Merge commit '36c66dd290d3ce6eb1ccd310d0c658d4a32bb8eb' as 'repos/effect'

2026-07-19 03:25:10 +05:30
parent dd1071cc10
commit 2daf979036
2214 changed files with 673090 additions and 0 deletions
--- a/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,738 @@
+# @effect/opentelemetry
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.99
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`8ce4795`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/8ce4795ccbaebca4292757db568c005a992546a4), [`80b539f`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/80b539f8aba68f478c75c35c2b4140c4ffc4fada), [`88a54cc`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/88a54cc341006e3ebcb13482c618f62a680ce199), [`e6e6dba`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/e6e6dba6e9d86e7c2ad27dcedf289db76a19697f), [`bfb203e`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/bfb203e95aa439f731acad37fc3a9a831a190f1c), [`2e9a34a`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/2e9a34ac2bece4f3a206160480c991e3841dc67a), [`55d4eb3`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/55d4eb34f2c64d54f6a25a305b5c5438ebd7934e), [`bddb010`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/bddb010eac3d4436cb094edbbee7460c5440c162), [`a328835`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/a328835e50d76bc96648a1c1550456e8c9f81210), [`5560d05`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/5560d05aa6abdd29466d9c3412cc5e648b0adbde), [`8f6e3ad`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/8f6e3adb185b16e8820b98c509b308086f7ff1af), [`46997fa`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/46997fa60401f5e3c93daa4b61f7df8e31caaab4), [`9e6e12d`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/9e6e12d75c118cd265496f2880490d1f33a5c8bf), [`3394b93`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/3394b93d97d6f24fc38670641d1490289ffca7f1), [`febeabc`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/febeabc3f7c31094da000a23edeaabfe2ab00a38), [`54161c9`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/54161c98f6f3569e0c31842f54e6a257f9421c4c), [`385f7a4`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/385f7a4ee4a7359928597ea56d151dbaf5eb5802), [`7eea4d0`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/7eea4d0b73ec554915d7066a71f46326ce2ba45f), [`7543afe`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/7543afea6f4d97d1f1ad876224323838a48daadd), [`44b9cf3`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/44b9cf3d240d726997b4bbcd0ede48e074d3c456), [`7eea4d0`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/7eea4d0b73ec554915d7066a71f46326ce2ba45f), [`0a8aa6a`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/0a8aa6acb90a72b91c24d17133c950e4cacd8abd), [`c8d9fcf`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/c8d9fcf7b030f7c474effbab2764ce7aee1c7209), [`9ca7f9a`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/9ca7f9a69363e4485645966d5a93b8f9597c5206), [`e7aca89`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/e7aca894bb32fbb785b5830837e6061c415a6015), [`55d7560`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/55d75609b8acf8a1b54c1b1c7fbbb65ec741aa3e), [`f809189`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/f809189ddf6b6011ba43a9901baaa734e315da2a), [`88a54cc`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/88a54cc341006e3ebcb13482c618f62a680ce199), [`0ebdbe7`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/0ebdbe74463dc84385956d0b1e8c2b79ebab5400), [`7517d09`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/7517d09f12a0b183a81bd425962c4e280a68b05d), [`212493b`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/212493b9a1eb98cd1ef6959c707a2e5784a5ae91), [`88a54cc`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/88a54cc341006e3ebcb13482c618f62a680ce199), [`80ea8cb`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/80ea8cb9222ca73f564c8267ab2f82966fea027a), [`8df19f4`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/commit/8df19f4fe81d90cc33ace88b9a77e5534f82d604)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.99
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.98
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`989603b`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/989603b60ab1197b64acf214208e0d370cd1f842), [`214c458`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/214c458084bb6995d543cd37d1055f24be3d454e), [`a037273`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/a0372736ac34796969b051bbba4717d7983f1ebe), [`97fdaa9`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/97fdaa9c1f522c65e579365d314a07878e2b904f), [`b24d248`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/b24d248c8df44222ce642087cde2bd859a2dc709), [`19c222c`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/19c222cac2353a3d7b7733caecb00556fffe9a5c), [`eec85dd`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/eec85ddba09ea326fd268ee33eeffd47e50d4671), [`0082f4f`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/0082f4f74fb139fd578f87f0a790e845133983dc), [`8849052`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/884905232d1e9a365e046d8dde27bf9c5707f57f), [`c15e16a`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/c15e16ad130d1fbde25d912b7ac55995066cb35b), [`01d00a3`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/01d00a3abfbf1f37996cdbe738ea5137c646cdd7), [`8bd4589`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/8bd458975a1b3a8ed042eccf317b93d28ded91e7), [`0082f4f`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/0082f4f74fb139fd578f87f0a790e845133983dc), [`6e08428`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/6e08428d980501b856f846ad3f3f0e4ea46e7786), [`388dcf9`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/388dcf953f65d317547f34d40e6443c5f264205f), [`2b7ce2b`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/2b7ce2b513e7ec2a77822f1116dc6ffb6ba93f4e), [`87bea7e`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/87bea7e16259246f3bcdf565446394751abca953), [`ce38dc3`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/ce38dc33bda805a684432cca071f4dc3c6b9a1ba), [`a807cd1`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/a807cd170341deca8a1cfb52c4222585f2431bb9), [`fd8a356`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/fd8a356f06a8c9ce4e7e0a13fc4021c178ed31de), [`c2a5edc`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/c2a5edc3abd31ad5bc123362bc1213e03e4095c3), [`5946da3`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/5946da3804a1be5e752b05b96bd058cdba50a1bf), [`4ae0c5f`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/4ae0c5ffcbe6c56ddfcb05c639112a079483539e), [`5b2a0bc`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/5b2a0bceea3a28a33a58555210c90a415dc74a76), [`72ac585`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/72ac585884befde6af9208da738699a93f1bae79), [`5e8c1b8`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/5e8c1b82bfafa121311f987a49ab75395e3647a7), [`0f9c078`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/0f9c07841b04183f485ee6e6458de73b290b09f5)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.98
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.97
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies []:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.97
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.96
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`1503f45`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/1503f45cb5bb2a74f4705252ec505a1f0ade7e62), [`57fe793`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/57fe79316ffbc380b30626a168981fb26ae97459), [`0c2f78f`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/0c2f78f695ec474e1ff5474da183577975e418f5), [`0c2f78f`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/0c2f78f695ec474e1ff5474da183577975e418f5), [`0c2f78f`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/0c2f78f695ec474e1ff5474da183577975e418f5), [`97f29df`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/97f29df457f7ffd07cfb4b379315c12c086af805)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.96
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.95
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`a482442`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/a482442abdeb490e9652b854ec3495e4aa7273e7), [`fbefa85`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/fbefa850fab2f0a302c20614496aeaaa2a8b5590), [`0b4a32f`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/0b4a32f4260f0d8500942a133001b0d349328102), [`18a49e1`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/18a49e1786679456258002ff9397faf02f678c2d), [`266cb90`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/266cb90bb2c17aabc40563c32db334f09ba3d74b), [`912f095`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/912f095a34572bbd3cedf6edb27878443e3e4a95), [`a6718f9`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/a6718f9e00a15ca903b0732da46116cbf3d6aca7), [`bef5154`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/bef51540a243aa2f872a00c01d0cd58b7a769baa), [`18e0564`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/18e0564bd0f8ebbdfcaf1e2c21529948e9e4a81d), [`fb50f14`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/fb50f14fc3657c1973785aa5b72ecf0b0d28e0b2)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.95
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.94
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`95a0e9b`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/95a0e9bb62797af0e81c9998773405f248f218c5), [`a0a3490`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/a0a3490bbce765f199d8e077aceac504f0462e63), [`f11ce73`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/f11ce73af60823754dc24194f4ffc561b9ea1c2d), [`ff30b6e`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/ff30b6e7c2c63ffc56a4c5818d6d86b01b5ad528), [`1caab3c`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/1caab3cc30f626efbf15e59d74f539a487e5c85c), [`aa80c47`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/aa80c4775a04db87553e5568764cab7e32a72814), [`c2ae4fc`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/c2ae4fce2f03a4cd1861c2b1179da7df656e662d), [`a0a3490`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/a0a3490bbce765f199d8e077aceac504f0462e63)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.94
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.93
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#2511](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/pull/2511) [`ceaffb8`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/ceaffb8e532d77a528eef0c888b9e59683514a25) Thanks @alvarosevilla95! - prefix opentelemetry modules to avoid collisions
+
+- [#2511](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/pull/2511) [`ceaffb8`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/ceaffb8e532d77a528eef0c888b9e59683514a25) Thanks @alvarosevilla95! - Add `includeCauseInStack` option to `Cause.prettyErrors`
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`00652fe`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/00652fe95c18f87208e91343eb8bf218faa2f677), [`6c58167`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/6c5816746eaf91d2a3c7c899c5720809fa230ae3), [`2bc5415`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/2bc541501a7ef89e542d7cb98e96beb53cd205cc), [`e11cccc`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/e11cccc7d5fe631abccc7d6e3bd296938de0fa2e), [`ba7e77e`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/ba7e77e046b8641a3a4e9750bb88ca4a1d063d3f), [`5713ee7`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/5713ee7edbc3054efde407b2286bbfd45bbc6e1c)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.93
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.92
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`affdc13`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/affdc139045cc325dce321a84a580fdc1b2da7b9)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.92
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.91
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`b135b25`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/b135b2517fca9e7839734ace3699a7dfa75b9075), [`aaa21a3`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/aaa21a369a171c600db294f2a4f640583043e150), [`3475ee6`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/3475ee6c2bda6b05c6d7a12ce30c8bb840b5b1a6)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.91
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.90
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`d237fdf`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/d237fdf726481f76eb52a6196e111b24122bc3d5)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.90
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.89
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`b7d46ab`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/b7d46ab7e1a29d8711817bab583c9febf48a0dad), [`7777e15`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/7777e1540fd3680dd8346723cffec812b9384669), [`5376197`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/5376197ca8e50358a41b1fd3cec27bd1ec680ec6)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.89
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.88
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`911f1b8`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/911f1b84790ce42b3a70c95b33e6f6fd9e74de8b), [`8beeeea`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/8beeeea52879d8613a39468848f01c3092bd54d4), [`c306fcf`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/c306fcfeb1ef38455156932a1faf49292b1318da)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.88
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.87
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`5a0c1a4`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/5a0c1a4faee5707b5cc35e646ff1ffdad70f1956), [`1eea2ea`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/1eea2ea3795ba47316b82b1ac8d4612c0ba389ed)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.87
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.86
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#2451](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/pull/2451) [`4a005d0`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/4a005d01955ac3c714c0ab24be50c7a0885b0abe) Thanks @StarpTech! - Preserve sampling decisions when adapting generic Effect external spans to OpenTelemetry.
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`0b5795a`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/0b5795a0ab4395e8f15955d8d96f2303084bfc64), [`3e3a859`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/3e3a859ec6351a9e0d31674aabbd48fcefabb12e), [`7dbec24`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/7dbec240dbf3bca599a20c486632abce694ef5ab), [`d8c00a1`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/d8c00a171ac7141e8adc08c332d1162d9a9d56fc), [`85b6317`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/85b631701e935866f2762bd595237aa718370cd9), [`6d0fda0`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/6d0fda0d0cbdfffc523c89c57dfdb1608f84fb12), [`108a933`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/108a9335ff8571928197e5847a09c28ac83d6f46), [`7e1f455`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/7e1f455fab5005d769b939c91e519d450f802cf9), [`46b3e79`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/46b3e79944cfdae7901eb148135c85b7eb39834e)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.86
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.85
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`328d97c`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/328d97cc53c0dcb89077a5623e35b095eaa59a8c), [`8441836`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/8441836e6dde70e8ae2126be9cefe9b45798b134), [`074e436`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/074e4361091289104cb0ab6959dc3b0ea7794a6a), [`c1dfd60`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/c1dfd60663eb13a58916f3712d877499943b628a), [`2ba316b`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/2ba316bd15fcbf1c50626500d44a2c9b3bec19f5), [`7ce7344`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/7ce7344c41056c79e2ee19ee6a9346c0f1d227c1)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.85
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.84
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`87f52ba`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/87f52ba16c4370ffa3f84bf8e53038e1419c284e), [`b8ee07f`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/b8ee07ffda8903b5ec2e45a786ddcba59f128fda), [`867c0d7`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/867c0d70a09079b040260d45a1e92ff04dbfbf2f), [`b93bc6c`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/b93bc6c9cb27b909a41d094c97c4f9d25bbc6d6b), [`57d387f`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/57d387f92c30ab63e15e3e641f0a903b65886610), [`bacca41`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/bacca4141c2400effae1eabfdb36c89a459cf246), [`0f8ac79`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/0f8ac7959d29ed68c68ce25aabd6bf0cb7e63ecc), [`25b4482`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/25b448270c01317703f25107e1480d4cd0246d9a), [`9cf3a25`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/9cf3a25c66b0c44a52be9829870c44517ea52db2), [`8def767`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/8def7674b1787f91035298cda4d122937e87ef72)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.84
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.83
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`1f2e8ce`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/1f2e8ceef09e0a791c850ed2ade01f97089596f9)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.83
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.82
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`193690b`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/193690b642ea802bbed40d663bd677251bbe9dc3)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.82
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.81
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`93cb4f8`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/93cb4f8fbfb9e07cb9dc86ce6b155fd1f8167914), [`60341d9`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/60341d9ca744d0473ce3fab621ca9bd225af3a39), [`1105ab5`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/1105ab56cb724212f7ea7b431396ce82e8fd0484), [`4500fbf`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/4500fbfe00763d8a72af6e5d6c5988e8bd4ade36)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.81
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.80
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`d944330`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/d94433090ee03f426d43e13b883abae4494e55e6), [`f48659f`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/f48659fdcc84930ebc1e5b45b540c0f973389182), [`7652aaa`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/7652aaa3bdbc39f241fe58b54b9a43b713e22e12), [`98630b7`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/98630b7c8f679c352ba6796636c85688fa009d8d), [`90ae23c`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/90ae23cf07284da5e1bcd9dffa882e85df7e617b)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.80
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.79
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`b9704dc`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/b9704dc9de9f1649ad502371014fe869b69a49a3), [`a207113`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/a207113f66837bb54416926718a9a7d66774d079), [`5e9b9e2`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/5e9b9e217b164ebfd4a002dd4380b3b1563200c3), [`7c128ae`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/7c128aef458a1e2d224712e51c483c9badad1d44), [`0ada457`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/0ada457c0513d8d908254ab77ebb7d29d2b523d6), [`d7cc5a2`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/d7cc5a2bede3de10943aa0c6bdb4f26836a91efd), [`aad63be`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/aad63becf65e0a6b076e94f8973be7bbe7fbd46f), [`09809f6`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/09809f60f19ec98232f98b33e33e02ecb7e4fbd6), [`2fddda5`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/2fddda5311929f46b61e503f0ade4fc749e8c77d), [`5f21768`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/5f2176833399757c4500d8875b7f2fba0393de75), [`f27003e`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/f27003e00524ff83f20dd9909f62b2f8795efe03)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.79
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.78
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`7836b8e`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/7836b8eb8bb0f3e04cdf554ee070caccf74f00c1), [`35d49a3`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/35d49a3a09bdba6b513de87ddcead9e61a1042ba), [`4093258`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/40932580e65bafab5f23c5f14b520cb411d0b2cd)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.78
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.77
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`6e9a5ca`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/6e9a5ca62a61156fd67b2518ad3ab14ac0d25f23), [`302f398`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/302f3984ce206e35d86ddd99d3b72be144850a51)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.77
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.76
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`016108a`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/016108a472af7048ddbbfd05f233e67529fafe12), [`95c03d2`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/95c03d2c55930668c215b5a41c23cf7742fead84), [`07299a3`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/07299a33c09fd52faa9810d30835a2622c752386)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.76
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.75
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`81b187c`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/81b187c17a0d8817b58232826939154010ae49d7), [`ad4b535`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/ad4b535e17f94ce35261829d5a3675f0a7808b4e), [`a29c2e7`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/a29c2e7e3570920156702671d6f3367cd0195f6c), [`1fdd9ae`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/1fdd9aeed92b6bb70987c862e7f6f66ead0339b3), [`1fdd9ae`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/1fdd9aeed92b6bb70987c862e7f6f66ead0339b3), [`ffea4ec`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/ffea4ecf2925f6a4c9fd13079d47584cbf2bed00), [`4255c9b`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/4255c9ba78bb98c7838fbe9dccdd8465e9da5427)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.75
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.74
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`b1fc6a4`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/b1fc6a4b4d0ca7fa9fd162799ae17c86f2f7ee8e)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.74
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.73
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`361ca30`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/361ca30eb6e134feece547d6e00f82be4cb23f75), [`b9598c6`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/b9598c6a209e75bfdb87ee3b024ecd1e3923ff6e)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.73
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.72
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`73e67d1`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/73e67d119a84d697773eaecb4865c6a71eb1a9cb), [`01d71ec`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/01d71ec5a75f3c2747a8d3b1ad9701d1e27b7ce5), [`fcd707e`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/fcd707e091a16e1b35343c901cc4052274e32239)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.72
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.71
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`d8ac76b`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/d8ac76b5bad458c42cebe8a0c1b3843f955ac293), [`2c3c00a`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/2c3c00af6faba7b7d422af26a7a2bbc35636d230), [`3751e7c`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/3751e7cf353e7a54cd692c37401207d9afba1e63), [`fc5f25b`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/fc5f25b03ada5fc2431987768a74d3d3e75ca485), [`7ccced4`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/7ccced42867c14c013b01160b3d292f14c05bd04), [`a2e1fe5`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/a2e1fe5835c98c8ee4393a091b1d11b75126e349), [`4a4a36b`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/4a4a36b10e6e616cad07584a43908f6a7e07e618), [`d350292`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/d3502922b4740fa9d745797cbc3775cb67839b6d), [`730afb6`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/730afb66696adf9bd5a328cbca29df9c05968771), [`df1b008`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/df1b008f370f414c2a67a7b8139ef747af8e5fba), [`6d469d5`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/6d469d567a7c41d7e5343bdee21d45b07b0e8190)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.71
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.70
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`af7782d`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/af7782d3008d08b043f3a3f261516001514b2b4e), [`7212d70`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/7212d701a3eee7b3553ff502e2c066126e52e839)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.70
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.69
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`70ea04a`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/70ea04aa96a2a7859d738d414e1f0e3ed081a27a), [`d0ea8b0`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/d0ea8b03f7d73ae076c1db12666141e480d11178), [`a57674b`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/a57674b64845e9e75a456cf907bfdcb858859118), [`59aa334`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/59aa334fbd0a504dda3c36f6d2ef1be7449b4b8b), [`8f4208e`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/8f4208ee83bc7bdaa6793b5429847b45aab72470)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.69
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.68
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`af8267f`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/af8267f2f3588c3fb611e9286f6f933f29ce1217), [`0176eaf`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/0176eaf3ecd7c1b99a10268f2af02d7e8ce161e5), [`0176eaf`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/0176eaf3ecd7c1b99a10268f2af02d7e8ce161e5), [`f136bb7`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/f136bb763048cbc6b17edd26496dba3e2415b9fa), [`6f38f07`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/6f38f07d5941a211b251383aaab0f4f55e8a6557), [`aec9c40`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/aec9c401a53db227f18bf5e0c84db7130ad862d6)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.68
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.67
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`a42ef66`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/a42ef6632abbddfa820995ae310ccc84ae8d9b6f), [`35594f8`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/35594f811cafe471acd490114b103a1f8392c8d8), [`8bddd62`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/8bddd628cb623f9533d345082583ff51cead6836), [`4be4c8d`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/4be4c8d60862aa963869ee2ed9ffa048ffac0527), [`0c9d3ab`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/0c9d3ab43eb721a370ed8306260cbac218c27e87), [`b156acc`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/b156accd2691b4a051f823affdece7c39923ce85), [`d16c034`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/d16c03434ee3e6dcd3bfc82b65d99e881d89025b), [`b559d68`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/b559d68845f848a10153395778f035682d399075), [`a3de5d9`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/a3de5d9215e5cc4a62e2666efbd7c1bf595eb84f), [`7e6c12e`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/7e6c12ec9b3a5945f6c26e272cc8f6390541ad3e), [`098167a`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/098167a220fe07da6f14455818733ab1b269c9dd)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.67
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.66
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`ca2498e`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/ca2498e702ac2d83fb7187707b7eb069bdb261a2), [`cd7d1fb`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/cd7d1fba7e2e2c5ac3ad64e1be433440a5bda436), [`19a7033`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/19a703367ec817cffc41d152da9b594827408e2b), [`33d26b4`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/33d26b4210b2e974f146a71e7eed962f8ce00900), [`856766b`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/856766b2c506aaed6d2df1d63bf3a5b1b062e1d4), [`079c7df`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/079c7df82559bb9ce10a86dffb85d25e6ce07dc3)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.66
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.65
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`6f11454`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/6f11454a9b6c3bd00f6b35fd7af14a2f2d63a0a2)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.65
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.64
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`7d4877a`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/7d4877a1929cdb690280ea254326c04f2ec97ea5)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.64
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.63
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`7f927ff`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/7f927ffb7a9801dcfc4096c29e369d13d65cd0ac), [`a696b3e`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/a696b3e83a8504cdbe261a18c10a1cc0619ae102)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.63
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.62
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`4ab4b90`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/4ab4b9007dc27a52ffabc6fcb37c96eeec795bf7)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.62
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.61
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#2129](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/pull/2129) [`b65079e`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/b65079e7d82cd4974899d359241c290555c69b72) Thanks @patroza! - Logger: emit OTel-spec `SeverityNumber` (1-24) instead of Effect's internal log-level ordinal.
