error, Env>(
schedule: Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env>
): Effect<
(now: number, input: Input) => Pull.Pull<[Output, Duration.Duration], Error, Output, Env>,
never,
Env
> =>
effect.catchCause(
(schedule as any).step,
(cause) => effect.succeed(() => effect.failCause(cause) as any)
)
/**
* Extracts a step function from a `Schedule` that sleeps for each computed
* delay and returns metadata for the completed step.
*
* **When to use**
*
* Use to drive a schedule manually while preserving the computed output,
* delay, input, attempt, and elapsed timing metadata for each step.
*
* **Details**
*
* The returned step reads the current time from `Clock` when invoked, calls the
* schedule step with that timestamp and input, sleeps for the returned
* duration, and then yields `Metadata`.
*
* @see {@link toStep} for manually supplying the timestamp and handling the returned delay yourself
* @see {@link toStepWithSleep} for the same automatic sleeping behavior when only the schedule output is needed
*
* @category destructors
* @since 4.0.0
*/
export const toStepWithMetadata = <Output, Input, Error, Env>(
schedule: Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env>
): Effect<
(input: Input) => Pull.Pull<Metadata<Output, Input>, Error, Output, Env>,
never,
Env
> =>
effect.clockWith((clock) =>
effect.map(
toStep(schedule),
(step) => {
const metaFn = metadataFn()
return (input) =>
effect.suspend(() => {
const now = clock.currentTimeMillisUnsafe()
return effect.flatMap(
step(now, input),
([output, duration]) => {
const meta = metaFn(now, input) as Mutable<Metadata<Output, Input>>
meta.output = output
meta.duration = duration
return effect.as(effect.sleep(duration), meta)
}
)
})
}
)
)
/**
* Extracts a step function from a Schedule that automatically handles sleep delays.
*
* **Example** (Extracting a sleeping step function)
*
* ```ts
* import { Effect, Schedule } from "effect"
*
* // Convert schedule to step function with automatic sleeping
* const schedule = Schedule.spaced("1 second").pipe(Schedule.upTo({ times: 3 }))
*
* const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
* const stepWithSleep = yield* Schedule.toStepWithSleep(schedule)
*
* // Each call will automatically sleep for the scheduled delay
* console.log("Starting...")
* const result1 = yield* stepWithSleep("first")
* console.log(`First result: ${result1}`)
*
* const result2 = yield* stepWithSleep("second")
* console.log(`Second result: ${result2}`)
*
* const result3 = yield* stepWithSleep("third")
* console.log(`Third result: ${result3}`)
* })
* ```
*
* @category destructors
* @since 4.0.0
*/
export const toStepWithSleep = <Output, Input, Error, Env>(
schedule: Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env>
): Effect<
(input: Input) => Pull.Pull<Output, Error, Output, Env>,
never,
Env
> =>
effect.map(
toStepWithMetadata(schedule),
(step) => (input) => effect.map(step(input), (meta) => meta.output)
)
/**
* Returns a new `Schedule` that adds the delay computed by the specified
* effectful function to the next recurrence of the schedule.
*
* **Example** (Adding extra delay to a schedule)
*
* ```ts
* import { Console, Data, Duration, Effect, Schedule } from "effect"
*
* class RetryAttemptError extends Data.TaggedError("RetryAttemptError")<{ readonly message: string }> {}
*
* // Add a deterministic extra delay based on the schedule metadata
* const delayedSchedule = Schedule.addDelay(
* Schedule.exponential("100 millis").pipe(Schedule.upTo({ times: 5 })),
* ({ output }) =>
* Effect.succeed(Duration.millis(Duration.toMillis(output) * 0.25))
* )
*
* const repeatProgram = Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Effect.repeat(
* Effect.succeed("delayed task"),
* delayedSchedule.pipe(
* Schedule.tap(({ output: delay }) =>
* Console.log(`Base delay: ${delay}`)
* )
* )
* )
* })
*
* // Add adaptive delay based on execution count
* const adaptiveSchedule = Schedule.addDelay(
* Schedule.recurs(6),
* ({ output: executionCount }) =>
* // Increase delay as execution count grows
* Effect.succeed(Duration.millis(executionCount * 200))
* )
*
* const adaptiveProgram = Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Effect.repeat(
* Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Console.log("Adaptive delay task")
* return "adaptive"
* }),
* adaptiveSchedule.pipe(
* Schedule.tap(({ output: count }) =>
* Console.log(`Execution ${count + 1} with adaptive delay`)
* )
* )
* )
* })
*
* // Add effectful delay computation from deterministic service data
* const loadByExecution = [1, 3, 2, 4] as const
*
* const dynamicSchedule = Schedule.addDelay(
* Schedule.spaced("1 second").pipe(Schedule.upTo({ times: 4 })),
* ({ output: executionNumber }) => {
* const load = loadByExecution[executionNumber] ?? 1
* return Effect.succeed(Duration.millis(load * 100))
* }
* )
*
* const dynamicProgram = Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Effect.repeat(
* Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Console.log("Dynamic delay task")
* return "dynamic"
* }),
* dynamicSchedule
* )
* })
*
* // Combine with retry for progressive backoff
* const progressiveRetrySchedule = Schedule.addDelay(
* Schedule.exponential("50 millis").pipe(Schedule.upTo({ times: 4 })),
* () => Effect.succeed(Duration.millis(100)) // Fixed additional delay
* )
*
* const retryProgram = Effect.gen(function*() {
* let attempt = 0
*
* const result = yield* Effect.retry(
* Effect.gen(function*() {
* attempt++
* if (attempt < 5) {
* return yield* Effect.fail(new RetryAttemptError({ message: `Attempt ${attempt} failed` }))
* }
* return `Success on attempt ${attempt}`
* }),
* progressiveRetrySchedule
* )
*
* yield* Console.log(`Final result: ${result}`)
* })
* ```
*
* @category delays & timeouts
* @since 2.0.0
*/
export const addDelay: {
<Output, Input, Error2 = never, Env2 = never>(
f: (metadata: Metadata<Output, Input>) => Effect<Duration.Input, Error2, Env2>
): <Error, Env>(
self: Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env>
) => Schedule<Output, Input, Error | Error2, Env | Env2>
<Output, Input, Error, Env, Error2 = never, Env2 = never>(
self: Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env>,
f: (metadata: Metadata<Output, Input>) => Effect<Duration.Input, Error2, Env2>
): Schedule<Output, Input, Error | Error2, Env | Env2>
} = dual(2, <Output, Input, Error, Env, Error2 = never, Env2 = never>(
self: Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env>,
f: (metadata: Metadata<Output, Input>) => Effect<Duration.Input, Error2, Env2>
): Schedule<Output, Input, Error | Error2, Env | Env2> =>
modifyDelay(
self,
(metadata) => effect.map(f(metadata), (d) => Duration.sum(Duration.fromInputUnsafe(d), metadata.duration))
))
/**
* Returns a schedule that runs `self` to completion, then runs `other`, and
* merges their outputs.
*
* **Example** (Sequencing quick and slow retries)
*
* ```ts
* import { Console, Data, Effect, Schedule } from "effect"
*
* class RetryAttemptError extends Data.TaggedError("RetryAttemptError")<{ readonly message: string }> {}
*
* // First retry 3 times quickly, then switch to slower retries
* const quickRetries = Schedule.exponential("100 millis").pipe(
* Schedule.upTo({ times: 3 })
* )
* const slowRetries = Schedule.exponential("1 second").pipe(
* Schedule.upTo({ times: 2 })
* )
*
* const combinedRetries = Schedule.andThen(quickRetries, slowRetries)
*
* const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
* let attempt = 0
* yield* Effect.retry(
* Effect.gen(function*() {
* attempt++
* yield* Console.log(`Attempt ${attempt}`)
* if (attempt < 6) {
* return yield* Effect.fail(new RetryAttemptError({ message: `Failure ${attempt}` }))
* }
* return `Success on attempt ${attempt}`
* }),
* combinedRetries
* )
* })
* ```
*
* @category sequencing
* @since 2.0.0
*/
export const andThen: {
<Output2, Input2, Error2, Env2>(
other: Schedule<Output2, Input2, Error2, Env2>
): <Output, Input, Error, Env>(
self: Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env>
) => Schedule<Output | Output2, Input & Input2, Error | Error2, Env | Env2>
<Output, Input, Error, Env, Output2, Input2, Error2, Env2>(
self: Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env>,
other: Schedule<Output2, Input2, Error2, Env2>
): Schedule<Output | Output2, Input & Input2, Error | Error2, Env | Env2>
} = dual(2, <Output, Input, Error, Env, Output2, Input2, Error2, Env2>(
self: Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env>,
other: Schedule<Output2, Input2, Error2, Env2>
): Schedule<Output | Output2, Input & Input2, Error | Error2, Env | Env2> =>
map(andThenResult(self, other), ({ output }) => effect.succeed(Result.merge(output))))
/**
* Returns a schedule that runs `self` to completion, then runs `other`, and
* preserves which schedule produced each output.
*
* **Details**
*
* The resulting schedule emits a `Result` to indicate which phase produced
* each output: outputs from `self` are emitted as `Failure`, and outputs from
* `other` are emitted as `Success`.
*
* **Example** (Tracking sequential schedule phases)
*
* ```ts
* import { Console, Effect, Result, Schedule } from "effect"
*
* // Track which phase of the schedule we're in
* const phaseTracker = Schedule.andThenResult(
* Schedule.exponential("100 millis").pipe(Schedule.upTo({ times: 2 })),
* Schedule.spaced("500 millis").pipe(Schedule.upTo({ times: 2 }))
* )
*
* const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Effect.repeat(
* Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Console.log("Task executed")
* return "task-result"
* }),
* phaseTracker.pipe(
* Schedule.tap(({ output: result }) =>
* Result.match(result, {
* onFailure: (phase1Output) => Console.log(`Phase 1: ${phase1Output}`),
* onSuccess: (phase2Output) => Console.log(`Phase 2: ${phase2Output}`)
* })
* )
* )
* )
* })
* ```
*
* @category sequencing
* @since 4.0.0
*/
export const andThenResult: {
<Output2, Input2, Error2, Env2>(
other: Schedule<Output2, Input2, Error2, Env2>
): <Output, Input, Error, Env>(
self: Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env>
) => Schedule<Result.Result<Output2, Output>, Input & Input2, Error | Error2, Env | Env2>
<Output, Input, Error, Env, Output2, Input2, Error2, Env2>(
self: Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env>,
other: Schedule<Output2, Input2, Error2, Env2>
): Schedule<Result.Result<Output2, Output>, Input & Input2, Error | Error2, Env | Env2>
} = dual(2, <Output, Input, Error, Env, Output2, Input2, Error2, Env2>(
self: Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env>,
other: Schedule<Output2, Input2, Error2, Env2>
): Schedule<Result.Result<Output2, Output>, Input & Input2, Error | Error2, Env | Env2> =>
fromStep(effect.sync(() => {
let currentSide = 0
let currentStep:
| undefined
| ((now: number, input: Input & Input2) => Pull.Pull<
[Result.Result<Output2, Output>, Duration.Duration],
Error | Error2,
Result.Result<Output2, Output>,
Env | Env2
>)
const left = map(self, ({ output }) => Result.fail(output))
const right = map(other, ({ output }) => Result.succeed(output))
return function recur(
now,
input
): Pull.Pull<
[Result.Result<Output2, Output>, Duration.Duration],
Error | Error2,
Result.Result<Output2, Output>,
Env | Env2
> {
if (currentStep) return currentStep(now, input)
return toStep<
Result.Result<Output2, Output>,
Input & Input2,
Error | Error2,
Env | Env2
>(currentSide === 0 ? left : right).pipe(
effect.flatMap((step) => {
currentSide++
if (currentSide === 1) {
currentStep = (now, input) =>
Pull.catchDone(step(now, input), (_) => {
currentStep = undefined
return recur(now, input)
})
return currentStep(now, input)
}
currentStep = step
return currentStep(now, input)
})
)
}
})))
/**
* Combines schedules by recurring while all schedules want to recur, using the
* maximum delay between recurrences and outputting that maximum delay.
*
* **When to use**
*
* Use when a combined policy should continue only while every schedule still
* recurs, and should wait for the slowest schedule between recurrences.
*
* **Example** (Combining retry schedules by their maximum delay)
*
* ```ts
* import { Console, Data, Effect, Schedule } from "effect"
*
* class RetryAttemptError extends Data.TaggedError("RetryAttemptError")<{ readonly message: string }> {}
*
* const retrySchedule = Schedule.max([
* Schedule.fixed("5 seconds"),
* Schedule.exponential("5 seconds"),
* Schedule.spaced("10 seconds")
* ])
*
* const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
* let attempt = 0
*
* yield* Effect.retry(
* Effect.gen(function*() {
* attempt++
* yield* Console.log(`Retry attempt ${attempt}`)
* if (attempt < 3) {
* return yield* Effect.fail(new RetryAttemptError({ message: `Attempt ${attempt} failed` }))
* }
* return "success"
* }),
* retrySchedule.pipe(
* Schedule.tap(({ output: duration }) =>
* Console.log(`Waiting for the slowest schedule: ${duration}`)
* )
* )
* )
* })
* ```
*
* @category combining
* @since 4.0.0
*/
export const max = <
const Schedules extends NonEmptyReadonlyArray<
Schedule<any, any, any, any>
>
>(
schedules: Schedules
): Schedule<
Duration.Duration,
UnionToIntersection<
Input<Schedules[number]>
>,
Error<Schedules[number]>,
Env<Schedules[number]>
> =>
fromStep(effect.map(
effect.all(schedules.map(toStep)),
(steps) => (now, input) =>
effect.flatMap(
effect.forEach(steps, (step) =>
Pull.matchEffect(step(now, input as never), {
onSuccess: (result) => effect.succeed(result[1]),
onDone: () => effect.undefined,
onFailure: effect.failCause
})),
(results) => {
const duration = maxDuration(results)
if (duration === undefined) {
return Cause.done(Duration.zero)
}
return effect.succeed([duration, duration] as [Duration.Duration, Duration.Duration])
}
)
))
const maxDuration = (results: ReadonlyArray<Duration.Duration | undefined>): Duration.Duration | undefined => {
let max = results[0]
for (let i = 1; i < results.length; i++) {
max = results[i] && max && Duration.max(max, results[i]!)
if (max === undefined) break
}
return max
}
/**
* Returns a new `Schedule` that recurs on the specified `Cron` schedule and
* outputs the duration between recurrences.