+
+  `OtelLogger.make` previously passed `LogLevel.getOrdinal(level)` (e.g. Info=20000, Error=40000) as `severityNumber`, which falls outside the OpenTelemetry logs data model spec range (1-24). Backends that validate the field (Honeycomb, Datadog, etc.) bucket such values as `UNSPECIFIED`.
+
+  The mapping now follows the spec:
+
+  | Effect LogLevel | OTel SeverityNumber |
+  | --------------- | ------------------- |
+  | Trace           | TRACE (1)           |
+  | Debug           | DEBUG (5)           |
+  | Info            | INFO (9)            |
+  | Warn            | WARN (13)           |
+  | Error           | ERROR (17)          |
+  | Fatal           | FATAL (21)          |
+
+  Also exports the helper `logLevelToSeverityNumber` for downstream use.
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`50790af`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/50790af9b190c38d10fb0723837d49b66432638f), [`71f7c3d`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/71f7c3df997deda92c84146d569696dab3bd645c), [`aae8797`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/aae8797b9cb383be0c182dd58d03d787c354238b)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.61
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.60
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`f69d567`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/f69d5675dcff9f4137295752baf066b7153fdc09), [`7909c95`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/7909c954b8f6244a35a4b429f8dd0dff45dad620), [`bbb4dcc`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/bbb4dcc6c406b83a416b4ad3541cc02037c420e4), [`7af2207`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/7af2207901eabf3132c1b7010a69b3899c06fbbe), [`848b40a`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/848b40a4bd4bf54a5098617d50c33c88eee8270a)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.60
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.59
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`56837ea`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/56837ea2a338395b35550641374e9e589bd8b71d)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.59
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.58
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`11993d4`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/11993d4934c66f5dc611b8bbf553f01d501ef8f7), [`96c8b22`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/96c8b22c2057ccddbf10ed269d7697f22119b3ec), [`96c8b22`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/96c8b22c2057ccddbf10ed269d7697f22119b3ec)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.58
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.57
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`a971f5c`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/a971f5cbd92dfe4274420bf0966595eb35531060), [`8e110c5`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/8e110c5f02a429ccc43a91df8678e402138c0851)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.57
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.56
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies []:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.56
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.55
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`42cc744`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/42cc744570968deb365fb46d47b53d3277050c93), [`04855ce`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/04855ceeca4d40c55a5750dd9893b691f8ea741a)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.55
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.54
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`e4b74f9`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/e4b74f9c01a0e9b6cd58416de4af3a26d51da7c8), [`4c72808`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/4c728081851c66dacf889a816535671bc841ae96)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.54
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.53
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`0768509`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/07685094e931af07d104165195826a535b55fa7e), [`476aede`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/476aede69c6efa06b5781ca5eb3e3b128ca29141), [`4f79c54`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/4f79c542e7b508c235ff485d862cc8b29a8260c5), [`4be6a7c`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/4be6a7cf35dab2a01d652f56dd35f0358c5a7e88), [`88927eb`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/88927ebb896162cdba103b36553280b58e0facac)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.53
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.52
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`8e04bfc`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/8e04bfc95554b74eac205d67a20388e056b21499), [`cf3a311`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/cf3a311d863a8abb818840c3b80f847e621c43c1), [`8e04bfc`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/8e04bfc95554b74eac205d67a20388e056b21499), [`131fdd5`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/131fdd5b1f26531e265fe1a08f002002f47c276e)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.52
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.51
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`778d2af`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/778d2afe9b5154bc1f9abae46d93ea7e54c87344), [`4e24dcf`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/4e24dcf75037f65eebc1eb68623bc7cbf9d5512a), [`4b1c015`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/4b1c0150e9bdb5559ed32d250deb66e17b4240c7), [`454f8ad`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/454f8adad822929c3ef60f8280d0987226b049fd), [`6754a0c`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/6754a0cd18626b06805a079cc5265525a5eb7d27), [`90f7fd5`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/90f7fd5243871b30980964135db4512b8119fa82), [`d7e1519`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/d7e151974934201fd93fa4c8a1192ee9a5d965a0), [`72a8122`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/72a81228e09782bae512f7d041bbfbc78bc668d0)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.51
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.50
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`07be594`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/07be594825de60f8e1b2102d21dbb9b8fc63b414), [`ae02433`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/ae02433103ce28f53a0c9bfb4a44e75773289b7b)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.50
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.49
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`7d87873`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/7d8787340ff549370f6f2a88b612e9ebbfd6ba45), [`c2f6f90`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/c2f6f901b200a6e515b4f02c93ce8005b7bbf1c5), [`216f13c`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/216f13c1fce454a21b489bb915714a17e791a1ac)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.49
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.48
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`4da56ec`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/4da56ecff129b2da40137ffede23a73cc4e532d8), [`a5e6f77`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/a5e6f774bab195cf50ecdc818240765f69a3bf4a), [`f1ba5b8`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/f1ba5b8584d325a541156928cecf041b37fd5070), [`f1ba5b8`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/f1ba5b8584d325a541156928cecf041b37fd5070)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.48
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.47
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`c584726`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/c58472674e750e6938df955044eab88feda95e45), [`86a91a4`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/86a91a4f0c59286dfa9393232d8020dea70ed4db), [`131caf9`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/131caf9525151a0cb29803a8f1dffa0f4f479d12), [`c3615c8`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/c3615c88379b9daf252df0db72c6ac5a20326406)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.47
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.46
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`3a30b9e`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/3a30b9e2ec2bd8b8193e1aa139f6878a07e3f5ee)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.46
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.45
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`5c3af6d`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/5c3af6d554f60be34f8fc21d598d9a298ae11beb)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.45
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.44
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#1961](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/pull/1961) [`7bb5dce`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/7bb5dce60e1d904ef049a0287dec2b2e6113c970) Thanks @IMax153! - Rename the `ServiceMap` module to `Context` across exports, docs, and tests.
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`e3f0621`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/e3f0621454c3f5d11070d30619da27c9232cadc1), [`5b476ab`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/5b476abc0bd7e9bb59135ea1bcad2e4936227ced), [`6b40e5a`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/6b40e5a4a6bd2087c15a3d7374d25057fdedfa16), [`7bb5dce`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/7bb5dce60e1d904ef049a0287dec2b2e6113c970), [`3b09fb3`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/3b09fb31c40c2802b01f21c23bcdd1fe7fb0aa82), [`2370410`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/237041062e5af4594d32db91597e34e70a632877), [`dabc272`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/dabc272444a700eb629c07ba3e77671a841ca86e), [`08b63c3`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/08b63c3df11bd35c9fd6090dbd166287fdc40664), [`dfff04c`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/dfff04c4c2b1d352dfad83992a6dce1280c85cf9), [`9baed9e`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/9baed9e17e84702e6e480fcef6f86404f9e24be9), [`7846792`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/7846792adc7e1631d62d26d657bd7ba6139f369b), [`1556a24`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/1556a247623636b7ebe438fb56d77f1a7bf957bb), [`7c11bc2`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/7c11bc292ab8e46252fe8f7576fb685917bfb8b5), [`b5ea591`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/b5ea5913ec1d45d0dd12a327b9dd966bda2f6d02), [`0853afa`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/0853afaeb1633b2d7f8b66893bd01c3aa1ef2c22), [`ac845f3`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/ac845f3ab40e0b8719576e7f9bc16ea2e0e02cd4), [`b80c462`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/b80c46247480f47bb64fc480fab48a3f37bc8888), [`b3f535d`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/b3f535d9a7ac13b5fb984c29f93561c57a081ff0), [`6fe2e93`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/6fe2e93cc2f1b173ef89651d74b6a5d2626b3226), [`cda8004`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/cda800451c1ffbdddfc08415aed7b2d91e0412ee), [`8335477`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/8335477a8a936a24b5f3ee6203c1b268bd1bfc3c), [`8c836f9`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/8c836f99ab1e896b9580a71d67773625baff2eaf), [`718ff6f`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/718ff6fe3e3d3820cefd67d2bff1b2224fe08060), [`7eed84f`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/7eed84fc33c5781a6fb11bf4fd189d424902ebd4), [`5df46fe`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/5df46fe2f654d59ab5fc1578f4fc27fa40368ef9), [`82dd0f2`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/82dd0f26c6442b07143762ef7bc33742d3978dd6), [`03ae41e`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/03ae41e7304cffac9f18feea22b73468feafc43a), [`4677a0a`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/4677a0a58f95eea38a211efcd3f345f237a9e44a), [`87e1fc8`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/87e1fc8b67e4901d75f567b2fecc3841ab762cc4), [`c1af1b7`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/c1af1b756f63291e9c0298cf95c98a6920a0c2a0), [`7bb5dce`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/7bb5dce60e1d904ef049a0287dec2b2e6113c970), [`c8a877b`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/c8a877b53e8f29616335719e5dd1c3992dddf780), [`7da961a`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/7da961ae4916229d2246699a5d3b20e5b2dd2020)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.44
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.43
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`2ae33d0`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/2ae33d050914915f7cb9c25ab0a020901e08d596), [`979811a`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/979811a4c3f7ed21ed18ef560c49fb7f5569e80e), [`eb7dbef`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/eb7dbeffa883386ad912815e62c0820cac1fdf8e), [`cf50eb4`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/cf50eb49cb04706dae5185f624708117c413dee8), [`1d046fe`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/1d046fe484560e23f3e22cb23eec6433f8f1fa02)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.43
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.42
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`924e216`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/924e216caa7e0bbf22e994a0cd2ce8b1f0f0b3ee), [`80e7f0c`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/80e7f0cd9116e811e97b0ce30a77a8d1ecd072aa), [`f8328bf`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/f8328bf0314da3dc7f31d314f94a5840e8d5217f), [`66d1c06`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/66d1c06039079129707a230f7ad8c676439d7133), [`bee800b`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/bee800bf285192a01bec72a7b7b51bc1159434e6), [`8930441`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/8930441dee6f94c59c583d18d3ebd677cf1f2623)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.42
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.41
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`36f5c21`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/36f5c2174d31ab42c4598bf81f178f40d0802283), [`d8ce758`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/d8ce758669d6297ae932ac3251d83e7b49b22f30), [`11aab4c`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/11aab4c6d37d5691adafc2d33da1a631b28ce814), [`3bc1efb`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/3bc1efb53dd75b4a40de46f1f80c7f8a7d50af86), [`70e724e`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/70e724e604604d4be1061cd8da0d360494998c84), [`738dee7`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/738dee7edfd70af82dc4d2376db3a8ebe603eb48), [`2111963`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/2111963f19b4c28c800664a8fac9590c1321885f), [`198a553`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/198a553d9ce45f6a00bfc4d65ed0640669602d95)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.41
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.40
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`f62860f`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/f62860f0e5e45978fabf7256ae620a13152a772a), [`973f281`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/973f2812529aadc1cc54598b2039799fa72b80f8)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.40
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.39
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`f91fd3d`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/f91fd3db39fe5628439fd175fba201a65a1aa9d0), [`edaae9d`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/edaae9d65f464f941d7eddd723cd33d324f4b071), [`b47db0b`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/b47db0bd5802064b6a24b3ea27c6ff2e0520d513), [`82d3c8e`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/82d3c8e4f3f49b00df611b25aa6f8f74ec21b59b), [`7c22b31`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/7c22b315d198dcbf44ae8cdb8b37879e1c9e3996)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.39
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.38
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`f4dbe5b`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/f4dbe5b26b9c2d33fae024bf44afbdf8541792cd), [`a71a607`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/a71a607c89fb6669a12a562c2c23be81dfbe1adb), [`66a0494`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/66a0494ed75cd12f2721dcbb1d8a072e3d9e14b6), [`5ef7218`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/5ef7218fc559d57301fe929b8a0cab4033f4f1fd), [`472d260`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/472d260655bc311fba5c2c6e23bb77d8f7e36ba0)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.38
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.37
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`f7a0b71`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/f7a0b711da8fdd645597dee29cacc5619c6afcf2), [`1e223c3`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/1e223c30ccf835dfbb21284535d78549efaeca80), [`53740f4`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/53740f47aa76d114b7d535649fb50efc54a09608), [`8c7cf89`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/8c7cf89f719e580cbce1bf6c24e6996f1992a0a6), [`b6b81a9`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/b6b81a940eaafcbc792d25413d6c02c707de31b2), [`8f4c1f9`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/8f4c1f97ed60f8810b0b327b50117ffb2d8260d4), [`f2479f9`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/f2479f9d3113b1f012db17a3852b4e28f478cf9c), [`c919921`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/c9199217fad65529421d2cf95ecfff41257090fd), [`7af90c2`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/7af90c2e3c99038eafa39650433839523790e2fe), [`f3be185`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/f3be18569e5ca57c25eabf00df3ca601ebab43c7)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.37
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.36
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`60fcbcc`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/60fcbcc43d09471e8f7e0969955d99dcefc5be81), [`0a60837`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/0a6083713124440e630030375bab367e8d7df24e), [`49164d2`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/49164d2c20a8d21b66514992c4a15d8521f6b36e), [`334b6e4`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/334b6e4f76fe11941b516d61f57e268bc31f0ca6), [`5700695`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/5700695f76ae6da6b94c9c87d4dd2b8054fb829b), [`f8f4456`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/f8f445644f3aa7ec093cab7445198a62ba18a480), [`969d24f`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/969d24fdfa48c4838e811983848d9cb4e9b3b12c), [`851eda0`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/851eda0533946e39bacaaf581896320d7a4f3e8c), [`8059c1c`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/8059c1c3eba9a90af7cd889ea261bcb8fff0c185), [`6f83295`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/6f8329546a73eaddc7cb5e85ea8e37e73fbfb611), [`65f7f57`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/65f7f5737575fed668987462c96d29a446707c32), [`e7fabd2`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/e7fabd2265db690eae5cfc9b83730c84699aef61), [`89c3e98`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/89c3e985401eb38f33a3ae21a94ad27de3c1d28b), [`53794ab`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/53794ab7af30aa5c5004ecf53659fafbe4b10542)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.36
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.35
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`9252b43`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/9252b43560f507709c2985abcf52a7837b23ddf8), [`7daf387`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/7daf3870a656882a488a60f67881e6808c8f4d04), [`e1664a3`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/e1664a38bc31ef4ceb4e9324c7226e1e99bf9c07), [`fdaa6e0`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/fdaa6e0a41b6b6605438fa8557441792135380a2), [`19aa47e`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/19aa47ef7b470e427620edca8970dd9cdd551216), [`c667dad`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/c667dad07777b860e4764a3ba9a6cc41c236cd98), [`764d150`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/764d1501bc5026b60fc8aef6cb02a5a87c762801), [`3c27098`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/3c27098b5685a63db2c2eff654a250c94d3fcfa7)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.35
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.34
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`f2f75ee`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/f2f75ee564bce1cd95f5189c7bdeeed4f92dacb1), [`342fc4b`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/342fc4b051739e32e7977159f26ff9541eda664f), [`5d704ee`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/5d704ee10d20e8eb107e34bb8a21feb5aa4a7685), [`00add69`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/00add69b59551e9df34772eb927638b093f6d71e), [`58217d3`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/58217d318a7d716ccd707cce0f41573946939c28), [`f4e2aba`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/f4e2aba01b76d1e3059b297e3cc942284dfeafb2), [`e3b44b6`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/e3b44b6a2af9ee21dc5c1e928f0c20af857fa7a9), [`e1472b7`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/e1472b7525c5d57a48bdec2353c3b742f7f916c0), [`7686320`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/7686320cd123fa352b5c3d076fb18a3cac0a9bba)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.34
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.33
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`571447d`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/571447da67334449f8ae3d6ecb3d77ea4e0c4295)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.33
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.32
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#1740](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/pull/1740) [`4605db6`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/4605db69cfacddbdbf1525865ddfde135158090c) Thanks @tim-smart! - Refactor call sites with multiple `Context` mutations to use `Context.mutate` for batched updates.
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`bf8fff8`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/bf8fff8a5f54b6df74cb7bbb42346fe9ba52435a), [`1af3ef3`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/1af3ef3e3ca7fd417d0fc15f8ca8fe207eba4f74), [`27fea0f`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/27fea0f66910de5905f40fd63f8ddbb6f7ac5aba), [`2ad6c1b`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/2ad6c1b2c85a3a0fe351e3d56636a75eb76b4b4e), [`398ac3e`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/398ac3e01cb75efce0e4e2913d1450cf65866732), [`51fe22f`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/51fe22f3266e417b6c541aaed4b75d246fac91e7), [`4605db6`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/4605db69cfacddbdbf1525865ddfde135158090c), [`f4de1b0`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/f4de1b087c998d0bad1d9468f70b7d16c13b9f6f), [`60214f2`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/60214f2080b2aeb091f691140eb20acb741691c3), [`c4b8b0f`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/c4b8b0ffa8efb47c4cd7578a8943d6868509373f), [`6d9393a`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/6d9393a0770a18722d23340e77f15455de341245), [`6de4efe`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/6de4efe463c783614ceb0c094d77a336a899cbe0), [`4f969d1`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/4f969d1563ba755ffa116c8ae409bb3436bd881d), [`6cc67c8`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/6cc67c855e054ee3f3ac3485dca5f7805e79e8fb), [`8531a22`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/8531a22ffbb52e11a030b09f358cafbfdf5edff7), [`b226760`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/b22676067617f15c00722a3a63fd7c2c172c3d45), [`47a51ab`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/47a51aba0ecdf3ef478bfa28a498bca188399bd4), [`1521d02`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/1521d02e1f19f1d795edaaf862c1a1031d9c755e)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.32
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.31
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`5a84853`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/5a8485397b7f321ae021640c1999821143659462), [`6f23f0e`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/6f23f0ed4cba573cd9395c2e582f582fe7271544), [`654aaec`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/654aaec593305521b65dd042c204d761cc6e8c28), [`2958a42`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/2958a42078966a8713a98f00485ab36484d5eccf), [`95d27a2`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/95d27a239ed5147302605ab0b3147a056541b0c7), [`0fbaea8`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/0fbaea8f9555a8044cec31a770394db613fc78e2), [`21d5d5e`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/21d5d5e0439fd4d9bb6e508377215b1087555d45), [`5a84853`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/5a8485397b7f321ae021640c1999821143659462), [`6e49959`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/6e499590357a104c81779b3176cd3f84e4f91064), [`8f5805d`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/8f5805dbdd0d1bc0ff0727cc398c8d80e544edee), [`990df2c`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/990df2c3ceeb32e659acc10cc9485617f7b3c423)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.31
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.30
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`c88e5b7`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/c88e5b723ff09da4edaef6ce14d927ca01104a32), [`947d0e4`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/947d0e4268ba5c4020ead380aa80812c7342408f), [`7517908`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/75179085d159b88a1ab0bce70669d76dcf0d79a4), [`a49ecd5`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/a49ecd5a183d7e7d33f47ff95e9d2dea5a12ead5), [`6993e33`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/6993e3329122c834c20bacea72d8678232f4f103), [`514f2a2`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/514f2a2ae54580fcacdbe2ea2196a83a852d0748), [`3214b47`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/3214b47676de2d33fddc5fecfc2d226e6e83cc7b), [`95ec5ed`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/95ec5ed345de77c893049e182d37a37cf164a268)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.30
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.29
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`9d93adb`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/9d93adb1c1795d1978391b30d7d2972c88052662), [`b52721c`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/b52721cf0d11a567722b060c8536e3bdd4161f07), [`a891c7b`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/a891c7b12f415b2287613dd4b91a09dfd38ef30d), [`ef26cdf`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/ef26cdfb65d9955fc7e161629191930c2cc2c63f), [`82fd3ed`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/82fd3ed922063ee5a34f96f3993c15c7515e4f67)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.29
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.28
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`ff533f2`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/ff533f203cd06302ad08032a27e01269b4a2d4c6), [`dc803ee`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/dc803ee52ebd3e9f931118f0dfcb804542847556), [`d660b1c`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/d660b1c99cb93d4f79715e91c7a4486801c0eefa), [`93a05e3`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/93a05e3eaa624058b162aedd66aad70102837270), [`2a65cf6`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/2a65cf6fd81ef63d944e6fb51f058d439bf4a834), [`a561a40`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/a561a40cc41c548c2cf3153aca065ee92ee8aa57), [`29cd24d`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/29cd24d1fe78480a72eeb38a90281ffddc0530bc), [`662a8e6`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/662a8e6857dac64a7cd13bd8df4b0674654622f8), [`d2b52ba`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/d2b52bae5b9336cf59729fbdcc4d7f09512b0cbf), [`407c3b4`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/407c3b43a5d1414558e0e33b6f1fc0e6a6d489cc), [`42bc7ce`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/42bc7ce5480f6f2953c39f8cb5c850d61df6f5a2), [`e741322`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/e74132226cbfee24234311c7c1c13e6b7391384e), [`5c75fa8`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/5c75fa8fb71163bc4c035ba1a215574dfd4badfc), [`747177b`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/747177b0602f12d4461a843e953dfdffbeb0a429), [`326cd48`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/326cd4828bce573fe985f35152155464bf4c5a70), [`627e922`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/627e922b8d1e9521eae5e1caa5d667ad00b1619a), [`662287e`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/662287e9abc76c941ccc2ee330aa07904d571341)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.28
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.27
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`903a839`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/903a839e94239e6ec4568315af28e405bcad95f4), [`91a0168`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/91a016836680a6669308ecf464d3584bcc4ae1b7), [`c890f9a`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/c890f9a1b3a989ed22528bd5a43326342e05b142), [`1e985f2`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/1e985f237d250b51b91de22dde77160c1e778ce7)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.27
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.26
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`fb21462`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/fb21462642cdd5b1bada92f3eba18ae20445be42), [`2ed26b1`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/2ed26b139805700e3df39efaa768ff01565e5c86), [`e832a57`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/e832a57b570fe38f010c1fd99bceac5a325a9e07), [`7f01be7`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/7f01be7f8db363d4b2e88e6b5571e96bb815786f), [`e965143`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/e9651431e114479e6becf8ca7b1ed99ac7e91ccc), [`b9b80f1`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/b9b80f1f15e152ceef0a727d150b7dc230abae99), [`98252aa`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/98252aa0c0b17fc73fbdad65d0a1104965f9fc0f), [`56fbd94`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/56fbd94311ad19a05001ad649d9e34ab00c74541), [`3faa109`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/3faa109b7d093fbf14ad410d3e11d663f16e28f1), [`692ecfe`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/692ecfed99fe58056b7a5afe001f4fcd1a61c446), [`1e70b72`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/1e70b72d0b210474d0e96a15a5cfc279eae37e0c), [`ecf0782`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/ecf07829ef2dfc01d8943c96c4fe9c1b44b97926)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.26
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.25
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`fa17bb5`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/fa17bb5be9f2533d01e11322b14804c7dec43714), [`f46e5b5`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/f46e5b5ca2a918ee4d9270167e79db223077c96f), [`ce4767c`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/ce4767cadcacc6ce8ff4c3a0d0fbc82ede655f63), [`c830a8b`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/c830a8b6c292a6528d7f9318759d34800b00372d)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.25
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.24
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`a909e1c`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/a909e1c1ac2bc707527f5073776e3e7d239688d9), [`8814a4e`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/8814a4ef78d67144d27689370af10099ea210399), [`3f942c5`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/3f942c51cefa7b2ffa7c49e8c8a2c887570ba4c0), [`774ed59`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/774ed59c52b2ab578bbb897c4f551f812231e1d2), [`f54b8d3`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/f54b8d398fedad1815fd1f4c49814ab938cfc385)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.24
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.23
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`5c73c41`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/5c73c41b69eaeab80fcd62c9bfda490b446d1966)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.23
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.22
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`0874332`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/0874332f7c81118b06ac2eb105e0710211631479), [`c592dcd`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/c592dcde0697e322065c8f418c0480ef910cb183), [`1dbe28d`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/1dbe28dac8299cd3e218c9768450cfd173b5e294), [`564d730`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/564d730b6bbf38dd8548a3b046e7a693b28699a4), [`3cfadc4`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/3cfadc458b070c6cba6c5674b72a059f1e49118b), [`6634fd0`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/6634fd07da067d80b8261fb2959d1a952b9e412e), [`d10dabe`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/d10dabeb7af9a368f995829cd36ad08167cd8f95), [`f82f549`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/f82f549a09e950e9d4987f279a800f4d953f0939), [`78a3382`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/78a3382ddfbe034408f7480fa794733d9e82147b)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.22
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.21
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#1553](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/pull/1553) [`0f986ef`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/0f986ef22f196fe091a7afdbd179485a7d888882) Thanks @kaylynb! - Fix spans never having parent span
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`e691909`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/e691909495ccb162ea7bfa351dd74632b99997cb), [`d5f413f`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/d5f413f3c8fc57f2413cc5649c2003d6d4e5a6d7), [`139d152`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/139d152941e562a073b5be12e8d66c8a4d4a8a57), [`947e3d4`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/947e3d436ab8a017efda9b29be523efd1ca8df28), [`84b2cce`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/84b2ccefe2aa3a7413b86738a4dc33cdb311ca55), [`7f5305e`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/7f5305e69f5a33309e77b08a576edb25d7daaee2), [`9e6fd84`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/9e6fd8471c93a3c643929151a3bdb62cb9c0ca0e), [`fdb8a4b`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/fdb8a4b172721fbefe98bd5aa6fe4f0efd1da3eb), [`0f986ef`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/0f986ef22f196fe091a7afdbd179485a7d888882), [`9355fc0`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/9355fc0ffb5b7382146a5aed9eea83974b10d007)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.21
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.20
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`842a624`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/842a624f79d5e1407460b0ef3ab27d14d48ccf74), [`4785eef`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/4785eef5d7cf1edb96ef2509aed2ba4d1edf3862), [`8fac95b`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/8fac95bd9e0338b7a82da8da579c1ac22afa045c), [`12ee8e2`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/12ee8e27df7eb393d83a5e403390d0cfc82ca732), [`e542c94`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/e542c942bee4729138b02222f4421220a90a57d8), [`8fac95b`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/8fac95bd9e0338b7a82da8da579c1ac22afa045c), [`6f4ebd1`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/6f4ebd193c2595983394127dd808601b75430d34), [`989d1cc`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/989d1cca936fce0cc459057825ba40e3f5ef3827)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.20
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.19
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies []:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.19
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.18
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`01e31fd`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/01e31fdf8e5206849d23cbafd23a346f2f177ab8), [`0890aab`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/0890aab15ed9c5ba52c383a72fdc6a444d7504d5), [`725260b`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/725260b53f5142d6af7a93a2f9f464f974eda92d)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.18
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.17
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`8f59c32`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/8f59c32922597a48392744f7203e284866747781)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.17
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.16
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`bf9096c`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/bf9096c52a7d8791d93d232739e523eb84f6625a), [`29f81ca`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/29f81ca07c67dba265804b140a7487fb15a5fc6b), [`68eb28c`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/68eb28c2b0fc67a9f6204ade9bd16c5b37803bfb)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.16
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.15
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`24ae609`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/24ae60995d2fd7d621be356cdfdfd328c79639ba), [`0e3c059`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/0e3c059987caa55ebd0c134f7c7b147c639c328e), [`e843b0a`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/e843b0a7d7e7b600a0b3bd477f24e2e4cd26bc8b), [`f4389a2`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/f4389a2cca3c5bbf00d69779f52ce41255f15a28), [`5b73de0`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/5b73de095b3402d0c5c74092ace6ce18ebfad566), [`595d2d6`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/595d2d6e7d50419f3532bd39266191532ace38f2)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.15
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.14
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`c414700`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/c414700ef1932e4b67d0102856de417336912350), [`a30c969`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/a30c9699c0d736cf3952041e45d508b7d58907a9)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.14
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.13
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`368f4c3`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/368f4c363dd117e6f5a19ad77b161176cfd29fdd), [`db8a579`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/db8a579e93e93ff73b1e60712732e03b597b916b), [`668b703`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/668b70337e9ddbb0d1ae2282a95c282ce404e562), [`d40e76b`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/d40e76b973543979e60e04a6baca04a8c65bdfc2), [`6e18cf8`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/6e18cf883e9905ca718a6697b6a2a4bbd42739aa), [`86062e8`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/86062e8a0c61bca5412fc40d2cf151d676901f08), [`c27ce75`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/c27ce75d34c74dcfc6dba1bf77f1ce88f410a0de), [`e2d4fbf`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/e2d4fbfeeda6a5d2a4c5aeb0501d8240c248b9eb), [`114ab42`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/114ab42ad0edc590d29169675a493e0e915aa58f), [`484caec`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/484caec47cccac8b86db2910742e406dfc7173ab)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.13
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.12
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`70a74e8`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/70a74e88a8767c9d4acdb9e5f25aec9a33588d07), [`b5b6e10`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/b5b6e10621d54bf8c9857fec0d647ced78ecd857), [`f5ce5a9`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/f5ce5a915359c6ebf254079e1da23cab6cde34fb), [`a29eb70`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/a29eb702ffe3fc58bd28c4d7857298cd65d73668), [`c7b36e5`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/c7b36e541a23e9a00f64e25b23851e51a37dfce5), [`9381d6d`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/9381d6d4d9d819a81a46e56d0364c76e92a4fbca), [`88439f1`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/88439f13ca13549f3e4822c48c4f019c14fc2bcc), [`e35307d`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/e35307dbeb8eb26a9923f958b894a8eaaf259bf2), [`c7df4bc`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/c7df4bce34009474c63d62a807abfdafb76971eb), [`accaf3b`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/accaf3be7ac8da36e2334c509c23b8c9e88ea160), [`3e1c270`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/3e1c2707bbdf67720af1509642b8ced195790882), [`6cd81f7`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/6cd81f73baad86f5bbfa455a55d75cde71e9611a), [`f222da3`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/f222da3cdb44554f3324c2c52d0d005ee575053e), [`61f901d`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/61f901d830005b66e22d1de889fda132aeea97cd)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.12
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.11
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- [#1400](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/pull/1400) [`f134e1e`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/f134e1eda2630d0c0a448276cf9febd7a54ef273) Thanks @sellooh! - Use monotonic clock for log timestamps to match span timestamps.
+
+  The Logger used `Date.now()` (wall clock) for log `timestamp` while the Tracer used `clock.currentTimeNanosUnsafe()` (monotonic clock) for span `startTime`. This caused logs to appear before their parent span due to clock drift between the two sources. Both now use the same monotonic clock via `nanosToHrTime(clock.currentTimeNanosUnsafe())`.