*
* **Example** (Scheduling work with cron expressions)
*
* ```ts
* import { Console, Data, Effect, Schedule } from "effect"
*
* class ScheduledTaskError extends Data.TaggedError("ScheduledTaskError")<{ readonly message: string }> {}
*
* // Run every minute
* const everyMinute = Schedule.cron("* * * * *")
*
* const minutelyProgram = Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Effect.repeat(
* Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Console.log("Running minutely task")
* return "minute"
* }),
* everyMinute.pipe(
* Schedule.upTo({ times: 3 }), // Run only 3 times for demo
* Schedule.tap(({ output: duration }) =>
* Console.log(`Next execution in: ${duration}`)
* )
* )
* )
* })
*
* // Run every day at 2:30 AM
* const dailyBackup = Schedule.cron("30 2 * * *")
*
* const backupProgram = Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Effect.repeat(
* Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Console.log("Running daily backup...")
* // Simulate backup process
* yield* Effect.sleep("2 seconds")
* yield* Console.log("Backup completed")
* return "backup-done"
* }),
* dailyBackup.pipe(
* Schedule.upTo({ times: 2 }) // Run 2 times for demo
* )
* )
* })
*
* // Run every Monday at 9:00 AM with timezone
* const weeklyReport = Schedule.cron("0 9 * * 1", "America/New_York")
*
* const reportProgram = Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Effect.repeat(
* Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Console.log("Generating weekly report...")
* const report = {
* week: 42,
* status: "ready" as const
* }
* yield* Console.log(`Report generated: ${JSON.stringify(report)}`)
* return report
* }),
* weeklyReport.pipe(Schedule.upTo({ times: 1 }))
* )
* })
*
* // Run every 15 minutes during business hours (9 AM - 5 PM)
* const businessHoursCheck = Schedule.cron("0,15,30,45 9-17 * * 1-5")
*
* const businessProgram = Effect.gen(function*() {
* const statuses = ["healthy", "healthy", "degraded", "healthy"] as const
* let index = 0
*
* yield* Effect.repeat(
* Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Console.log("Business hours health check...")
* const status = statuses[index++]
* yield* Console.log(`System status: ${status}`)
* return status
* }),
* businessHoursCheck.pipe(
* Schedule.upTo({ times: 4 }) // Demo with 4 checks
* )
* )
* })
*
* // Run on specific days of the month
* const monthlyInvoice = Schedule.cron("0 10 1,15 * *") // 1st and 15th at 10 AM
*
* const invoiceProgram = Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Effect.repeat(
* Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Console.log("Processing monthly invoices...")
* const invoiceCount = 72
* yield* Console.log(`Processed ${invoiceCount} invoices`)
* return { count: invoiceCount, batch: "2024-01-a" }
* }),
* monthlyInvoice.pipe(Schedule.upTo({ times: 1 }))
* )
* })
*
* // Complex cron with error handling
* const complexCron = Schedule.cron("0 2,4,6 * * *").pipe(
* Schedule.tap(({ output: duration }) =>
* Console.log(`Scheduled to run again in ${duration}`)
* )
* )
*
* const robustProgram = Effect.gen(function*() {
* let attempt = 0
*
* yield* Effect.repeat(
* Effect.gen(function*() {
* attempt++
* yield* Console.log("Complex scheduled task...")
* if (attempt === 1) {
* return yield* Effect.fail(new ScheduledTaskError({ message: "Scheduled task failed" }))
* }
* return "success"
* }),
* complexCron.pipe(Schedule.upTo({ times: 3 }))
* ).pipe(
* Effect.catch((error: unknown) =>
* Console.log(`Cron task error: ${String(error)}`)
* )
* )
* })
* ```
*
* @category constructors
* @since 2.0.0
*/
export const cron: {
(expression: Cron.Cron): Schedule<Duration.Duration, unknown, Cron.CronParseError>
(expression: string, tz?: string | DateTime.TimeZone): Schedule<Duration.Duration, unknown, Cron.CronParseError>
} = (expression: string | Cron.Cron, tz?: string | DateTime.TimeZone) => {
const parsed = Cron.isCron(expression) ? Result.succeed(expression) : Cron.parse(expression, tz)
return fromStep(effect.map(effect.fromResult(parsed), (cron) => (now, _) => {
if (now === Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
return Cause.done(Duration.zero)
}
return effect.sync(() => {
const next = Cron.next(cron, now).getTime()
const duration = Duration.millis(next - now)
return [duration, duration]
})
}))
}
/**
* Returns a schedule that recurs once after the specified duration.
*
* **When to use**
*
* Use when you need a schedule that recurs once after a fixed delay.
*
* **Details**
*
* The schedule outputs the configured duration for its first recurrence and
* then completes.
*
* **Example** (Recurring once after a duration)
*
* ```ts
* import { Console, Effect, Schedule } from "effect"
*
* const program = Effect.repeat(
* Console.log("runs again after one second"),
* Schedule.duration("1 second")
* )
* ```
*
* @see {@link during} for recurring until a duration has elapsed
*
* @category constructors
* @since 2.0.0
*/
export const duration = (durationInput: Duration.Input): Schedule<Duration.Duration> => {
const duration = Duration.fromInputUnsafe(durationInput)
return fromStepWithMetadata(effect.succeed((meta) =>
meta.attempt === 1
? effect.succeed([duration, duration])
: Cause.done(Duration.zero)
))
}
/**
* Returns a new `Schedule` that will always recur, but only during the
* specified `duration` of time.
*
* **When to use**
*
* Use to bound a repeating or retrying schedule by elapsed time.
*
* **Example** (Repeating work during a duration)
*
* ```ts
* import { Console, Data, Effect, Schedule } from "effect"
*
* class RetryAttemptError extends Data.TaggedError("RetryAttemptError")<{ readonly message: string }> {}
*
* // Run a task for exactly 5 seconds, regardless of how many iterations
* const fiveSecondSchedule = Schedule.during("5 seconds")
*
* const timedProgram = Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Effect.repeat(
* Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Console.log("Task executed inside the time window")
* yield* Effect.sleep("500 millis") // Each task takes 500ms
* return "task done"
* }),
* fiveSecondSchedule.pipe(
* Schedule.tap(({ output: elapsedDuration }) =>
* Console.log(`Total elapsed: ${elapsedDuration}`)
* )
* )
* )
*
* yield* Console.log("Time limit reached!")