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`88659ed`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/88659edb26e3623d557dccfe914c2c949672da16), [`f2915e8`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/f2915e8e2efe80d50c281e53f297b9701d6dc199), [`eb71ace`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/eb71acebbe0f228e4920278013beee3b67d62310), [`2a16999`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/2a169996c7513d377ac47adbfd68e1490457135c), [`d42dd52`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/d42dd52f11203f8e749fb5d3ecf7153e4a5a6814), [`339adaf`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/339adaf850a62a892adebcb208c2d9dddf3b97b3), [`de19645`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/de1964526d01102dd1cb99c8cfdd3e8df1f49ef1), [`9b1dc3b`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/9b1dc3bcf2a1b68d0a67e3465db5ad01a1a56997), [`e4cb2f5`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/e4cb2f55b30f4771ec1bf613ced36d6d96464dd5), [`8bced95`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/8bced954ecb35d4489197a57b0efe927e7d75f49), [`9431420`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/94314207c8019918200fbcb97aec992219f801f0), [`948dca2`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/948dca22e4f672ba7a6db57f9899272bec7c08b8), [`d18e327`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/d18e32765a2665e31ffb31e746bf983fcfac34c5), [`ab512f7`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/ab512f7be1c0e6b359da921e22cd4944e4c57d3e)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.11
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.10
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`371acab`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/371acabb58d56f3a7a5e3e33d3d5fdc9f5573c74), [`856d774`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/856d7741f1e296dd5048c6ff2b44b95d023e6ae4), [`b9e9202`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/b9e92023c38caa322975d77cfe83e2d34ac9305a), [`1d1a974`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/1d1a974bd280c81bff5d4505491cda03ba7a3f36), [`6bfe2a6`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/6bfe2a659bc6335db75709931f405da45301cba2), [`b12c811`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/b12c81157be287b1649c210616a244b50ec094d2), [`d17d98a`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/d17d98ad78e2b44d95ef434adab79ac3c35e75ab), [`68c3c7c`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/68c3c7cb1e06ed94fa5c4c123a234b4ccbfdecd8)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.10
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.9
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`3386557`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/338655731564a7be9f8859dedbf4d5bcac6eb350), [`b6666e3`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/b6666e3cf6bd44ba1a8704e65c256c30359cb422)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.9
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.8
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`246e672`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/246e672dbbd7848d60e0c78fd66671b2f10b3752), [`807dec0`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/807dec03801b4c58a6d00c237b6d98d6386911df)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.8
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.7
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`a2bda6d`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/a2bda6d4ef6de9d9b0c53ae2df5434f778d6161a), [`1f95a2b`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/1f95a2b5aa9524bb38f4437f4691a664bf463ca1), [`a8d5e79`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/a8d5e792fec201a83af0eb92fc79928d055125fd), [`a5386ba`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/a5386ba67005dff697d45a45398f398773f58dcf), [`a5386ba`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/a5386ba67005dff697d45a45398f398773f58dcf), [`06d8a03`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/06d8a0391631e6130e3ab25227e59817852e227f), [`8caac76`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/8caac76a35821edfe03c75dab5eb056e8fc05430), [`8caac76`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/8caac76a35821edfe03c75dab5eb056e8fc05430), [`f9e883e`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/f9e883e266fbda870336ee62f46b7ac85ba3de6e), [`8caac76`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/8caac76a35821edfe03c75dab5eb056e8fc05430)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.7
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.6
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`3247da2`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/3247da28331f345f68be5dbd2974a7e03d300fe1), [`f205705`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/f2057050dbd034b8c186be2d40c3d03ee63a5a3b), [`f35022c`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/f35022c212e4111527e1bb43f360a67b2b49fa85), [`8622721`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/86227217b02d43680a3c6f3c21731b1d852c91f5), [`fc660ab`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/fc660ab8b5ebae38b8d6b96cbf2f9b880cc09253), [`f37dc33`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/f37dc335f64622fa9ce8d6d1d5dd8fc3f260257b), [`3662f32`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/3662f328fcfa3b2fa01ffa79da40e12e93fcede8), [`a7d436f`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/a7d436f438dcd7f49b9485e4e95a4511f31fad7d), [`6856a41`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/6856a415d7eddd9d73d60919e976f1d071421be4), [`8c417d0`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/8c417d03475e5e12d00dca0c4781d0af7e66b86c), [`5419570`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/5419570ba47ce882a3a10882707b46f66e464906), [`449c5ed`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/449c5ed5318e8a874e730420bcf52918fa2ec80f), [`4b5ec12`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/4b5ec12f87f95f2a3cd8fe4d5b26c6eb0529381a), [`df87937`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/df879375fc3b169c43f9c434b3775e12b80dffe4), [`5dbfca8`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/5dbfca8d1dbb6d18d1605d4f8562e99c86e2ff11), [`e629497`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/e6294973d55597ab6b6deca6babbe1e946b2c91d), [`981c991`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/981c991cd78db34def815d5754379d737157f005), [`1ca2ed6`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/1ca2ed67301a5dc40ae0ed94346b99f26fd22bbe), [`45722bd`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/45722bde974458311f11ad237711363a10ec6894), [`eb2a85e`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/eb2a85ed4dc162b2535d304799333a5a20477fd0)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.6
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.5
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`f6e133e`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/f6e133e9a16b32317bd09ff08c12b97a0ae44600), [`e3893cc`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/e3893ccf2632338c7d8e745f639dcd825a9d42f8), [`a88e206`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/a88e206e44dc66ca5a2b45bedc797877c5dbb083), [`e3893cc`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/e3893ccf2632338c7d8e745f639dcd825a9d42f8)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.5
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.4
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`c5a18ef`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/c5a18ef44171e3880bf983faee74529908974b32), [`bc6b885`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/bc6b885b94d887a200657c0775dfa874dc15bc0c)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.4
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.3
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`3a0cf36`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/3a0cf36eff106ba48d74e133c1598cd40613e530), [`c4da328`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/c4da328d32fad1d61e0e538f5d371edf61521d7e)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.3
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.2
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`a22ce73`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/a22ce73b2bd9305b7ba665694d2255c0e6d5a8d0), [`ebdabf7`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/ebdabf79ff4e62c8384aa8cf9a8d2787d536ee78), [`8f663bb`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/8f663bb121021bf12bd264e8ae385187cb7a5dae)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.2
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.1
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`0fecf70`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/0fecf70048057623eed7c584a06671773a2b1743), [`709569e`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/709569ed76bead9ebb0670599e4d890a07ca5a43)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.1
+
+## 4.0.0-beta.0
+
+### Major Changes
+
+- [#1183](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/pull/1183) [`be642ab`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/be642ab1b3b4cd49e53c9732d7aba1b367fddd66) Thanks @tim-smart! - v4 beta
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- Updated dependencies [[`be642ab`](https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect-smol/commit/be642ab1b3b4cd49e53c9732d7aba1b367fddd66)]:
+  - effect@4.0.0-beta.0
--- a/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/LICENSE
+++ b/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2023 Effectful Technologies Inc
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
--- a/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/README.md
+++ b/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# `@effect/opentelemetry`
+
+## Documentation
+
+- **API Reference**: [View the full documentation](https://effect-ts.github.io/effect/docs/opentelemetry).
--- a/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/docgen.json
+++ b/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/docgen.json
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+{
+  "$schema": "../../node_modules/@effect/docgen/schema.json",
+  "srcLink": "https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/tree/main/packages/opentelemetry/src/",
+  "exclude": ["src/internal/**/*.ts"],
+  "examplesCompilerOptions": {
+    "noEmit": true,
+    "strict": true,
+    "skipLibCheck": true,
+    "moduleResolution": "Bundler",
+    "module": "ES2022",
+    "target": "ES2022",
+    "lib": ["ES2022", "DOM", "DOM.Iterable"],
+    "rewriteRelativeImportExtensions": true,
+    "allowImportingTsExtensions": true,
+    "paths": {
+      "effect": ["../../../effect/src/index.js"],
+      "effect/*": ["../../../effect/src/*.js"]
+    },
+    "plugins": [
+      {
+        "name": "@effect/language-service",
+        "includeSuggestionsInTsc": false,
+        "diagnosticSeverity": {
+          "globalErrorInEffectFailure": "off"
+        }
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
--- a/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/package.json
+++ b/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+{
+  "name": "@effect/opentelemetry",
+  "type": "module",
+  "version": "4.0.0-beta.99",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "description": "OpenTelemetry integration for Effect",
+  "homepage": "https://effect.website",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect.git",
+    "directory": "packages/opentelemetry"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/Effect-TS/effect/issues"
+  },
+  "tags": [
+    "opentelemetry",
+    "observability",
+    "tracing",
+    "metrics",
+    "typescript",
+    "algebraic-data-types",
+    "functional-programming"
+  ],
+  "keywords": [
+    "opentelemetry",
+    "observability",
+    "tracing",
+    "metrics",
+    "typescript",
+    "algebraic-data-types",
+    "functional-programming"
+  ],
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=18.0.0"
+  },
+  "sideEffects": [],
+  "exports": {
+    "./package.json": "./package.json",
+    ".": "./src/index.ts",
+    "./*": "./src/*.ts",
+    "./internal/*": null,
+    "./*/index": null
+  },
+  "files": [
+    "src/**/*.ts",
+    "dist/**/*.js",
+    "dist/**/*.js.map",
+    "dist/**/*.d.ts",
+    "dist/**/*.d.ts.map"
+  ],
+  "publishConfig": {
+    "access": "public",
+    "provenance": true,
+    "exports": {
+      "./package.json": "./package.json",
+      ".": "./dist/index.js",
+      "./*": "./dist/*.js",
+      "./internal/*": null,
+      "./*/index": null
+    }
+  },
+  "scripts": {
+    "codegen": "effect-utils codegen",
+    "build": "tsc -b tsconfig.json && pnpm babel",
+    "babel": "babel dist --plugins annotate-pure-calls --out-dir dist --source-maps",
+    "check": "tsc -b tsconfig.json",
+    "test": "vitest",
+    "coverage": "vitest --coverage"
+  },
+  "peerDependencies": {
+    "@opentelemetry/api": "^1.9",
+    "@opentelemetry/api-logs": ">=0.203.0 <0.300.0",
+    "@opentelemetry/resources": "^2.0.0",
+    "@opentelemetry/sdk-logs": ">=0.203.0 <0.300.0",
+    "@opentelemetry/sdk-metrics": "^2.0.0",
+    "@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-base": "^2.0.0",
+    "@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-node": "^2.0.0",
+    "@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-web": "^2.0.0",
+    "@opentelemetry/semantic-conventions": "^1.33.0",
+    "effect": "workspace:^"
+  },
+  "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+    "@opentelemetry/api": {
+      "optional": true
+    },
+    "@opentelemetry/resources": {
+      "optional": true
+    },
+    "@opentelemetry/sdk-metrics": {
+      "optional": true
+    },
+    "@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-base": {
+      "optional": true
+    },
+    "@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-node": {
+      "optional": true
+    },
+    "@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-web": {
+      "optional": true
+    },
+    "@opentelemetry/sdk-logs": {
+      "optional": true
+    },
+    "@opentelemetry/api-logs": {
+      "optional": true
+    }
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@opentelemetry/api": "^1.9.1",
+    "@opentelemetry/api-logs": "^0.220.0",
+    "@opentelemetry/context-async-hooks": "^2.9.0",
+    "@opentelemetry/exporter-metrics-otlp-http": "0.220.0",
+    "@opentelemetry/exporter-prometheus": "^0.220.0",
+    "@opentelemetry/exporter-trace-otlp-http": "^0.220.0",
+    "@opentelemetry/otlp-exporter-base": "^0.220.0",
+    "@opentelemetry/resources": "^2.9.0",
+    "@opentelemetry/sdk-logs": "^0.220.0",
+    "@opentelemetry/sdk-metrics": "^2.9.0",
+    "@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-base": "^2.9.0",
+    "@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-node": "^2.9.0",
+    "@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-web": "^2.9.0",
+    "@opentelemetry/semantic-conventions": "^1.42.0"
+  }
+}
--- a/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/src/NodeSdk.ts
+++ b/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/src/NodeSdk.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+/**
+ * Node.js OpenTelemetry setup for Effect applications.
+ *
+ * This module exports a `Configuration` type and layers for installing
+ * tracing, metrics, and logging in Node.js. The main `layer` builds the shared
+ * OpenTelemetry resource from environment variables and optional service
+ * metadata, then enables only the signal types that have processors or readers
+ * configured. `layerTracerProvider` creates a scoped Node tracer provider, and
+ * `layerEmpty` provides an empty resource.
+ *
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+import type * as Otel from "@opentelemetry/api"
+import type { LoggerProviderConfig, LogRecordProcessor } from "@opentelemetry/sdk-logs"
+import type { MetricReader } from "@opentelemetry/sdk-metrics"
+import type { SpanProcessor, TracerConfig } from "@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-base"
+import { NodeTracerProvider } from "@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-node"
+import type { NonEmptyReadonlyArray } from "effect/Array"
+import type * as Duration from "effect/Duration"
+import * as Effect from "effect/Effect"
+import { constant, type LazyArg } from "effect/Function"
+import * as Layer from "effect/Layer"
+import { isNonEmpty } from "./internal/utilities.ts"
+import * as Logger from "./OtelLogger.ts"
+import * as Metrics from "./OtelMetrics.ts"
+import * as Tracer from "./OtelTracer.ts"
+import * as Resource from "./Resource.ts"
+
+/**
+ * Configuration for the Node OpenTelemetry layer, including optional tracing, metrics, logging, resource, and shutdown settings.
+ *
+ * @category models
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export interface Configuration {
+  readonly spanProcessor?: SpanProcessor | ReadonlyArray<SpanProcessor> | undefined
+  readonly tracerConfig?: Omit<TracerConfig, "resource"> | undefined
+  readonly metricReader?: MetricReader | ReadonlyArray<MetricReader> | undefined
+  readonly metricTemporality?: Metrics.TemporalityPreference | undefined
+  readonly logRecordProcessor?: LogRecordProcessor | ReadonlyArray<LogRecordProcessor> | undefined
+  readonly loggerProviderConfig?: Omit<LoggerProviderConfig, "resource"> | undefined
+  readonly loggerMergeWithExisting?: boolean | undefined
+  readonly resource?: {
+    readonly serviceName: string
+    readonly serviceVersion?: string
+    readonly attributes?: Otel.Attributes
+  } | undefined
+  readonly shutdownTimeout?: Duration.Input | undefined
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a scoped Node OpenTelemetry tracer provider from one or more span processors and shuts it down when the layer is released.
+ *
+ * @category layers
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export const layerTracerProvider = (
+  processor: SpanProcessor | NonEmptyReadonlyArray<SpanProcessor>,
+  config?: Omit<TracerConfig, "resource"> & {
+    readonly shutdownTimeout?: Duration.Input | undefined
+  }
+): Layer.Layer<Tracer.OtelTracerProvider, never, Resource.Resource> =>
+  Layer.effect(
+    Tracer.OtelTracerProvider,
+    Effect.gen(function*() {
+      const resource = yield* Resource.Resource
+      return yield* Effect.acquireRelease(
+        Effect.sync(() => {
+          const provider = new NodeTracerProvider({
+            ...(config ?? undefined),
+            resource,
+            spanProcessors: Array.isArray(processor) ? (processor as any) : [processor]
+          })
+          return provider
+        }),
+        (provider) =>
+          Effect.promise(() => provider.forceFlush().then(() => provider.shutdown())).pipe(
+            Effect.ignore,
+            Effect.interruptible,
+            Effect.timeoutOption(config?.shutdownTimeout ?? 3000)
+          )
+      )
+    })
+  )
+
+/**
+ * Creates a Node OpenTelemetry layer from configuration, enabling tracing, metrics, and logging only when their processors or readers are supplied.
+ *
+ * **When to use**
+ *
+ * Use to install OpenTelemetry support for a Node.js Effect application from
+ * one configuration object, enabling tracing, metrics, logging, or any
+ * combination of those signals based on the processors and readers supplied.
+ *
+ * **Details**
+ *
+ * The configuration can be provided lazily or effectfully. The layer always
+ * provides `Resource.Resource`, building it from environment variables and any
+ * explicit resource metadata in the configuration.
+ *
+ * **Gotchas**
+ *
+ * Register Node auto-instrumentations before importing modules that should be
+ * patched, because many Node instrumentations hook module loading.
+ *
+ * @category layers
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export const layer: {
+  (evaluate: LazyArg<Configuration>): Layer.Layer<Resource.Resource>
+  <R, E>(evaluate: Effect.Effect<Configuration, E, R>): Layer.Layer<Resource.Resource, E, R>
+} = (
+  evaluate: LazyArg<Configuration> | Effect.Effect<Configuration, any, any>
+): Layer.Layer<Resource.Resource> =>
+  Layer.unwrap(
+    Effect.gen(function*() {
+      const config = yield* Effect.isEffect(evaluate)
+        ? evaluate as Effect.Effect<Configuration>
+        : Effect.sync(evaluate)
+
+      const ResourceLive = Resource.layerFromEnv(config.resource && Resource.configToAttributes(config.resource))
+
+      const TracerLive = isNonEmpty(config.spanProcessor)
+        ? Layer.provide(
+          Tracer.layer,
+          layerTracerProvider(config.spanProcessor, {
+            ...config.tracerConfig,
+            shutdownTimeout: config.shutdownTimeout
+          })
+        )
+        : Layer.empty
+
+      const MetricsLive = isNonEmpty(config.metricReader)
+        ? Metrics.layer(constant(config.metricReader), {
+          shutdownTimeout: config.shutdownTimeout,
+          temporality: config.metricTemporality
+        })
+        : Layer.empty
+
+      const LoggerLive = isNonEmpty(config.logRecordProcessor)
+        ? Layer.provide(
+          Logger.layer({ mergeWithExisting: config.loggerMergeWithExisting }),
+          Logger.layerLoggerProvider(config.logRecordProcessor, {
+            ...config.loggerProviderConfig,
+            shutdownTimeout: config.shutdownTimeout
+          })
+        )
+        : Layer.empty
+
+      return Layer.mergeAll(TracerLive, MetricsLive, LoggerLive).pipe(
+        Layer.provideMerge(ResourceLive)
+      )
+    })
+  )
+
+/**
+ * Layer that provides an empty OpenTelemetry `Resource`.