* })
*
* // Combine with other schedules for time-bounded execution
* const timeAndCountLimited = Schedule.max([
* Schedule.spaced("1 second"),
* Schedule.during("10 seconds"), // Stop after 10 seconds OR
* Schedule.recurs(15) // 15 attempts, whichever comes first
* ])
*
* // Burst execution within time window
* const burstWindow = Schedule.during("3 seconds")
*
* const burstProgram = Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Console.log("Starting burst execution...")
*
* yield* Effect.repeat(
* Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Console.log("Burst task")
* return "burst"
* }),
* burstWindow
* )
*
* yield* Console.log("Burst window completed")
* })
*
* // Timed retry window - retry for up to 30 seconds
* const timedRetry = Schedule.max([
* Schedule.exponential("200 millis"),
* Schedule.during("30 seconds")
* ])
*
* const retryProgram = Effect.gen(function*() {
* let attempt = 0
*
* const result = yield* Effect.retry(
* Effect.gen(function*() {
* attempt++
* yield* Console.log(`Retry attempt ${attempt}`)
*
* if (attempt < 4) {
* return yield* Effect.fail(new RetryAttemptError({ message: `Attempt ${attempt} failed` }))
* }
*
* return `Success on attempt ${attempt}`
* }),
* timedRetry
* )
*
* yield* Console.log(`Result: ${result}`)
* }).pipe(
* Effect.catch((error: unknown) => Console.log(`Timed out: ${String(error)}`))
* )
* ```
*
* @see {@link duration} for one delayed recurrence
*
* @category constructors
* @since 4.0.0
*/
export const during = (duration: Duration.Input): Schedule<Duration.Duration> => {
const durationMillis = Duration.toMillis(duration)
return fromStepWithMetadata(
effect.succeed((meta) => {
const elapsed = Duration.millis(meta.elapsed)
return meta.elapsed > durationMillis
? effect.succeed([elapsed, Duration.zero])
: Cause.done(elapsed)
})
)
}
/**
* Combines schedules by recurring while at least one schedule wants to recur,
* using the minimum delay between recurrences and outputting that minimum delay.
*
* **When to use**
*
* Use when a combined policy should continue while any schedule still recurs,
* and should wait for the fastest schedule between recurrences.
*
* **Example** (Combining retry schedules by their minimum delay)
*
* ```ts
* import { Console, Data, Effect, Schedule } from "effect"
*
* class RetryAttemptError extends Data.TaggedError("RetryAttemptError")<{ readonly message: string }> {}
*
* const retrySchedule = Schedule.min([
* Schedule.fixed("5 seconds"),
* Schedule.exponential("5 seconds"),
* Schedule.spaced("10 seconds")
* ])
*
* const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
* let attempt = 0
*
* yield* Effect.retry(
* Effect.gen(function*() {
* attempt++
* yield* Console.log(`Retry attempt ${attempt}`)
* if (attempt < 3) {
* return yield* Effect.fail(new RetryAttemptError({ message: `Attempt ${attempt} failed` }))
* }
* return "success"
* }),
* retrySchedule.pipe(
* Schedule.tap(({ output: duration }) =>
* Console.log(`Waiting for the fastest schedule: ${duration}`)
* )
* )
* )
* })
* ```
*
* @category combining
* @since 4.0.0
*/
export const min = <
const Schedules extends NonEmptyReadonlyArray<
Schedule<any, any, any, any>
>
>(
schedules: Schedules
): Schedule<
Duration.Duration,
UnionToIntersection<
Input<Schedules[number]>
>,
Error<Schedules[number]>,
Env<Schedules[number]>
> =>
fromStep(effect.map(
effect.all(schedules.map(toStep)),
(steps) => (now, input) =>
effect.flatMap(
effect.forEach(steps, (step) =>
Pull.matchEffect(step(now, input as never), {
onSuccess: (result) => effect.succeed(result[1]),
onDone: () => effect.undefined,
onFailure: effect.failCause
})),
(results) => {
const duration = minDuration(results)
if (duration === undefined) {
return Cause.done(Duration.zero)
}
return effect.succeed([duration, duration] as [Duration.Duration, Duration.Duration])
}
)
))
const minDuration = (results: ReadonlyArray<Duration.Duration | undefined>): Duration.Duration | undefined => {
let min: Duration.Duration | undefined = undefined
for (let i = 0; i < results.length; i++) {
const duration = results[i]
if (duration !== undefined) {
min = min === undefined ? duration : Duration.min(min, duration)
}
}
return min
}
/**
* Schedule that always recurs, but will wait a certain amount between
* repetitions, given by `base * factor.pow(n)`, where `n` is the number of
* repetitions so far. Returns the current duration between recurrences.
*
* **Example** (Retrying with exponential backoff)
*
* ```ts
* import { Console, Data, Effect, Schedule } from "effect"
*
* class RetryFailure extends Data.TaggedError("RetryFailure")<{ readonly message: string }> {}
*
* // Basic exponential backoff with default factor of 2
* const basicExponential = Schedule.exponential("100 millis")
* // Delays: 100ms, 200ms, 400ms, 800ms, 1600ms, ...
*
* // Custom exponential backoff with factor 1.5
* const gentleExponential = Schedule.exponential("200 millis", 1.5)
* // Delays: 200ms, 300ms, 450ms, 675ms, 1012ms, ...
*
* // Retry with exponential backoff (limited to 5 attempts)
* const retryPolicy = Schedule.max([
* Schedule.exponential("50 millis"),
* Schedule.recurs(5)
* ])
*
* const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
* let attempt = 0
*
* const result = yield* Effect.retry(
* Effect.gen(function*() {
* attempt++
* if (attempt < 4) {
* yield* Console.log(`Attempt ${attempt} failed, retrying...`)
* return yield* Effect.fail(new RetryFailure({ message: `Failure ${attempt}` }))
* }
* return `Success on attempt ${attempt}`
* }),
* retryPolicy
* )
*
* yield* Console.log(`Final result: ${result}`)
* })
*
* // Will retry with delays: 50ms, 100ms, 200ms before success
* ```
*
* @category constructors
* @since 2.0.0
*/
export const exponential = (
base: Duration.Input,
factor: number = 2
): Schedule<Duration.Duration> => {
const baseMillis = Duration.toMillis(Duration.fromInputUnsafe(base))
return fromStepWithMetadata(effect.succeed((meta) => {
const duration = Duration.millis(baseMillis * Math.pow(factor, meta.attempt - 1))
return effect.succeed([duration, duration])
}))
}
/**
* Schedule that always recurs, increasing delays by summing the preceding
* two delays (similar to the Fibonacci sequence). Returns the current
* duration between recurrences.