+ *
+ * @category layers
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ */
+export const layerEmpty: Layer.Layer<Resource.Resource> = Resource.layerEmpty
--- a/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/src/OtelLogger.ts
+++ b/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/src/OtelLogger.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+/**
+ * Connects Effect logging to the OpenTelemetry Logs SDK.
+ *
+ * This module turns Effect log events into OpenTelemetry log records. It maps
+ * Effect log levels to OpenTelemetry severity numbers, provides the
+ * `OtelLoggerProvider` service, creates an Effect `Logger` with `make`, and
+ * offers layers for installing that logger or creating a scoped SDK
+ * `LoggerProvider` from one or more `LogRecordProcessor`s.
+ *
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+import { SeverityNumber } from "@opentelemetry/api-logs"
+import * as Otel from "@opentelemetry/sdk-logs"
+import type { NonEmptyReadonlyArray } from "effect/Array"
+import * as Arr from "effect/Array"
+import * as Clock from "effect/Clock"
+import * as Context from "effect/Context"
+import type * as Duration from "effect/Duration"
+import * as Effect from "effect/Effect"
+import * as Layer from "effect/Layer"
+import * as Logger from "effect/Logger"
+import type * as LogLevel from "effect/LogLevel"
+import * as Predicate from "effect/Predicate"
+import * as References from "effect/References"
+import * as Tracer from "effect/Tracer"
+import { nanosToHrTime, unknownToAttributeValue } from "./internal/attributes.ts"
+import { Resource } from "./Resource.ts"
+
+/**
+ * Context service containing the OpenTelemetry `LoggerProvider` used to emit Effect log records.
+ *
+ * @category services
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export class OtelLoggerProvider extends Context.Service<
+  OtelLoggerProvider,
+  Otel.LoggerProvider
+>()("@effect/opentelemetry/Logger/OtelLoggerProvider") {}
+
+/**
+ * Maps an Effect `LogLevel` to the corresponding OpenTelemetry `SeverityNumber`.
+ *
+ * **Details**
+ *
+ * OpenTelemetry log severity numbers are in the range `1` through `24`. This
+ * function maps from Effect's log levels instead of using
+ * `LogLevel.getOrdinal`, whose internal sort ordinals, such as the `Info`
+ * ordinal `20000`, fall outside the OpenTelemetry logs data model and can be
+ * treated as `UNSPECIFIED` by validating backends.
+ *
+ * @category converting
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export const logLevelToSeverityNumber = (level: LogLevel.LogLevel): SeverityNumber => {
+  switch (level) {
+    case "Trace":
+      return SeverityNumber.TRACE
+    case "Debug":
+      return SeverityNumber.DEBUG
+    case "Info":
+      return SeverityNumber.INFO
+    case "Warn":
+      return SeverityNumber.WARN
+    case "Error":
+      return SeverityNumber.ERROR
+    case "Fatal":
+      return SeverityNumber.FATAL
+    default:
+      return SeverityNumber.UNSPECIFIED
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates an Effect logger that emits log records through the configured OpenTelemetry logger provider.
+ *
+ * @category constructors
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export const make: Effect.Effect<
+  Logger.Logger<unknown, void>,
+  never,
+  OtelLoggerProvider
+> = Effect.gen(function*() {
+  const loggerProvider = yield* OtelLoggerProvider
+  const clock = yield* Clock.Clock
+  const otelLogger = loggerProvider.getLogger("@effect/opentelemetry")
+
+  return Logger.make((options) => {
+    const attributes: Record<string, any> = {
+      fiberId: options.fiber.id
+    }
+
+    const span = Context.getOrUndefined(options.fiber.context, Tracer.ParentSpan)
+
+    if (Predicate.isNotUndefined(span)) {
+      attributes.spanId = span.spanId
+      attributes.traceId = span.traceId
+    }
+
+    for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(options.fiber.getRef(References.CurrentLogAnnotations))) {
+      attributes[key] = unknownToAttributeValue(value)
+    }
+    const now = options.date.getTime()
+    for (const [label, startTime] of options.fiber.getRef(References.CurrentLogSpans)) {
+      attributes[`logSpan.${label}`] = `${now - startTime}ms`
+    }
+
+    const message = Arr.ensure(options.message).map(unknownToAttributeValue)
+    const hrTime = nanosToHrTime(clock.currentTimeNanosUnsafe())
+    otelLogger.emit({
+      body: message.length === 1 ? message[0] : message,
+      severityText: options.logLevel,
+      severityNumber: logLevelToSeverityNumber(options.logLevel),
+      timestamp: hrTime,
+      observedTimestamp: hrTime,
+      attributes
+    })
+  })
+})
+
+/**
+ * Creates a layer that installs the OpenTelemetry-backed Effect logger, merging with existing loggers by default.
+ *
+ * **When to use**
+ *
+ * Use to install the OpenTelemetry-backed Effect logger in an application that
+ * has an `OtelLoggerProvider`, so standard Effect logging emits OpenTelemetry
+ * log records.
+ *
+ * **Details**
+ *
+ * The layer installs the logger created by `make`. `mergeWithExisting` defaults
+ * to `true`; set it to `false` to replace the current logger set.
+ *
+ * @see {@link make} for constructing the logger directly
+ * @see {@link layerLoggerProvider} for creating the required logger provider
+ *
+ * @category layers
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export const layer = (options: {
+  /**
+   * Whether to merge the OpenTelemetry logger with existing loggers.
+   *
+   * **Details**
+   *
+   * If set to `true`, the OpenTelemetry logger will be merged with existing
+   * loggers in the application.
+   *
+   * If set to `false`, the OpenTelemetry logger will replace all existing
+   * loggers in the application.
+   *
+   * Defaults to `true`.
+   */
+  readonly mergeWithExisting?: boolean | undefined
+}): Layer.Layer<never, never, OtelLoggerProvider> =>
+  Logger.layer([make], {
+    mergeWithExisting: options.mergeWithExisting ?? true
+  })
+
+/**
+ * Creates a scoped OpenTelemetry logger provider from one or more log record processors, using the current `Resource` and flushing and shutting down the provider when the layer is released.
+ *
+ * @category layers
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export const layerLoggerProvider = (
+  processor: Otel.LogRecordProcessor | NonEmptyReadonlyArray<Otel.LogRecordProcessor>,
+  config?: Omit<Otel.LoggerProviderConfig, "resource"> & {
+    readonly shutdownTimeout?: Duration.Input | undefined
+  }
+): Layer.Layer<OtelLoggerProvider, never, Resource> =>
+  Layer.effect(
+    OtelLoggerProvider,
+    Effect.gen(function*() {
+      const resource = yield* Resource
+      return yield* Effect.acquireRelease(
+        Effect.sync(() =>
+          new Otel.LoggerProvider({
+            ...(config ?? undefined),
+            processors: Arr.ensure(processor),
+            resource
+          })
+        ),
+        (provider) =>
+          Effect.promise(() => provider.forceFlush().then(() => provider.shutdown())).pipe(
+            Effect.ignore,
+            Effect.interruptible,
+            Effect.timeoutOption(config?.shutdownTimeout ?? 3000)
+          )
+      )
+    })
+  )
--- a/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/src/OtelMetrics.ts
+++ b/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/src/OtelMetrics.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+/**
+ * OpenTelemetry support for Effect metrics.
+ *
+ * This module exposes Effect metrics as an OpenTelemetry `MetricProducer`.
+ * `makeProducer` creates the producer, `registerProducer` attaches it to one
+ * or more SDK `MetricReader`s, and `layer` manages that setup in a scoped
+ * layer. The `TemporalityPreference` type lets callers choose cumulative or
+ * delta metric values.
+ *
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+import type { MetricProducer, MetricReader } from "@opentelemetry/sdk-metrics"
+import type * as Arr from "effect/Array"
+import type * as Duration from "effect/Duration"
+import * as Effect from "effect/Effect"
+import type { LazyArg } from "effect/Function"
+import * as Layer from "effect/Layer"
+import type * as Scope from "effect/Scope"
+import { MetricProducerImpl } from "./internal/metrics.ts"
+import { Resource } from "./Resource.ts"
+
+/**
+ * Determines how metric values relate to the time interval over which they
+ * are aggregated.
+ *
+ * **Details**
+ *
+ * `cumulative` reports total since a fixed start time. Each data point depends
+ * on all previous measurements. This is the default behavior. `delta` reports
+ * changes since the last export. Each interval is independent with no
+ * dependency on previous measurements.
+ *
+ * @category models
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export type TemporalityPreference = "cumulative" | "delta"
+
+/**
+ * Creates an OpenTelemetry metric producer from Effect metrics.
+ *
+ * **When to use**
+ *
+ * Use when you need a `MetricProducer` for manually wiring Effect metrics into
+ * OpenTelemetry instead of using the scoped `layer` helper.
+ *
+ * **Details**
+ *
+ * Requires the current OpenTelemetry `Resource`, captures the current Effect
+ * context, and uses cumulative temporality by default. Pass `"delta"` for
+ * interval-based values.
+ *
+ * @see {@link registerProducer} for attaching a producer to metric readers
+ * @see {@link layer} for creating and registering a producer in a scoped layer
+ *
+ * @category constructors
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export const makeProducer = (temporality?: TemporalityPreference): Effect.Effect<MetricProducer, never, Resource> =>
+  Effect.gen(function*() {
+    const resource = yield* Resource
+    const services = yield* Effect.context<never>()
+    return new MetricProducerImpl(resource, services, temporality)
+  })
+
+/**
+ * Registers a metric producer with one or more metric readers.
+ *
+ * @category constructors
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export const registerProducer = (
+  self: MetricProducer,
+  metricReader: LazyArg<MetricReader | Arr.NonEmptyReadonlyArray<MetricReader>>,
+  options?: {
+    readonly shutdownTimeout?: Duration.Input | undefined
+  }
+): Effect.Effect<Array<any>, never, Scope.Scope> =>
+  Effect.acquireRelease(
+    Effect.sync(() => {
+      const reader = metricReader()
+      const readers: Array<MetricReader> = Array.isArray(reader) ? reader : [reader] as any
+      readers.forEach((reader) => reader.setMetricProducer(self))
+      return readers
+    }),
+    (readers) =>
+      Effect.promise(() =>
+        Promise.all(
+          readers.map((reader) => reader.shutdown())
+        )
+      ).pipe(
+        Effect.ignore,
+        Effect.interruptible,
+        Effect.timeoutOption(options?.shutdownTimeout ?? 3000)
+      )
+  )
+
+/**
+ * Creates a Layer that registers a metric producer with metric readers.
+ *
+ * **Example** (Creating a metrics layer with temporality)
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { OtelMetrics } from "@effect/opentelemetry"
+ * import { PeriodicExportingMetricReader } from "@opentelemetry/sdk-metrics"
+ * import { OTLPMetricExporter } from "@opentelemetry/exporter-metrics-otlp-http"
+ *
+ * const metricExporter = new OTLPMetricExporter({ url: "<your-otel-url>" })
+ *
+ * // Use delta temporality for backends like Datadog or Dynatrace
+ * const metricsLayer = OtelMetrics.layer(
+ *   () => new PeriodicExportingMetricReader({
+ *     exporter: metricExporter,
+ *     exportIntervalMillis: 10000
+ *   }),
+ *   { temporality: "delta" }
+ * )
+ *
+ * // Use cumulative temporality for backends like Prometheus (default)
+ * const cumulativeLayer = OtelMetrics.layer(
+ *   () => new PeriodicExportingMetricReader({ exporter: metricExporter }),
+ *   { temporality: "cumulative" }
+ * )
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @category layers
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export const layer = (
+  evaluate: LazyArg<MetricReader | Arr.NonEmptyReadonlyArray<MetricReader>>,
+  options?: {
+    readonly shutdownTimeout?: Duration.Input | undefined
+    readonly temporality?: TemporalityPreference | undefined
+  }
+): Layer.Layer<never, never, Resource> =>
+  Layer.effectDiscard(Effect.flatMap(
+    makeProducer(options?.temporality),
+    (producer) => registerProducer(producer, evaluate, options)
+  ))
--- a/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/src/OtelTracer.ts
+++ b/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/src/OtelTracer.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,598 @@
+/**
+ * Bridges Effect tracing into OpenTelemetry by installing an Effect `Tracer`
+ * that creates OpenTelemetry spans, records attributes, events, links, errors,
+ * and status, and keeps OpenTelemetry context active while traced effects run.
+ * Use this module when an application already has an OpenTelemetry
+ * `TracerProvider`, or when the Node and Web SDK layers should expose Effect
+ * spans to OTLP, console, or other OpenTelemetry-compatible exporters.
+ *
+ * The layer constructors wire Effect's tracer service to either the global
+ * OpenTelemetry tracer provider or an explicitly provided `OtelTracer`. This
+ * module does not create exporters or span processors by itself, so spans are
+ * exported only when the provider has been configured by the application or by
+ * the Node/Web SDK layers. Parentage is taken from Effect spans first and can
+ * also attach to the active OpenTelemetry context, while `makeExternalSpan` and
+ * `withSpanContext` are the entry points for continuing an incoming remote
+ * trace. Preserve `traceFlags` and `traceState` when building external spans;
+ * otherwise sampling defaults to sampled and trace state cannot be propagated.
+ *
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+import * as Otel from "@opentelemetry/api"
+import * as OtelSemConv from "@opentelemetry/semantic-conventions"
+import * as Cause from "effect/Cause"
+import type * as Clock from "effect/Clock"
+import * as Context from "effect/Context"
+import * as Effect from "effect/Effect"
+import * as Exit from "effect/Exit"
+import { constTrue, dual } from "effect/Function"
+import * as Layer from "effect/Layer"
+import * as Option from "effect/Option"
+import * as Predicate from "effect/Predicate"
+import * as Tracer from "effect/Tracer"
+import { nanosToHrTime, recordToAttributes, unknownToAttributeValue } from "./internal/attributes.ts"
+import { Resource } from "./Resource.ts"
+
+// =============================================================================
+// Service Definitions
+// =============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Context service containing the OpenTelemetry `Tracer` used to create spans for Effect tracing.
+ *
+ * @category services
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export class OtelTracer extends Context.Service<
+  OtelTracer,
+  Otel.Tracer
+>()("@effect/opentelemetry/Tracer") {}
+
+/**
+ * Context service containing the OpenTelemetry `TracerProvider` used to obtain tracers.
+ *
+ * @category services
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export class OtelTracerProvider extends Context.Service<
+  OtelTracerProvider,
+  Otel.TracerProvider
+>()("@effect/opentelemetry/Tracer/OtelTracerProvider") {}
+
+/**
+ * Context service containing OpenTelemetry trace flags used when constructing external span contexts.
+ *
+ * @category services
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export class OtelTraceFlags extends Context.Service<
+  OtelTraceFlags,
+  Otel.TraceFlags
+>()("@effect/opentelemetry/Tracer/OtelTraceFlags") {}
+
+/**
+ * Context service containing OpenTelemetry trace state used when constructing external span contexts.
+ *
+ * @category services
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export class OtelTraceState extends Context.Service<
+  OtelTraceState,
+  Otel.TraceState
+>()("@effect/opentelemetry/Tracer/OtelTraceState") {}
+
+// =============================================================================
+// Constructors
+// =============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Creates an Effect `Tracer` implementation backed by the configured OpenTelemetry tracer.
+ *
+ * @category constructors
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export const make: Effect.Effect<Tracer.Tracer, never, OtelTracer> = Effect.map(
+  Effect.service(OtelTracer),
+  (tracer) =>
+    Tracer.make({
+      span(options) {
+        return new OtelSpan(
+          Otel.context,
+          Otel.trace,
+          tracer,
+          options
+        )
+      },
+      context(primitive, fiber) {
+        const currentSpan = fiber.currentSpan
+
+        if (currentSpan === undefined) {
+          return primitive["~effect/Effect/evaluate"](fiber)
+        }
+
+        return Otel.context.with(
+          populateContext(Otel.context.active(), currentSpan),
+          () => primitive["~effect/Effect/evaluate"](fiber)
+        )
+      }
+    })
+)
+
+/**
+ * Creates an Effect external span from an OpenTelemetry span context, preserving trace flags and trace state when provided.
+ *
+ * @category constructors
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export const makeExternalSpan = (options: {
+  readonly traceId: string
+  readonly spanId: string
+  readonly traceFlags?: number | undefined
+  readonly traceState?: string | Otel.TraceState | undefined
+}): Tracer.ExternalSpan => {
+  const annotations = Context.mutate(Context.empty(), (annotations) => {
+    let next = annotations
+    if (options.traceFlags !== undefined) {
+      next = Context.add(next, OtelTraceFlags, options.traceFlags)
+    }
+
+    if (typeof options.traceState === "string") {
+      try {
+        next = Context.add(next, OtelTraceState, Otel.createTraceState(options.traceState))
+      } catch {
+        //
+      }
+    } else if (options.traceState) {
+      next = Context.add(next, OtelTraceState, options.traceState)
+    }
+
+    return next
+  })
+
+  return {
+    _tag: "ExternalSpan",
+    traceId: options.traceId,
+    spanId: options.spanId,
+    sampled: Predicate.isNotUndefined(options.traceFlags) ? isSampled(options.traceFlags) : true,
+    annotations
+  }
+}
+
+// =============================================================================
+// Layers
+// =============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Layer that provides the current global OpenTelemetry tracer provider.