*
* **Example** (Retrying with Fibonacci backoff)
*
* ```ts
* import { Console, Data, Effect, Schedule } from "effect"
*
* class RetryAttemptError extends Data.TaggedError("RetryAttemptError")<{ readonly message: string }> {}
*
* // Basic Fibonacci schedule starting with 100ms
* const fibSchedule = Schedule.fibonacci("100 millis")
* // Delays: 100ms, 100ms, 200ms, 300ms, 500ms, 800ms, 1300ms, ...
*
* // Retry with Fibonacci backoff for gradual increase
* const retryWithFib = Effect.gen(function*() {
* let attempt = 0
*
* const result = yield* Effect.retry(
* Effect.gen(function*() {
* attempt++
* yield* Console.log(`Attempt ${attempt}`)
*
* if (attempt < 5) {
* return yield* Effect.fail(new RetryAttemptError({ message: `Attempt ${attempt} failed` }))
* }
*
* return `Success on attempt ${attempt}`
* }),
* Schedule.max([
* Schedule.fibonacci("50 millis"),
* Schedule.recurs(6) // Maximum 6 retries
* ]).pipe(
* Schedule.tap(({ output: delay }) => Console.log(`Next retry in ${delay}`))
* )
* )
*
* yield* Console.log(`Final result: ${result}`)
* })
*
* // Heartbeat with Fibonacci intervals (starts fast, gets slower)
* const adaptiveHeartbeat = Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Console.log("Heartbeat")
* return "pulse"
* }).pipe(
* Effect.repeat(
* Schedule.fibonacci("200 millis").pipe(
* Schedule.upTo({ times: 8 }) // First 8 heartbeats
* )
* )
* )
*
* // Fibonacci vs exponential comparison
* const compareSchedules = Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Console.log("=== Fibonacci Delays ===")
* // 100ms, 100ms, 200ms, 300ms, 500ms, 800ms
*
* yield* Console.log("=== Exponential Delays ===")
* // 100ms, 200ms, 400ms, 800ms, 1600ms, 3200ms
*
* // Fibonacci grows more slowly than exponential
* })
* ```
*
* @category constructors
* @since 2.0.0
*/
export const fibonacci = (one: Duration.Input): Schedule<Duration.Duration> => {
const oneMillis = Duration.toMillis(Duration.fromInputUnsafe(one))
return fromStep(effect.sync(() => {
let a = 0
let b = oneMillis
return constant(effect.sync(() => {
const next = a + b
a = b
b = next
const duration = Duration.millis(next)
return [duration, duration]
}))
}))
}
/**
* Returns a `Schedule` that recurs on the specified fixed `interval` and
* outputs the number of repetitions of the schedule so far.
*
* **When to use**
*
* Use when recurrences should stay aligned to a regular cadence.
*
* **Gotchas**
*
* If the action run between recurrences takes longer than the interval, the
* next recurrence happens immediately, but missed intervals are not replayed.
*
* ```text
* |-----interval-----|-----interval-----|-----interval-----|
* |---------action--------||action|-----|action|-----------|
* ```
*
* **Example** (Repeating on fixed intervals)
*
* ```ts
* import { Console, Effect, Schedule } from "effect"
*
* // Fixed interval schedule - recurs on a one-second cadence
* const everySecond = Schedule.fixed("1 second")
*
* // Health check that runs at fixed intervals
* const healthCheck = Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Console.log("Health check")
* yield* Effect.sleep("200 millis") // simulate health check work
* return "healthy"
* }).pipe(
* Effect.repeat(Schedule.fixed("2 seconds").pipe(Schedule.upTo({ times: 5 })))
* )
*
* // Difference between fixed and spaced:
* // - fixed: maintains constant rate regardless of action duration
* // - spaced: waits for the duration AFTER each action completes
*
* const longRunningTask = Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Console.log("Task started")
* yield* Effect.sleep("1.5 seconds") // Longer than interval
* yield* Console.log("Task completed")
* return "done"
* })
*
* // Fixed schedule: if task takes 1.5s but interval is 1s,
* // next execution happens immediately (no pile-up)
* const fixedSchedule = longRunningTask.pipe(
* Effect.repeat(Schedule.fixed("1 second").pipe(Schedule.upTo({ times: 3 })))
* )
*
* // Comparing with spaced (waits 1s AFTER each task)
* const spacedSchedule = longRunningTask.pipe(
* Effect.repeat(Schedule.spaced("1 second").pipe(Schedule.upTo({ times: 3 })))
* )
*
* const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Console.log("=== Fixed Schedule Demo ===")
* yield* fixedSchedule
*
* yield* Console.log("=== Spaced Schedule Demo ===")
* yield* spacedSchedule
* })
* ```
*
* @see {@link spaced} for delaying after each action completes
*
* @category constructors
* @since 2.0.0
*/
export const fixed = (interval: Duration.Input): Schedule<number> => {
const window = Duration.toMillis(Duration.fromInputUnsafe(interval))
return fromStepWithMetadata(effect.sync(() => {
let start = 0
let lastRun = 0
return (meta) =>
effect.sync(() => {
if (window === 0) {
return [meta.attempt - 1, Duration.zero] as const
}
if (meta.attempt === 1) {
start = meta.now
lastRun = meta.now + window
return [0, Duration.millis(window)] as const
}
const runningBehind = meta.now > (lastRun + window)
const boundary = window - ((meta.now - start) % window)
const delay = runningBehind ? 0 : boundary === 0 ? window : boundary
lastRun = runningBehind ? meta.now : meta.now + delay
return [meta.attempt - 1, Duration.millis(delay)] as const
})
}))
}
/**
* Returns a new `Schedule` that maps each schedule decision to a new output
* using the full schedule metadata.
*
* **Details**
*
* The callback receives the schedule input, output, selected delay duration,
* current attempt, and elapsed timing information. Return either a plain value
* or an `Effect` that produces the new output.