+ *
+ * @category layers
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export const layerGlobalProvider: Layer.Layer<OtelTracerProvider> = Layer.sync(
+  OtelTracerProvider,
+  () => Otel.trace.getTracerProvider()
+)
+
+/**
+ * Layer that creates an OpenTelemetry tracer from the provided tracer provider and resource metadata.
+ *
+ * @category layers
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export const layerTracer: Layer.Layer<OtelTracer, never, OtelTracerProvider | Resource> = Layer.effect(
+  OtelTracer,
+  Effect.gen(function*() {
+    const resource = yield* Resource
+    const provider = yield* OtelTracerProvider
+    return provider.getTracer(
+      resource.attributes[OtelSemConv.ATTR_SERVICE_NAME] as string,
+      resource.attributes[OtelSemConv.ATTR_SERVICE_VERSION] as string
+    )
+  })
+)
+
+/**
+ * Layer that creates an OpenTelemetry tracer from the global tracer provider and the current resource.
+ *
+ * @category layers
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export const layerGlobalTracer: Layer.Layer<OtelTracer, never, Resource> = layerTracer.pipe(
+  Layer.provide(layerGlobalProvider)
+)
+
+/**
+ * Layer that installs an Effect tracer backed by the global OpenTelemetry tracer provider.
+ *
+ * @category layers
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export const layerGlobal: Layer.Layer<OtelTracer, never, Resource> = Layer.effect(Tracer.Tracer, make).pipe(
+  Layer.provideMerge(layerGlobalTracer)
+)
+
+/**
+ * Layer that installs the Effect tracer using an `OtelTracer` already provided in the environment.
+ *
+ * @category layers
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export const layerWithoutOtelTracer: Layer.Layer<never, never, OtelTracer> = Layer.effect(Tracer.Tracer, make)
+
+/**
+ * Layer that creates an OpenTelemetry tracer from a provider and resource, then installs it as the Effect tracer.
+ *
+ * **When to use**
+ *
+ * Use when you already provide an `OtelTracerProvider` and a `Resource`, and
+ * want Effect spans backed by a tracer derived from them.
+ *
+ * @see {@link layerTracer} for creating only the OpenTelemetry tracer service
+ * @see {@link layerGlobal} for installing the Effect tracer from the global provider
+ * @see {@link layerWithoutOtelTracer} for installing an already-provided `OtelTracer`
+ *
+ * @category layers
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export const layer: Layer.Layer<OtelTracer, never, OtelTracerProvider | Resource> = layerWithoutOtelTracer.pipe(
+  Layer.provideMerge(layerTracer)
+)
+
+// =============================================================================
+// Utilities / Combinators
+// =============================================================================
+
+const bigint1e6 = BigInt(1_000_000)
+const bigint1e9 = BigInt(1_000_000_000)
+
+/**
+ * Gets the current OpenTelemetry span.
+ *
+ * **Details**
+ *
+ * This accessor works with both the official OpenTelemetry API, such as
+ * `Tracer.layer` and `NodeSdk.layer`, and the lightweight OTLP module, such as
+ * `OtlpTracer.layer`. When using OTLP, the returned span is a wrapper that
+ * conforms to the OpenTelemetry `Span` interface.
+ *
+ * @category accessors
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export const currentOtelSpan: Effect.Effect<Otel.Span, Cause.NoSuchElementError> = Effect.clockWith((clock) =>
+  Effect.map(Effect.currentSpan, (span) =>
+    OtelSpanTypeId in span
+      ? (span as OtelSpan).span
+      : makeOtelSpan(span, clock))
+)
+
+const makeOtelSpan = (span: Tracer.Span, clock: Clock.Clock): Otel.Span => {
+  const spanContext: Otel.SpanContext = {
+    traceId: span.traceId,
+    spanId: span.spanId,
+    traceFlags: span.sampled ? Otel.TraceFlags.SAMPLED : Otel.TraceFlags.NONE,
+    isRemote: false
+  }
+
+  let exit = Exit.void
+
+  const self: Otel.Span = {
+    spanContext: () => spanContext,
+    setAttribute(key, value) {
+      span.attribute(key, value)
+      return self
+    },
+    setAttributes(attributes) {
+      for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(attributes)) {
+        span.attribute(key, value)
+      }
+      return self
+    },
+    addEvent(name) {
+      let attributes: Otel.Attributes | undefined = undefined
+      let startTime: Otel.TimeInput | undefined = undefined
+      if (arguments.length === 3) {
+        attributes = arguments[1]
+        startTime = arguments[2]
+      } else {
+        startTime = arguments[1]
+      }
+      span.event(name, convertOtelTimeInput(startTime, clock), attributes)
+      return self
+    },
+    addLink(link) {
+      span.addLinks([{
+        span: makeExternalSpan(link.context),
+        attributes: link.attributes ?? {}
+      }])
+      return self
+    },
+    addLinks(links) {
+      span.addLinks(links.map((link) => ({
+        span: makeExternalSpan(link.context),
+        attributes: link.attributes ?? {}
+      })))
+      return self
+    },
+    setStatus(status) {
+      exit = Otel.SpanStatusCode.ERROR
+        ? Exit.die(status.message ?? "Unknown error")
+        : Exit.void
+      return self
+    },
+    updateName: () => self,
+    end(endTime) {
+      const time = convertOtelTimeInput(endTime, clock)
+      span.end(time, exit)
+      return self
+    },
+    isRecording: constTrue,
+    recordException(exception, timeInput) {
+      const time = convertOtelTimeInput(timeInput, clock)
+      const cause = Cause.fail(exception)
+      const error = Cause.prettyErrors(cause, {
+        includeCauseInStack: true
+      })[0]
+      span.event(error.message, time, {
+        "exception.type": error.name,
+        "exception.message": error.message,
+        "exception.stacktrace": error.stack ?? ""
+      })
+    }
+  }
+  return self
+}
+
+const convertOtelTimeInput = (input: Otel.TimeInput | undefined, clock: Clock.Clock): bigint => {
+  if (input === undefined) {
+    return clock.currentTimeNanosUnsafe()
+  } else if (typeof input === "number") {
+    return BigInt(Math.round(input * 1_000_000))
+  } else if (input instanceof Date) {
+    return BigInt(input.getTime()) * bigint1e6
+  }
+  const [seconds, nanos] = input
+  return BigInt(seconds) * bigint1e9 + BigInt(nanos)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sets an effect's parent span from the given OpenTelemetry `SpanContext`.
+ *
+ * **When to use**
+ *
+ * Use when you need an effect to continue a trace from a parent span context
+ * produced by OpenTelemetry instrumentation outside Effect.
+ *
+ * @category propagation
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export const withSpanContext: {
+  (
+    spanContext: Otel.SpanContext
+  ): <A, E, R>(
+    self: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>
+  ) => Effect.Effect<A, E, Exclude<R, Tracer.ParentSpan>>
+  <A, E, R>(
+    self: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>,
+    spanContext: Otel.SpanContext
+  ): Effect.Effect<A, E, Exclude<R, Tracer.ParentSpan>>
+} = dual(2, <A, E, R>(
+  self: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>,
+  spanContext: Otel.SpanContext
+) => Effect.withParentSpan(self, makeExternalSpan(spanContext)))
+
+// =============================================================================
+// Internals
+// =============================================================================
+
+const OtelSpanTypeId = "~@effect/opentelemetry/Tracer/OtelSpan"
+
+const kindMap = {
+  "internal": Otel.SpanKind.INTERNAL,
+  "client": Otel.SpanKind.CLIENT,
+  "server": Otel.SpanKind.SERVER,
+  "producer": Otel.SpanKind.PRODUCER,
+  "consumer": Otel.SpanKind.CONSUMER
+}
+
+/** @internal */
+export class OtelSpan implements Tracer.Span {
+  readonly [OtelSpanTypeId]: typeof OtelSpanTypeId
+  readonly _tag = "Span"
+
+  readonly name: string
+  readonly kind: Tracer.SpanKind
+  readonly annotations: Context.Context<never>
+  readonly links: Array<Tracer.SpanLink>
+  readonly span: Otel.Span
+  readonly spanId: string
+  readonly traceId: string
+  readonly attributes = new Map<string, unknown>()
+  readonly sampled: boolean
+  readonly parent: Option.Option<Tracer.AnySpan>
+  status: Tracer.SpanStatus
+
+  constructor(
+    contextApi: Otel.ContextAPI,
+    traceApi: Otel.TraceAPI,
+    tracer: Otel.Tracer,
+    options: Parameters<Tracer.Tracer["span"]>[0]
+  ) {
+    this[OtelSpanTypeId] = OtelSpanTypeId
+    this.name = options.name
+    this.annotations = options.annotations
+    this.links = options.links
+    this.kind = options.kind
+    const active = contextApi.active()
+    this.parent = options.root !== true
+      ? Option.orElse(options.parent, () => getOtelParent(traceApi, active, options.annotations))
+      : options.parent
+    this.span = tracer.startSpan(
+      options.name,
+      {
+        startTime: nanosToHrTime(options.startTime),
+        links: options.links.length > 0
+          ? options.links.map((link) => ({
+            context: makeSpanContext(link.span),
+            attributes: recordToAttributes(link.attributes)
+          }))
+          : undefined as any,
+        kind: kindMap[this.kind]
+      },
+      Option.isSome(this.parent) ?
+        populateContext(active, this.parent.value, options.annotations) :
+        Otel.trace.deleteSpan(active)
+    )
+    const spanContext = this.span.spanContext()
+    this.spanId = spanContext.spanId
+    this.traceId = spanContext.traceId
+    this.status = {
+      _tag: "Started",
+      startTime: options.startTime
+    }
+    this.sampled = isSampled(spanContext.traceFlags)
+  }
+
+  attribute(key: string, value: unknown) {
+    this.span.setAttribute(key, unknownToAttributeValue(value))
+    this.attributes.set(key, value)
+  }
+
+  addLinks(links: ReadonlyArray<Tracer.SpanLink>): void {
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
+    this.links.push(...links)
+    this.span.addLinks(links.map((link) => ({
+      context: makeSpanContext(link.span),
+      attributes: recordToAttributes(link.attributes)
+    })))
+  }
+
+  end(endTime: bigint, exit: Exit.Exit<unknown, unknown>) {
+    const hrTime = nanosToHrTime(endTime)
+    this.status = {
+      _tag: "Ended",
+      endTime,
+      exit,
+      startTime: this.status.startTime
+    }
+
+    if (exit._tag === "Success") {
+      this.span.setStatus({ code: Otel.SpanStatusCode.OK })
+    } else {
+      if (Cause.hasInterruptsOnly(exit.cause)) {
+        this.span.setStatus({
+          code: Otel.SpanStatusCode.OK,
+          message: Cause.pretty(exit.cause)
+        })
+        this.span.setAttribute("span.label", "⚠︎ Interrupted")
+        this.span.setAttribute("status.interrupted", true)
+      } else {
+        const errors = Cause.prettyErrors(exit.cause, {
+          includeCauseInStack: true
+        })
+        if (errors.length > 0) {
+          for (const error of errors) {
+            this.span.recordException(error, hrTime)
+          }
+          this.span.setStatus({
+            code: Otel.SpanStatusCode.ERROR,
+            message: errors[0].message
+          })
+        } else {
+          // empty cause means no error
+          this.span.setStatus({ code: Otel.SpanStatusCode.OK })
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    this.span.end(hrTime)
+  }
+
+  event(name: string, startTime: bigint, attributes?: Record<string, unknown>) {
+    this.span.addEvent(
+      name,
+      attributes ? recordToAttributes(attributes) : undefined,
+      nanosToHrTime(startTime)
+    )
+  }
+}
+
+const isSampled = (traceFlags: Otel.TraceFlags): boolean =>
+  (traceFlags & Otel.TraceFlags.SAMPLED) === Otel.TraceFlags.SAMPLED
+
+const getOtelParent = (
+  tracer: Otel.TraceAPI,
+  context: Otel.Context,
+  annotations: Context.Context<never>
+): Option.Option<Tracer.AnySpan> => {
+  const otelParent = tracer.getSpan(context)?.spanContext()
+  if (!otelParent) return Option.none()
+  return Option.some(Tracer.externalSpan({
+    spanId: otelParent.spanId,
+    traceId: otelParent.traceId,
+    sampled: (otelParent.traceFlags & 1) === 1,
+    annotations
+  }))
+}
+
+const makeSpanContext = (
+  span: Tracer.AnySpan,
+  annotations?: Context.Context<never>
+): Otel.SpanContext => {
+  const traceFlags = makeTraceFlags(span, annotations)
+  const traceState = makeTraceState(span, annotations)!
+  return ({
+    spanId: span.spanId,
+    traceId: span.traceId,
+    isRemote: span._tag === "ExternalSpan",
+    traceFlags,
+    traceState
+  })
+}
+
+const makeTraceFlags = (
+  span: Tracer.AnySpan,
+  annotations: Context.Context<never> | undefined
+): Otel.TraceFlags => {
+  let traceFlags: Otel.TraceFlags | undefined
+  if (Predicate.isNotUndefined(annotations)) {
+    traceFlags = extractTraceService(span, annotations, OtelTraceFlags)
+    if (Predicate.isUndefined(traceFlags)) {
+      traceFlags = Context.getOrUndefined(span.annotations, OtelTraceFlags)
+    }
+  }
+  return traceFlags ?? (span.sampled ? Otel.TraceFlags.SAMPLED : Otel.TraceFlags.NONE)
+}
+
+const makeTraceState = (
+  span: Tracer.AnySpan,
+  annotations: Context.Context<never> | undefined
+): Otel.TraceState | undefined => {
+  let traceState: Otel.TraceState | undefined
+  if (Predicate.isNotUndefined(annotations)) {
+    traceState = extractTraceService(span, annotations, OtelTraceState)
+    if (Predicate.isUndefined(traceState)) {
+      traceState = Context.getOrUndefined(span.annotations, OtelTraceState)
+    }
+  }
+  return traceState
+}
+
+const extractTraceService = <I, S>(
+  parent: Tracer.AnySpan,
+  annotations: Context.Context<never>,
+  service: Context.Service<I, S>
+) => {
+  const instance = Context.getOrUndefined(annotations, service)
+  if (Predicate.isNotUndefined(instance)) {
+    return instance
+  }
+  return Context.getOrUndefined(parent.annotations, service)
+}
+
+const populateContext = (
+  context: Otel.Context,
+  span: Tracer.AnySpan,
+  annotations?: Context.Context<never> | undefined
+): Otel.Context =>
+  span instanceof OtelSpan ?
+    Otel.trace.setSpan(context, span.span) :
+    Otel.trace.setSpanContext(context, makeSpanContext(span, annotations))
--- a/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/src/Resource.ts
+++ b/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/src/Resource.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+/**
+ * OpenTelemetry resource service and layers.
+ *
+ * An OpenTelemetry resource identifies the process or service that emits spans,
+ * metrics, and logs. This module stores that resource in Effect context and
+ * provides layers for creating it from explicit service metadata, from
+ * `OTEL_SERVICE_NAME` and `OTEL_RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTES`, or as an empty resource.
+ * It also includes `configToAttributes` for turning service metadata into raw
+ * OpenTelemetry attributes.
+ *
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+import type * as OtelApi from "@opentelemetry/api"
+import * as Resources from "@opentelemetry/resources"
+import * as OtelSemConv from "@opentelemetry/semantic-conventions"
+import * as Arr from "effect/Array"
+import * as Config from "effect/Config"
+import * as Context from "effect/Context"
+import * as Effect from "effect/Effect"
+import * as Layer from "effect/Layer"
+
+/**
+ * Service tag for OpenTelemetry metadata attached to emitted telemetry.
+ *
+ * **When to use**
+ *
+ * Use to provide process, service, and deployment metadata that should be
+ * attached to spans, metrics, and logs.
+ *
+ * @category services
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export class Resource extends Context.Service<
+  Resource,
+  Resources.Resource
+>()("@effect/opentelemetry/Resource") {}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a `Resource` layer from service metadata and additional OpenTelemetry attributes.
+ *
+ * @category layers
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export const layer = (config: {
+  readonly serviceName: string
+  readonly serviceVersion?: string
+  readonly attributes?: OtelApi.Attributes
+}) =>
+  Layer.succeed(
+    Resource,
+    Resources.resourceFromAttributes(configToAttributes(config))
+  )
+
+/**
+ * Converts resource configuration into OpenTelemetry attributes, adding service name, optional service version, and telemetry SDK metadata.
+ *
+ * **When to use**
+ *
+ * Use to turn explicit service metadata into a raw OpenTelemetry attribute map
+ * for lower-level resource construction or merging with environment-derived
+ * attributes via `layerFromEnv`.
+ *
+ * **Details**
+ *
+ * The returned record copies `attributes` first, then sets `service.name`,
+ * `telemetry.sdk.name`, and `telemetry.sdk.language`. `service.version` is
+ * included only when `serviceVersion` is provided.
+ *
+ * **Gotchas**
+ *
+ * Custom values for `service.name` and `telemetry.sdk.*` are overwritten by this
+ * helper. An empty `serviceVersion` is treated as absent.