*
* **Example** (Mapping schedule outputs)
*
* ```ts
* import { Console, Effect, Schedule } from "effect"
*
* // Transform schedule output from number to string
* const countSchedule = Schedule.recurs(5).pipe(
* Schedule.map(({ output: count }) => Effect.succeed(`Execution #${count + 1}`))
* )
*
* // Map schedule delays to human-readable format
* const readableDelays = Schedule.exponential("100 millis").pipe(
* Schedule.map(({ output: delay }) => Effect.succeed(`Next retry in ${delay}`))
* )
*
* // Transform numeric output to structured data
* const structuredSchedule = Schedule.spaced("1 second").pipe(
* Schedule.map(({ output: recurrence }) => Effect.succeed({
* iteration: recurrence + 1,
* phase: recurrence < 5 ? "warmup" as const : "steady" as const
* }))
* )
*
* const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
* const results = yield* Effect.repeat(
* Effect.succeed("task completed"),
* structuredSchedule.pipe(
* Schedule.upTo({ times: 8 }),
* Schedule.tap(({ output: info }) =>
* Console.log(
* `${info.phase} phase - iteration ${info.iteration}`
* )
* )
* )
* )
*
* yield* Console.log(`Completed iterations`)
* })
*
* // Map with effectful transformation
* const effectfulMap = Schedule.fixed("2 seconds").pipe(
* Schedule.map(({ output: count }) =>
* Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Console.log(`Processing count: ${count}`)
* return count * 10
* })
* )
* )
*
* // Use timing metadata in the mapped output
* const complexSchedule = Schedule.fibonacci("100 millis").pipe(
* Schedule.map(({ output: delay, attempt }) =>
* Effect.succeed(`Attempt ${attempt} delay: ${delay}`)
* )
* )
* ```
*
* @category mapping
* @since 2.0.0
*/
export const map: {
<Input, Output, Output2, Error2 = never, Env2 = never>(
f: (metadata: Metadata<Output, Input>) => Output2 | Effect<Output2, Error2, Env2>
): <Error, Env>(
self: Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env>
) => Schedule<Output2, Input, Error | Error2, Env | Env2>
<Output, Input, Error, Env, Output2, Error2 = never, Env2 = never>(
self: Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env>,
f: (metadata: Metadata<Output, Input>) => Output2 | Effect<Output2, Error2, Env2>
): Schedule<Output2, Input, Error | Error2, Env | Env2>
} = dual(2, <Output, Input, Error, Env, Output2, Error2 = never, Env2 = never>(
self: Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env>,
f: (metadata: Metadata<Output, Input>) => Output2 | Effect<Output2, Error2, Env2>
): Schedule<Output2, Input, Error | Error2, Env | Env2> =>
fromStep(effect.map(toStep(self), (step) => {
const meta = metadataFn()
return (now, input) =>
Pull.matchEffect(step(now, input), {
onSuccess: ([output, duration]) => {
const result = f({ ...meta(now, input), output, duration })
if (!isEffect(result)) return effect.succeed([result, duration] as [Output2, Duration.Duration])
return effect.map(result, (output) => [output, duration] as [Output2, Duration.Duration])
},
onFailure: effect.failCause<Error>,
onDone: (output) => {
const result = f({ ...meta(now, input), output, duration: Duration.zero })
if (!isEffect(result)) return Cause.done(result as Output2)
return effect.flatMap(result, Cause.done)
}
})
})))
/**
* Returns a new `Schedule` that modifies the delay of the next recurrence
* of the schedule using the specified effectful function.
*
* **Example** (Modifying delays from schedule metadata)
*
* ```ts
* import { Console, Duration, Effect, Schedule } from "effect"
*
* // Modify delays based on output - increase delay on high iteration counts
* const adaptiveDelay = Schedule.recurs(10).pipe(
* Schedule.modifyDelay(({ output, duration }) => {
* // Double the delay if we're seeing high iteration counts
* return Effect.succeed(output > 5 ? Duration.times(duration, 2) : duration)
* })
* )
*
* const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
* let counter = 0
* yield* Effect.repeat(
* Effect.gen(function*() {
* counter++
* yield* Console.log(`Attempt ${counter}`)
* return counter
* }),
* adaptiveDelay.pipe(Schedule.upTo({ times: 8 }))
* )
* })
* ```
*
* @category delays & timeouts
* @since 2.0.0
*/
export const modifyDelay: {
<Output, Input, Error2 = never, Env2 = never>(
f: (
metadata: Metadata<Output, Input>
) => Effect<Duration.Input, Error2, Env2>
): <Error, Env>(
self: Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env>
) => Schedule<Output, Input, Error | Error2, Env | Env2>
<Output, Input, Error, Env, Error2 = never, Env2 = never>(
self: Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env>,
f: (
metadata: Metadata<Output, Input>
) => Effect<Duration.Input, Error2, Env2>
): Schedule<Output, Input, Error | Error2, Env | Env2>
} = dual(2, <Output, Input, Error, Env, Error2 = never, Env2 = never>(
self: Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env>,
f: (
metadata: Metadata<Output, Input>
) => Effect<Duration.Input, Error2, Env2>
): Schedule<Output, Input, Error | Error2, Env | Env2> =>
fromStep(effect.map(toStep(self), (step) => {
const meta = metadataFn()
return (now, input) =>
effect.flatMap(
step(now, input),
([output, duration]) =>
effect.map(f({ ...meta(now, input), output, duration }), (replacement) => [
output,
Duration.fromInputUnsafe(replacement)
])
)
})))
/**
* Returns a new `Schedule` that randomly adjusts each recurrence delay.
*
* **When to use**
*
* Use to add random variation to an existing schedule's recurrence delays while
* preserving its output and completion behavior.
*
* **Details**
*
* Each recurrence delay is scaled by a random factor between `0.8` and `1.2`.
*
* @see {@link modifyDelay} for replacing recurrence delays with a custom effectful transformation
*
* @category delays & timeouts
* @since 2.0.0
*/
export const jittered = <Output, Input, Error, Env>(
self: Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env>
): Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env> =>
modifyDelay(self, ({ duration }) =>
effect.map(randomNext, (random) => {
const millis = Duration.toMillis(duration)
return Duration.millis(millis * 0.8 * (1 - random) + millis * 1.2 * random)
}))
/**
* Returns a new `Schedule` that outputs the inputs of the specified schedule.
*
* **Example** (Passing inputs through as outputs)
*
* ```ts
* import { Console, Effect, Schedule } from "effect"
*
* // Create a schedule that outputs the inputs instead of original outputs
* const inputSchedule = Schedule.passthrough(
* Schedule.exponential("100 millis").pipe(Schedule.upTo({ times: 3 }))
* )
*
* const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
* let counter = 0
* yield* Effect.repeat(
* Effect.gen(function*() {
* counter++
* yield* Console.log(`Task ${counter} executed`)
* return `result-${counter}`
* }),
* inputSchedule
* )
* })
* ```
*
* @category mapping
* @since 2.0.0
*/
export const passthrough = <Output, Input, Error, Env>(
self: Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env>
): Schedule<Input, Input, Error, Env> =>
fromStep(effect.map(toStep(self), (step) => (now, input) =>
Pull.matchEffect(step(now, input), {
onSuccess: (result) => effect.succeed([input, result[1]]),
onFailure: effect.failCause,
onDone: () => Cause.done(input)
})))
/**
* Returns a `Schedule` which can only be stepped the specified number of
* `times` before it terminates.
*
* **When to use**
*
* Use when you need a counter schedule with no additional delay.
*
* **Gotchas**
*
* `recurs(n)` counts schedule recurrences, not the first evaluation of the
* effect being repeated or retried. For retrying, this means one initial
* attempt plus at most `n` retries.