+ *
+ * @see {@link layer} for creating a `Resource` layer from explicit metadata
+ * @see {@link layerFromEnv} for merging attributes with OpenTelemetry environment variables
+ *
+ * @category configuration
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export const configToAttributes = (options: {
+  readonly serviceName: string
+  readonly serviceVersion?: string
+  readonly attributes?: OtelApi.Attributes
+}): Record<string, string> => {
+  const attributes: Record<string, string> = {
+    ...(options.attributes ?? undefined),
+    [OtelSemConv.ATTR_SERVICE_NAME]: options.serviceName,
+    [OtelSemConv.ATTR_TELEMETRY_SDK_NAME]: "@effect/opentelemetry",
+    [OtelSemConv.ATTR_TELEMETRY_SDK_LANGUAGE]: typeof (globalThis as any).document === "undefined"
+      ? OtelSemConv.TELEMETRY_SDK_LANGUAGE_VALUE_NODEJS
+      : OtelSemConv.TELEMETRY_SDK_LANGUAGE_VALUE_WEBJS
+  }
+  if (options.serviceVersion) {
+    attributes[OtelSemConv.ATTR_SERVICE_VERSION] = options.serviceVersion
+  }
+  return attributes
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a `Resource` layer from OpenTelemetry environment variables, optionally merging additional attributes.
+ *
+ * @category layers
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export const layerFromEnv = (
+  additionalAttributes?:
+    | OtelApi.Attributes
+    | undefined
+): Layer.Layer<Resource> =>
+  Layer.effect(
+    Resource,
+    Effect.gen(function*() {
+      const serviceName = yield* Config.option(Config.string("OTEL_SERVICE_NAME"))
+      const attributes = yield* Config.string("OTEL_RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTES").pipe(
+        Config.withDefault(""),
+        Config.map((s) => {
+          const attrs = s.split(",")
+          return Arr.reduce(attrs, {} as OtelApi.Attributes, (acc, attr) => {
+            const parts = attr.split("=")
+            if (parts.length !== 2) {
+              return acc
+            }
+            acc[parts[0].trim()] = parts[1].trim()
+            return acc
+          })
+        })
+      )
+      if (serviceName._tag === "Some") {
+        attributes[OtelSemConv.ATTR_SERVICE_NAME] = serviceName.value
+      }
+      if (additionalAttributes) {
+        Object.assign(attributes, additionalAttributes)
+      }
+      return Resources.resourceFromAttributes(attributes)
+    }).pipe(Effect.orDie)
+  )
+
+/**
+ * Layer that provides an empty OpenTelemetry resource.
+ *
+ * @category layers
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export const layerEmpty = Layer.succeed(
+  Resource,
+  Resources.emptyResource()
+)
--- a/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/src/WebSdk.ts
+++ b/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/src/WebSdk.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+/**
+ * Browser OpenTelemetry setup for Effect applications.
+ *
+ * This module exports a `Configuration` type and layers for installing
+ * tracing, metrics, and logging in browser runtimes. The main `layer` builds
+ * the shared OpenTelemetry resource from explicit service metadata, then
+ * enables only the signal types that have processors or readers configured.
+ * `layerTracerProvider` creates a scoped `WebTracerProvider`.
+ *
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+import type * as Otel from "@opentelemetry/api"
+import type { LoggerProviderConfig, LogRecordProcessor } from "@opentelemetry/sdk-logs"
+import type { MetricReader } from "@opentelemetry/sdk-metrics"
+import type { SpanProcessor, TracerConfig } from "@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-base"
+import { WebTracerProvider } from "@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-web"
+import type { NonEmptyReadonlyArray } from "effect/Array"
+import * as Effect from "effect/Effect"
+import { constant, type LazyArg } from "effect/Function"
+import * as Layer from "effect/Layer"
+import { isNonEmpty } from "./internal/utilities.ts"
+import * as Logger from "./OtelLogger.ts"
+import * as Metrics from "./OtelMetrics.ts"
+import * as Tracer from "./OtelTracer.ts"
+import * as Resource from "./Resource.ts"
+
+/**
+ * Configuration for the Web OpenTelemetry layer, including resource metadata and optional tracing, metrics, and logging settings.
+ *
+ * @category models
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export interface Configuration {
+  readonly spanProcessor?: SpanProcessor | ReadonlyArray<SpanProcessor> | undefined
+  readonly tracerConfig?: Omit<TracerConfig, "resource">
+  readonly metricReader?: MetricReader | ReadonlyArray<MetricReader> | undefined
+  readonly metricTemporality?: Metrics.TemporalityPreference | undefined
+  readonly logRecordProcessor?: LogRecordProcessor | ReadonlyArray<LogRecordProcessor> | undefined
+  readonly loggerProviderConfig?: Omit<LoggerProviderConfig, "resource"> | undefined
+  readonly loggerMergeWithExisting?: boolean | undefined
+  readonly resource: {
+    readonly serviceName: string
+    readonly serviceVersion?: string
+    readonly attributes?: Otel.Attributes
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a scoped Web OpenTelemetry tracer provider from one or more span processors and shuts it down when the layer is released.
+ *
+ * @category layers
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export const layerTracerProvider = (
+  processor: SpanProcessor | NonEmptyReadonlyArray<SpanProcessor>,
+  config?: Omit<TracerConfig, "resource">
+): Layer.Layer<Tracer.OtelTracerProvider, never, Resource.Resource> =>
+  Layer.effect(
+    Tracer.OtelTracerProvider,
+    Effect.gen(function*() {
+      const resource = yield* Resource.Resource
+      return yield* Effect.acquireRelease(
+        Effect.sync(() => {
+          const provider = new WebTracerProvider({
+            ...(config ?? undefined),
+            resource,
+            spanProcessors: Array.isArray(processor) ? (processor as any) : [processor]
+          })
+          return provider
+        }),
+        (provider) =>
+          Effect.ignore(
+            Effect.promise(() => provider.forceFlush().then(() => provider.shutdown()))
+          )
+      )
+    })
+  )
+
+/**
+ * Creates a Web OpenTelemetry layer from configuration, providing the resource and enabling tracing, metrics, and logging when configured.
+ *
+ * **When to use**
+ *
+ * Use to install browser OpenTelemetry support when service metadata is
+ * configured in code and telemetry processors or readers are supplied directly.
+ *
+ * **Details**
+ *
+ * The configuration can be provided lazily or effectfully. The layer always
+ * provides `Resource.Resource`; tracing, metrics, and logging are installed only
+ * when the corresponding processors or readers are non-empty.
+ *
+ * **Gotchas**
+ *
+ * Browser resource metadata is explicit; this layer does not read
+ * OpenTelemetry environment variables. Empty processor or reader arrays are
+ * treated as not configured.
+ *
+ * @category layers
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export const layer: {
+  (evaluate: LazyArg<Configuration>): Layer.Layer<Resource.Resource>
+  <E, R>(evaluate: Effect.Effect<Configuration, E, R>): Layer.Layer<Resource.Resource, E, R>
+} = (
+  evaluate: LazyArg<Configuration> | Effect.Effect<Configuration, any, any>
+): Layer.Layer<Resource.Resource> =>
+  Layer.unwrap(
+    Effect.gen(function*() {
+      const config = yield* Effect.isEffect(evaluate)
+        ? evaluate as Effect.Effect<Configuration>
+        : Effect.sync(evaluate)
+
+      const ResourceLive = Resource.layer(config.resource)
+
+      const TracerLive = isNonEmpty(config.spanProcessor)
+        ? Layer.provide(
+          Tracer.layer,
+          layerTracerProvider(config.spanProcessor, config.tracerConfig)
+        )
+        : Layer.empty
+
+      const LoggerLive = isNonEmpty(config.logRecordProcessor)
+        ? Layer.provide(
+          Logger.layer({ mergeWithExisting: config.loggerMergeWithExisting }),
+          Logger.layerLoggerProvider(config.logRecordProcessor, config.loggerProviderConfig)
+        )
+        : Layer.empty
+
+      const MetricsLive = isNonEmpty(config.metricReader)
+        ? Metrics.layer(constant(config.metricReader), {
+          temporality: config.metricTemporality
+        })
+        : Layer.empty
+
+      return Layer.mergeAll(TracerLive, MetricsLive, LoggerLive).pipe(
+        Layer.provideMerge(ResourceLive)
+      )
+    })
+  )
--- a/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/src/index.ts
+++ b/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/src/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/**
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+
+// @barrel: Auto-generated exports. Do not edit manually.
+
+/**
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export * as NodeSdk from "./NodeSdk.ts"
+
+/**
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export * as OtelLogger from "./OtelLogger.ts"
+
+/**
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export * as OtelMetrics from "./OtelMetrics.ts"
+
+/**
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export * as OtelTracer from "./OtelTracer.ts"
+
+/**
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export * as Resource from "./Resource.ts"
+
+/**
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export * as WebSdk from "./WebSdk.ts"
--- a/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/src/internal/attributes.ts
+++ b/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/src/internal/attributes.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import type * as Otel from "@opentelemetry/api"
+import * as Inspectable from "effect/Inspectable"
+
+const bigint1e9 = BigInt(1_000_000_000)
+
+/** @internal */
+export const nanosToHrTime = (timestamp: bigint): Otel.HrTime => {
+  return [Number(timestamp / bigint1e9), Number(timestamp % bigint1e9)]
+}
+
+/** @internal */
+export const recordToAttributes = (record: Record<string, unknown>): Otel.Attributes => {
+  const attributes: Otel.Attributes = {}
+  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(record)) {
+    attributes[key] = unknownToAttributeValue(value)
+  }
+  return attributes
+}
+
+/** @internal */
+export const unknownToAttributeValue = (value: unknown): Otel.AttributeValue => {
+  if (typeof value === "string" || typeof value === "number" || typeof value === "boolean") {
+    return value
+  } else if (typeof value === "bigint") {
+    return value.toString()
+  }
+  return Inspectable.toStringUnknown(value)
+}
--- a/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/src/internal/metrics.ts
+++ b/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/src/internal/metrics.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,463 @@
+import { type HrTime, ValueType } from "@opentelemetry/api"
+import type * as Resources from "@opentelemetry/resources"
+import type {
+  CollectionResult,
+  DataPoint,
+  Histogram,
+  MetricCollectOptions,
+  MetricData,
+  MetricProducer
+} from "@opentelemetry/sdk-metrics"
+import { AggregationTemporality, DataPointType, InstrumentType } from "@opentelemetry/sdk-metrics"
+import type { InstrumentDescriptor } from "@opentelemetry/sdk-metrics/build/src/InstrumentDescriptor.js"
+import * as Arr from "effect/Array"
+import type * as Context from "effect/Context"
+import * as Metric from "effect/Metric"
+import type * as Metrics from "../OtelMetrics.ts"
+
+const sdkName = "@effect/opentelemetry/Metrics"
+
+type MetricDataWithInstrumentDescriptor = MetricData & {
+  readonly descriptor: InstrumentDescriptor
+}
+
+interface PreviousHistogramState {
+  readonly count: number
+  readonly sum: number
+  readonly bucketCounts: ReadonlyArray<number>
+  readonly min: number
+  readonly max: number
+}
+
+interface PreviousSummaryState {
+  readonly count: number
+  readonly sum: number
+}
+
+/** @internal */
+export class MetricProducerImpl implements MetricProducer {
+  resource: Resources.Resource
+  context: Context.Context<never>
+  temporality: Metrics.TemporalityPreference
+  startTimes: Map<string, HrTime>
+  startTimeNanos: HrTime
+  previousExportTimeNanos: HrTime
+  previousCounterState: Map<string, number | bigint>
+  previousHistogramState: Map<string, PreviousHistogramState>
+  previousFrequencyState: Map<string, Map<string, number>>
+  previousSummaryState: Map<string, PreviousSummaryState>
+
+  constructor(
+    resource: Resources.Resource,
+    context: Context.Context<never>,
+    temporality: Metrics.TemporalityPreference = "cumulative"
+  ) {
+    this.resource = resource
+    this.context = context
+    this.temporality = temporality
+    this.startTimes = new Map()
+    this.startTimeNanos = currentHrTime()
+    this.previousExportTimeNanos = this.startTimeNanos
+    this.previousCounterState = new Map()
+    this.previousHistogramState = new Map()
+    this.previousFrequencyState = new Map()
+    this.previousSummaryState = new Map()
+  }
+
+  startTimeFor(name: string, hrTime: HrTime) {
+    if (this.startTimes.has(name)) {
+      return this.startTimes.get(name)!