*
* **Example** (Limiting recurrences)
*
* ```ts
* import { Console, Data, Effect, Schedule } from "effect"
*
* class RetryAttemptError extends Data.TaggedError("RetryAttemptError")<{ readonly message: string }> {}
*
* // Basic recurs - retry at most 3 times
* const maxThreeAttempts = Schedule.recurs(3)
*
* // Retry a failing operation at most 5 times
* const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
* let attempt = 0
*
* const result = yield* Effect.retry(
* Effect.gen(function*() {
* attempt++
* yield* Console.log(`Attempt ${attempt}`)
*
* if (attempt < 4) {
* return yield* Effect.fail(new RetryAttemptError({ message: `Attempt ${attempt} failed` }))
* }
*
* return `Success on attempt ${attempt}`
* }),
* Schedule.recurs(5) // Will retry up to 5 times
* )
*
* yield* Console.log(`Final result: ${result}`)
* })
*
* // Combining recurs with other schedules for sophisticated retry logic
* const complexRetry = Schedule.max([
* Schedule.exponential("100 millis"),
* Schedule.recurs(3) // At most 3 retries
* ])
*
* // Allow ten recurrences after the initial run
* const tenRecurrences = Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Console.log("Executing task...")
* return "completed"
* }).pipe(
* Effect.repeat(Schedule.recurs(10))
* )
*
* // The schedule outputs the current recurrence count (0-based)
* const countingSchedule = Schedule.recurs(3).pipe(
* Schedule.tap(({ output: count }) => Console.log(`Execution #${count + 1}`))
* )
* ```
*
* @see {@link upTo} for limiting an existing schedule
*
* @category constructors
* @since 2.0.0
*/
export const recurs = (times: number): Schedule<number> =>
while_(forever, ({ attempt }) => effect.succeed(attempt <= times))
/**
* Returns a schedule that recurs continuously, each repetition spaced the
* specified duration from the last run.
*
* **When to use**
*
* Use when each delay should start after the previous action completes.
*
* **Example** (Repeating with fixed spacing)
*
* ```ts
* import { Console, Effect, Schedule } from "effect"
*
* // Basic spaced schedule - runs every 2 seconds
* const everyTwoSeconds = Schedule.spaced("2 seconds")
*
* // Heartbeat that runs indefinitely with fixed spacing
* const heartbeat = Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Console.log("Heartbeat")
* }).pipe(
* Effect.repeat(everyTwoSeconds)
* )
*
* // Limited repeat - run only 5 times with 1-second spacing
* const limitedTask = Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Console.log("Executing scheduled task...")
* yield* Effect.sleep("500 millis") // simulate work
* return "Task completed"
* }).pipe(
* Effect.repeat(
* Schedule.spaced("1 second").pipe(Schedule.upTo({ times: 5 }))
* )
* )
*
* // Simple spaced schedule with limited repetitions
* const limitedSpaced = Schedule.max([
* Schedule.spaced("100 millis"),
* Schedule.recurs(5) // at most 5 times
* ])
*
* const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Console.log("Starting spaced execution...")
*
* yield* Effect.repeat(
* Effect.succeed("work item"),
* limitedSpaced
* )
*
* yield* Console.log("Completed executions")
* })
* ```
*
* @see {@link fixed} for recurrence aligned to a regular cadence
*
* @category constructors
* @since 2.0.0
*/
export const spaced = (duration: Duration.Input): Schedule<number> => {
const decoded = Duration.fromInputUnsafe(duration)
return fromStepWithMetadata(effect.succeed((meta) => effect.succeed([meta.attempt - 1, decoded])))
}
/**
* Returns a new `Schedule` that allows execution of an effectful function for
* every decision of the schedule, but does not alter the inputs and outputs of
* the schedule.
*
* **Details**
*
* The callback receives the full schedule metadata, including the input, output,
* computed delay duration, current attempt, and elapsed timing information.
*
* **Example** (Tapping schedule metadata)
*
* ```ts
* import { Console, Effect, Schedule } from "effect"
*
* const monitoredSchedule = Schedule.exponential("100 millis").pipe(
* Schedule.upTo({ times: 5 }),
* Schedule.tap((metadata) =>
* Console.log(
* `Attempt ${metadata.attempt} produced ${metadata.output} ` +
* `after ${metadata.elapsed}ms; next delay is ${metadata.duration}`
* )
* )
* )
*
* const program = Effect.retry(
* Effect.fail("transient error"),
* monitoredSchedule
* )
* ```
*
* @category sequencing
* @since 4.0.0
*/
export const tap: {
<Output, Input, X, Error2, Env2>(
f: (metadata: Metadata<Output, Input>) => Effect<X, Error2, Env2>
): <Error, Env>(
self: Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env>
) => Schedule<Output, Input, Error | Error2, Env | Env2>
<Output, Input, Error, Env, X, Error2, Env2>(
self: Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env>,
f: (metadata: Metadata<Output, Input>) => Effect<X, Error2, Env2>
): Schedule<Output, Input, Error | Error2, Env | Env2>
} = dual(2, <Output, Input, Error, Env, X, Error2, Env2>(
self: Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env>,
f: (metadata: Metadata<Output, Input>) => Effect<X, Error2, Env2>
): Schedule<Output, Input, Error | Error2, Env | Env2> =>
fromStep(effect.map(toStep(self), (step) => {
const meta = metadataFn()
return (now, input) =>
effect.tap(step(now, input), ([output, duration]) => f({ ...meta(now, input), output, duration }))
})))
/**
* Returns a new `Schedule` that limits an existing schedule by elapsed
* duration, number of outputs, or both.
*
* **When to use**
*
* Use to bound an existing schedule while preserving its output and delay
* behavior. When both `duration` and `times` are specified, the schedule
* stops as soon as either limit is reached.
*
* **Gotchas**
*
* The `times` option limits schedule outputs. When used with repeat or retry,
* the effect is evaluated once before the schedule is stepped, so the total
* number of evaluations can be one greater than the configured number of
* outputs.
*
* The `duration` option is based on the elapsed time observed by the schedule
* step. Long-running effects can cause the duration limit to be detected on the
* following schedule step.
*
* **Example** (Limiting by duration and recurrence count)
*
* ```ts
* import { Console, Data, Effect, Schedule } from "effect"
*
* class RetryAttemptError extends Data.TaggedError("RetryAttemptError")<{ readonly message: string }> {}
*
* // Limit an infinite schedule to five recurrences
* const limitedHeartbeat = Schedule.spaced("1 second").pipe(
* Schedule.upTo({ times: 5 })
* )
*
* const heartbeatProgram = Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Effect.repeat(
* Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Console.log("Heartbeat")
* return "pulse"
* }),
* limitedHeartbeat
* )
*
* yield* Console.log("Heartbeat sequence completed")
* })
*
* // Limit retry attempts by both count and elapsed time
* const limitedRetry = Schedule.exponential("100 millis").pipe(
* Schedule.upTo({
* duration: "5 seconds",
* times: 3
* })
* )
*
* const retryProgram = Effect.gen(function*() {
* let attempt = 0
*
* const result = yield* Effect.retry(
* Effect.gen(function*() {
* attempt++
* yield* Console.log(`Attempt ${attempt}`)
*
* if (attempt < 5) { // Will fail more than 3 times
* return yield* Effect.fail(new RetryAttemptError({ message: `Attempt ${attempt} failed` }))
* }
*
* return `Success on attempt ${attempt}`
* }),
* limitedRetry
* )
*
* yield* Console.log(`Result: ${result}`)
* }).pipe(
* Effect.catch((error: unknown) =>
* Console.log(`Failed after limited retries: ${String(error)}`)
* )
* )
*
* // Empty options leave the schedule unchanged
* const unchanged = Schedule.fixed("500 millis").pipe(
* Schedule.upTo({})
* )
* ```
*
* @category filtering
* @since 4.0.0
*/
export const upTo: {
(options: {
readonly duration?: Duration.Input | undefined
readonly times?: number | undefined
}): <Output, Input, Error, Env>(
self: Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env>
) => Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env>
<Output, Input, Error, Env>(
self: Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env>,
options: {
readonly duration?: Duration.Input | undefined
readonly times?: number | undefined
}
): Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env>
} = dual(2, <Output, Input, Error, Env>(
self: Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env>,
options: {
readonly duration?: Duration.Input | undefined
readonly times?: number | undefined
}
): Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env> => {
const duration = options.duration === undefined ? undefined : Duration.fromInputUnsafe(options.duration)
return while_(self, ({ attempt, elapsed }) =>
effect.succeed(
(options.times === undefined || attempt <= options.times) &&
(duration === undefined || Duration.isLessThanOrEqualTo(Duration.millis(elapsed), duration))
))
})
const while_: {
<Input, Output, Error2 = never, Env2 = never>(
predicate: (
metadata: Metadata<Output, Input>
) => boolean | Effect<boolean, Error2, Env2>
): <Error, Env>(
self: Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env>
) => Schedule<Output, Input, Error | Error2, Env | Env2>
<Output, Input, Error, Env, Error2 = never, Env2 = never>(
self: Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env>,
predicate: (
metadata: Metadata<Output, Input>
) => boolean | Effect<boolean, Error2, Env2>
): Schedule<Output, Input, Error | Error2, Env | Env2>
} = dual(2, <Output, Input, Error, Env, Error2 = never, Env2 = never>(
self: Schedule<Output, Input, Error, Env>,
predicate: (
metadata: Metadata<Output, Input>
) => boolean | Effect<boolean, Error2, Env2>
): Schedule<Output, Input, Error | Error2, Env | Env2> =>
fromStep(effect.map(toStep(self), (step) => {
const meta = metadataFn()
return (now, input) =>
effect.flatMap(step(now, input), (result) => {
const [output, duration] = result
const eff = predicate({ ...meta(now, input), output, duration })
return effect.flatMap(
isEffect(eff) ? eff : effect.succeed(eff),
(check) => (check ? effect.succeed(result) : Cause.done(output))
)
})
})))
export {
/**
* Returns a new schedule that continues while the predicate returns `true`.
*
* **When to use**
*
* Use to stop an existing schedule based on its full metadata, such as the
* current input, output, attempt, delay, or elapsed time.
*
* **Details**
*
* The predicate receives `Metadata`, may return `boolean` or an
* `Effect<boolean, ...>`, preserves the output and delay when it returns
* `true`, and stops the schedule when it returns `false`.
*
* @see {@link upTo} for stopping after a fixed number of schedule outputs
*
* @category filtering
* @since 4.0.0
*/
while_ as while
}
/**
* Schedule that divides the timeline to `interval`-long windows, and sleeps
* until the nearest window boundary every time it recurs.
*
* **Details**
*
* For example, `Schedule.windowed("10 seconds")` would produce a schedule as
* follows:
*
* ```text
* 10s 10s 10s 10s
* |----------|----------|----------|----------|
* |action------|sleep---|act|-sleep|action----|
* ```
*
* **Example** (Repeating on aligned windows)
*
* ```ts
* import { Console, Effect, Schedule } from "effect"
*
* // Execute tasks at regular intervals aligned to window boundaries
* const windowSchedule = Schedule.windowed("5 seconds")
*
* const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Effect.repeat(
* Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Console.log("Window task executed")
* return "window-task"
* }),
* windowSchedule.pipe(Schedule.upTo({ times: 4 }))
* )
* })
* ```
*
* @category constructors
* @since 2.0.0
*/
export const windowed = (interval: Duration.Input): Schedule<number> => {
const window = Duration.toMillis(Duration.fromInputUnsafe(interval))
return fromStepWithMetadata(effect.succeed((meta) =>
effect.sync(() => [
meta.attempt - 1,
window === 0 ? Duration.zero : Duration.millis(window - (meta.elapsed % window))
])
))
}
/**
* Returns a new `Schedule` that will recur forever.
*
* **Details**
*
* The output of the schedule is the current count of its repetitions thus far
* (i.e. `0, 1, 2, ...`).
*
* **Example** (Repeating forever)
*
* ```ts
* import { Console, Effect, Schedule } from "effect"
*
* // A schedule that runs forever with no delay
* const infiniteSchedule = Schedule.forever
*
* const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Effect.repeat(
* Effect.gen(function*() {
* yield* Console.log("Running forever...")
* return "continuous-task"
* }),
* infiniteSchedule.pipe(Schedule.upTo({ times: 5 })) // Limit for demo
* )
* })
* ```
*
* @category constructors
* @since 2.0.0
*/
export const forever: Schedule<number> = spaced(Duration.zero)
const constIdentity = fromStep(
effect.succeed((_now, input: unknown) => effect.succeed([input, Duration.zero] as [unknown, Duration.Duration]))
)
const identity_ = <A>(): Schedule<A, A> => constIdentity as Schedule<A, A>
export {
/**
* Creates a schedule that always recurs, passing inputs directly as outputs.
*
* **When to use**
*
* Use when you need an infinite schedule that preserves input values as
* outputs.
*
* **Details**
*
* This schedule runs indefinitely, returning each input value as its output
* without modification. It effectively acts as a pass-through that simply
* echoes its input values at each step.
*
* @see {@link forever} for an infinite schedule that returns incrementing step counts
* @category constructors
* @since 2.0.0
*/
identity_ as identity
}
/**
* Sets the input type of the provided schedule without altering its behavior.
*
* **When to use**
*
* Use to adapt a schedule that does not depend on its input values.
*
* **Details**
*
* This helper is checked at compile time and does not change the schedule's
* runtime behavior.
*
* **Example** (Setting a schedule input type)
*
* ```ts
* import { Schedule } from "effect"
*
* const schedule = Schedule.recurs(3).pipe(
* Schedule.setInputType<string>()
* )
* ```
*
* @category utility types
* @since 4.0.0
*/
export const setInputType =
<T>() => <Output, Error, Env>(self: Schedule<Output, T, Error, Env>): Schedule<Output, T, Error, Env> => self