+    }
+    this.startTimes.set(name, hrTime)
+    return hrTime
+  }
+
+  collect(_options?: MetricCollectOptions): Promise<CollectionResult> {
+    const snapshot = Metric.snapshotUnsafe(this.context)
+    const hrTimeNow = currentHrTime()
+    const metricData: Array<MetricData> = []
+    const metricDataByName = new Map<string, MetricData>()
+    const addMetricData = (data: MetricDataWithInstrumentDescriptor) => {
+      metricData.push(data)
+      metricDataByName.set(data.descriptor.name, data)
+    }
+
+    const isDelta = this.temporality === "delta"
+    const aggregationTemporality = isDelta
+      ? AggregationTemporality.DELTA
+      : AggregationTemporality.CUMULATIVE
+    const intervalStartTime = isDelta
+      ? this.previousExportTimeNanos
+      : this.startTimeNanos
+
+    for (let i = 0, len = snapshot.length; i < len; i++) {
+      const state = snapshot[i]
+      const attributes = state.attributes
+        ? Arr.reduce(Object.entries(state.attributes), {} as Record<string, string>, (acc, [key, value]) => {
+          acc[key] = String(value)
+          return acc
+        })
+        : {}
+      const metricKey = makeMetricKey(state.id, state.attributes)
+
+      switch (state.type) {
+        case "Counter": {
+          const currentCount = state.state.count
+          let reportValue: number | bigint = currentCount
+
+          if (isDelta) {
+            const previousCount = this.previousCounterState.get(metricKey)
+            if (previousCount !== undefined) {
+              if (typeof currentCount === "bigint" && typeof previousCount === "bigint") {
+                reportValue = currentCount - previousCount
+                // Handle reset: if current < previous, report current value
+                if (reportValue < BigInt(0)) {
+                  reportValue = currentCount
+                }
+              } else {
+                const curr = Number(currentCount)
+                const prev = Number(previousCount)
+                reportValue = curr - prev
+                // Handle reset
+                if (reportValue < 0) {
+                  reportValue = curr
+                }
+              }
+            }
+            this.previousCounterState.set(metricKey, currentCount)
+          }
+
+          const descriptor = descriptorFromState(state, attributes)
+          const startTime = this.startTimeFor(descriptor.name, intervalStartTime)
+          const dataPoint: DataPoint<number> = {
+            startTime,
+            endTime: hrTimeNow,
+            attributes,
+            value: Number(reportValue)
+          }
+          if (metricDataByName.has(state.id)) {
+            metricDataByName.get(state.id)!.dataPoints.push(dataPoint as any)
+          } else {
+            addMetricData({
+              dataPointType: DataPointType.SUM,
+              descriptor,
+              isMonotonic: state.state.incremental,
+              aggregationTemporality,
+              dataPoints: [dataPoint]
+            })
+          }
+          break
+        }
+        case "Gauge": {
+          // Gauges don't have temporality - they always report current value
+          const descriptor = descriptorFromState(state, attributes)
+          const startTime = this.startTimeFor(descriptor.name, this.startTimeNanos)
+          const dataPoint: DataPoint<number> = {
+            startTime,
+            endTime: hrTimeNow,
+            attributes,
+            value: Number(state.state.value)
+          }
+          if (metricDataByName.has(state.id)) {
+            metricDataByName.get(state.id)!.dataPoints.push(dataPoint as any)
+          } else {
+            addMetricData({
+              dataPointType: DataPointType.GAUGE,
+              descriptor,
+              aggregationTemporality: AggregationTemporality.CUMULATIVE,
+              dataPoints: [dataPoint]
+            })
+          }
+          break
+        }
+        case "Histogram": {
+          const size = state.state.buckets.length
+          const currentBuckets = {
+            boundaries: Arr.allocate(size - 1) as Array<number>,
+            counts: Arr.allocate(size) as Array<number>
+          }
+          let idx = 0
+          let prev = 0
+          for (const [boundary, value] of state.state.buckets) {
+            if (idx < size - 1) {
+              currentBuckets.boundaries[idx] = boundary
+            }
+            currentBuckets.counts[idx] = value - prev
+            prev = value
+            idx++
+          }
+
+          let reportCount = state.state.count
+          let reportSum = state.state.sum
+          let reportBucketCounts = currentBuckets.counts
+          const reportMin = state.state.min
+          const reportMax = state.state.max
+
+          if (isDelta) {
+            const previousState = this.previousHistogramState.get(metricKey)
+            if (previousState !== undefined) {
+              reportCount = state.state.count - previousState.count
+              reportSum = state.state.sum - previousState.sum
+              reportBucketCounts = currentBuckets.counts.map((c, i) =>
+                Math.max(0, c - (previousState.bucketCounts[i] ?? 0))
+              )
+            }
+            this.previousHistogramState.set(metricKey, {
+              count: state.state.count,
+              sum: state.state.sum,
+              bucketCounts: currentBuckets.counts.slice(),
+              min: state.state.min,
+              max: state.state.max
+            })
+          }
+
+          const descriptor = descriptorFromState(state, attributes)
+          const startTime = this.startTimeFor(descriptor.name, intervalStartTime)
+          const dataPoint: DataPoint<Histogram> = {
+            startTime,
+            endTime: hrTimeNow,
+            attributes,
+            value: {
+              buckets: {
+                boundaries: currentBuckets.boundaries,
+                counts: reportBucketCounts
+              },
+              count: reportCount,
+              min: reportMin,
+              max: reportMax,
+              sum: reportSum
+            }
+          }
+
+          if (metricDataByName.has(state.id)) {
+            metricDataByName.get(state.id)!.dataPoints.push(dataPoint as any)
+          } else {
+            addMetricData({
+              dataPointType: DataPointType.HISTOGRAM,
+              descriptor,
+              aggregationTemporality,
+              dataPoints: [dataPoint]
+            })
+          }
+          break
+        }
+        case "Frequency": {
+          const dataPoints: Array<DataPoint<number>> = []
+          const currentOccurrences = new Map<string, number>()
+
+          for (const [freqKey, value] of state.state.occurrences) {
+            currentOccurrences.set(freqKey, value)
+            let reportValue = value
+
+            if (isDelta) {
+              const previousOccurrences = this.previousFrequencyState.get(metricKey)
+              if (previousOccurrences !== undefined) {
+                const previousValue = previousOccurrences.get(freqKey) ?? 0
+                reportValue = Math.max(0, value - previousValue)
+              }
+            }
+
+            const descriptor = descriptorFromState(state, attributes)
+            const startTime = this.startTimeFor(descriptor.name, intervalStartTime)
+            dataPoints.push({
+              startTime,
+              endTime: hrTimeNow,
+              attributes: {
+                ...attributes,
+                key: freqKey
+              },
+              value: reportValue
+            })
+          }
+
+          if (isDelta) {
+            this.previousFrequencyState.set(metricKey, currentOccurrences)
+          }
+
+          if (metricDataByName.has(state.id)) {
+            // oxlint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
+            metricDataByName.get(state.id)!.dataPoints.push(...dataPoints as any)
+          } else {
+            const descriptor = descriptorFromState(state, attributes)
+            addMetricData({
+              dataPointType: DataPointType.SUM,
+              descriptor,
+              aggregationTemporality,
+              isMonotonic: true,
+              dataPoints
+            })
+          }
+          break
+        }
+        case "Summary": {
+          // Quantiles are always computed fresh from the sliding window
+          const dataPoints: Array<DataPoint<number>> = [{
+            startTime: intervalStartTime,
+            endTime: hrTimeNow,
+            attributes: { ...attributes, quantile: "min" },
+            value: state.state.min
+          }]
+          for (const [quantile, value] of state.state.quantiles) {
+            dataPoints.push({
+              startTime: intervalStartTime,
+              endTime: hrTimeNow,
+              attributes: { ...attributes, quantile: quantile.toString() },
+              value: value ?? 0
+            })
+          }
+          dataPoints.push({
+            startTime: intervalStartTime,
+            endTime: hrTimeNow,
+            attributes: { ...attributes, quantile: "max" },
+            value: state.state.max
+          })
+
+          let reportCount = state.state.count
+          let reportSum = state.state.sum
+
+          if (isDelta) {
+            const previousState = this.previousSummaryState.get(metricKey)
+            if (previousState !== undefined) {
+              reportCount = state.state.count - previousState.count
+              reportSum = state.state.sum - previousState.sum
+            }
+            this.previousSummaryState.set(metricKey, {
+              count: state.state.count,
+              sum: state.state.sum
+            })
+          }
+
+          const countDataPoint: DataPoint<number> = {
+            startTime: intervalStartTime,
+            endTime: hrTimeNow,
+            attributes,
+            value: reportCount
+          }
+          const sumDataPoint: DataPoint<number> = {
+            startTime: intervalStartTime,
+            endTime: hrTimeNow,
+            attributes,
+            value: reportSum
+          }
+
+          if (metricDataByName.has(`${state.id}_quantiles`)) {
+            // oxlint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
+            metricDataByName.get(`${state.id}_quantiles`)!.dataPoints.push(...dataPoints as any)
+            metricDataByName.get(`${state.id}_count`)!.dataPoints.push(countDataPoint as any)
+            metricDataByName.get(`${state.id}_sum`)!.dataPoints.push(sumDataPoint as any)
+          } else {
+            const descriptor = descriptorFromState(state, attributes)
+            addMetricData({
+              dataPointType: DataPointType.SUM,
+              descriptor: {
+                ...descriptor,
+                name: `${descriptor.name}_quantiles`
+              },
+              aggregationTemporality,
+              isMonotonic: false,
+              dataPoints
+            })
+            addMetricData({
+              dataPointType: DataPointType.SUM,
+              descriptor: {
+                name: `${state.id}_count`,
+                description: state.description ?? "",
+                unit: "1",
+                type: InstrumentType.COUNTER,
+                valueType: ValueType.INT,
+                advice: {}
+              },
+              aggregationTemporality,
+              isMonotonic: true,
+              dataPoints: [countDataPoint]
+            })
+            addMetricData({
+              dataPointType: DataPointType.SUM,
+              descriptor: {
+                name: `${state.id}_sum`,
+                description: state.description ?? "",
+                unit: "1",
+                type: InstrumentType.COUNTER,
+                valueType: ValueType.DOUBLE,
+                advice: {}
+              },
+              aggregationTemporality,
+              isMonotonic: true,
+              dataPoints: [sumDataPoint]
+            })
+          }
+          break
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Update the previous export time for delta calculations
+    if (isDelta) {
+      this.previousExportTimeNanos = hrTimeNow
+    }
+
+    return Promise.resolve({
+      resourceMetrics: {
+        resource: this.resource,
+        scopeMetrics: [{
+          scope: { name: sdkName },
+          metrics: metricData
+        }]
+      },
+      errors: []
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+/** Creates a unique key for a metric including its attributes */
+const makeMetricKey = (id: string, attributes: Metric.Metric.AttributeSet | undefined): string => {
+  if (attributes === undefined || Object.keys(attributes).length === 0) {
+    return id
+  }
+  const sortedEntries = Object.entries(attributes).sort((a, b) => a[0].localeCompare(b[0]))
+  return `${id}:${JSON.stringify(sortedEntries)}`
+}
+
+const currentHrTime = (): HrTime => {
+  const now = Date.now()
+  return [Math.floor(now / 1000), (now % 1000) * 1000000]
+}
+
+const descriptorFromState = (
+  state: Metric.Metric.Snapshot,
+  attributes: Record<string, string>
+): InstrumentDescriptor => {
+  const unit = attributes.unit ?? attributes.time_unit ?? "1"
+  return {
+    name: state.id,
+    description: state.description ?? "",
+    unit,
+    type: instrumentTypeFromSnapshot(state),
+    valueType: determineValueType(state),
+    advice: {}
+  }
+}
+
+const instrumentTypeFromSnapshot = (state: Metric.Metric.Snapshot): InstrumentType => {
+  switch (state.type) {
+    case "Histogram":
+      return InstrumentType.HISTOGRAM
+    case "Gauge":
+      return InstrumentType.OBSERVABLE_GAUGE
+    case "Frequency":
+      return InstrumentType.COUNTER
+    case "Counter":
+      return state.state.incremental ? InstrumentType.COUNTER : InstrumentType.UP_DOWN_COUNTER
+    case "Summary":
+      return InstrumentType.COUNTER
+  }
+}
+
+const determineValueType = (state: Metric.Metric.Snapshot): ValueType => {
+  if (state.type === "Counter") {
+    return typeof state.state.count === "bigint" ? ValueType.INT : ValueType.DOUBLE
+  } else if (state.type === "Gauge") {
+    return typeof state.state.value === "bigint" ? ValueType.INT : ValueType.DOUBLE
+  }
+  return ValueType.DOUBLE
+}
--- a/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/src/internal/utilities.ts
+++ b/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/src/internal/utilities.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import type { NonEmptyReadonlyArray } from "effect/Array"
+
+/** @internal */
+export const isNonEmpty = <A>(a: A | ReadonlyArray<A> | undefined): a is A | NonEmptyReadonlyArray<A> =>
+  a !== undefined && !(Array.isArray(a) && a.length === 0)
--- a/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/test/OtelLogger.test.ts
+++ b/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/test/OtelLogger.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+import * as NodeSdk from "@effect/opentelemetry/NodeSdk"
+import { assert, describe, it } from "@effect/vitest"
+import { SeverityNumber } from "@opentelemetry/api-logs"
+import { InMemoryLogRecordExporter, SimpleLogRecordProcessor } from "@opentelemetry/sdk-logs"
+import { InMemorySpanExporter, SimpleSpanProcessor } from "@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-base"
+import * as Clock from "effect/Clock"
+import * as Effect from "effect/Effect"
+import * as Layer from "effect/Layer"
+import * as References from "effect/References"
+
+describe("Logger", () => {
+  describe("provided", () => {
+    const exporter = new InMemoryLogRecordExporter()
+
+    const TracingLive = NodeSdk.layer(Effect.sync(() => ({
+      resource: {
+        serviceName: "test"
+      },
+      logRecordProcessor: [new SimpleLogRecordProcessor({ exporter })]
+    })))
+
+    it.effect("emits log records", () =>
+      Effect.gen(function*() {
+        yield* Effect.log("test").pipe(
+          Effect.repeat({ times: 9 })
+        )
+        assert.lengthOf(exporter.getFinishedLogRecords(), 10)
+      }).pipe(Effect.provide(TracingLive)))
+
+    it.effect("maps Effect LogLevel to OTel SeverityNumber spec values", () => {
+      const severityExporter = new InMemoryLogRecordExporter()
+      const SeverityLayer = NodeSdk.layer(Effect.sync(() => ({
+        resource: { serviceName: "test" },
+        logRecordProcessor: [new SimpleLogRecordProcessor({ exporter: severityExporter })]
+      })))
+
+      return Effect.gen(function*() {
+        yield* Effect.logTrace("trace")
+        yield* Effect.logDebug("debug")
+        yield* Effect.logInfo("info")
+        yield* Effect.logWarning("warn")
+        yield* Effect.logError("error")
+        yield* Effect.logFatal("fatal")
+
+        const records = severityExporter.getFinishedLogRecords()
+        const byText = Object.fromEntries(records.map((r) => [r.severityText, r.severityNumber]))
+
+        assert.strictEqual(byText.Trace, SeverityNumber.TRACE)
+        assert.strictEqual(byText.Debug, SeverityNumber.DEBUG)
+        assert.strictEqual(byText.Info, SeverityNumber.INFO)
+        assert.strictEqual(byText.Warn, SeverityNumber.WARN)
+        assert.strictEqual(byText.Error, SeverityNumber.ERROR)
+        assert.strictEqual(byText.Fatal, SeverityNumber.FATAL)
+      }).pipe(
+        Effect.provide(SeverityLayer.pipe(Layer.provideMerge(Layer.succeed(References.MinimumLogLevel, "Trace"))))
+      )
+    })
+
+    it.effect("uses monotonic clock timestamps and keeps them aligned with spans", () => {
+      const logExporter = new InMemoryLogRecordExporter()
+      const spanExporter = new InMemorySpanExporter()
+      const timeNanos = 1_735_689_600_123_456_789n
+      const expectedTime: readonly [number, number] = [
+        Number(timeNanos / BigInt(1_000_000_000)),
+        Number(timeNanos % BigInt(1_000_000_000))
+      ]
+      const skewedClock: Clock.Clock = {
+        currentTimeMillisUnsafe: () => 1,
+        currentTimeMillis: Effect.succeed(1),
+        currentTimeNanosUnsafe: () => timeNanos,
+        currentTimeNanos: Effect.succeed(timeNanos),
+        sleep: () => Effect.void
+      }
+
+      const TracingLive = NodeSdk.layer(Effect.sync(() => ({
+        resource: {
+          serviceName: "test"
+        },
+        spanProcessor: [new SimpleSpanProcessor(spanExporter)],
+        logRecordProcessor: [new SimpleLogRecordProcessor({ exporter: logExporter })]
+      })))
+
+      return Effect.gen(function*() {
+        yield* Effect.log("test").pipe(
+          Effect.withSpan("parent")
+        )
+
+        const logs = logExporter.getFinishedLogRecords()
+        const spans = spanExporter.getFinishedSpans()
+        assert.lengthOf(logs, 1)
+        assert.lengthOf(spans, 1)
+        const log = logs[0]!
+        const span = spans[0]!
+
+        assert.deepStrictEqual(log.hrTime, expectedTime)
+        assert.deepStrictEqual(log.hrTimeObserved, expectedTime)
+        assert.deepStrictEqual(log.hrTime, span.startTime)
+        assert.strictEqual(log.attributes.spanId, span.spanContext().spanId)
+        assert.strictEqual(log.attributes.traceId, span.spanContext().traceId)
+      }).pipe(
+        Effect.provide(TracingLive),
+        Effect.provideService(Clock.Clock, skewedClock)
+      )
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe("not provided", () => {
+    const exporter = new InMemoryLogRecordExporter()
+
+    const TracingLive = NodeSdk.layer(Effect.sync(() => ({
+      resource: {
+        serviceName: "test"
+      }
+    })))
+
+    it.effect("withSpan", () =>
+      Effect.gen(function*() {
+        yield* Effect.log("test")
+        assert.lengthOf(exporter.getFinishedLogRecords(), 0)
+      }).pipe(Effect.provide(TracingLive)))
+  })
+})
--- a/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/test/OtelMetrics.test.ts
+++ b/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/test/OtelMetrics.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+import * as internal from "@effect/opentelemetry/internal/metrics"
+import { assert, describe, it } from "@effect/vitest"
+import { ValueType } from "@opentelemetry/api"
+import { resourceFromAttributes } from "@opentelemetry/resources"
+import * as Effect from "effect/Effect"
+import * as Metric from "effect/Metric"
+
+const findMetric = (metrics: any, name: string) =>
+  metrics.resourceMetrics.scopeMetrics[0].metrics.find((_: any) => _.descriptor.name === name)
+
+describe("Metrics", () => {
+  it.effect("gauge", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function*() {
+      const services = yield* Effect.context<never>()
+      const resource = resourceFromAttributes({
+        name: "test",
+        version: "1.0.0"
+      })
+      const producer = new internal.MetricProducerImpl(resource, services)
+      const gauge = Metric.gauge("rps")
+
+      yield* Metric.withAttributes(gauge, {
+        key: "value",
+        unit: "requests"
+      }).pipe(Metric.update(10))
+      yield* Metric.withAttributes(gauge, {
+        key: "value"
+      }).pipe(Metric.update(10))
+      yield* Metric.withAttributes(gauge, {
+        key: "value"
+      }).pipe(Metric.update(20))
+
+      const results = yield* Effect.promise(() => producer.collect())
+      const object = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(results))
+      assert.deepEqual(object.resourceMetrics.resource._rawAttributes, [
+        ["name", "test"],
+        ["version", "1.0.0"]
+      ])
+      assert.equal(object.resourceMetrics.scopeMetrics.length, 1)
+      const metric = findMetric(object, "rps")
+      assert.deepStrictEqual(metric, {
+        "dataPointType": 2,
+        "descriptor": {
+          "advice": {},
+          "name": "rps",
+          "description": "",
+          "unit": "requests",
+          "type": "OBSERVABLE_GAUGE",
+          "valueType": ValueType.DOUBLE
+        },
+        "aggregationTemporality": 1,
+        "dataPoints": [
+          {
+            "startTime": metric.dataPoints[0].startTime,
+            "endTime": metric.dataPoints[0].endTime,
+            "attributes": {
+              "unit": "requests",
+              "key": "value"
+            },
+            "value": 10
+          },
+          {
+            "startTime": metric.dataPoints[0].startTime,
+            "endTime": metric.dataPoints[0].endTime,
+            "attributes": {
+              "key": "value"
+            },
+            "value": 20
+          }
+        ]
+      })
+    }))
+
+  it.effect("gauge bigint", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function*() {
+      const services = yield* Effect.context<never>()
+      const producer = new internal.MetricProducerImpl(
+        resourceFromAttributes({
+          name: "test",
+          version: "1.0.0"
+        }),
+        services
+      )
+      const gauge = Metric.gauge("rps-bigint", { bigint: true })
+
+      yield* Metric.withAttributes(gauge, {
+        key: "value",
+        unit: "requests"
+      }).pipe(Metric.update(10n))
+      yield* Metric.withAttributes(gauge, {
+        key: "value"
+      }).pipe(Metric.update(10n))
+      yield* Metric.withAttributes(gauge, {
+        key: "value"
+      }).pipe(Metric.update(20n))
+
+      const results = yield* Effect.promise(() => producer.collect())
+      const object = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(results))
+      assert.deepEqual(object.resourceMetrics.resource._rawAttributes, [
+        ["name", "test"],
+        ["version", "1.0.0"]
+      ])
+      assert.equal(object.resourceMetrics.scopeMetrics.length, 1)
+      const metric = findMetric(object, "rps-bigint")
+      assert.deepEqual(metric, {
+        "dataPointType": 2,
+        "descriptor": {
+          "advice": {},
+          "name": "rps-bigint",
+          "description": "",
+          "unit": "requests",
+          "type": "OBSERVABLE_GAUGE",
+          "valueType": ValueType.INT
+        },
+        "aggregationTemporality": 1,
+        "dataPoints": [
+          {
+            "startTime": metric.dataPoints[0].startTime,
+            "endTime": metric.dataPoints[0].endTime,
+            "attributes": {
+              "unit": "requests",
+              "key": "value"
+            },
+            "value": 10
+          },
+          {
+            "startTime": metric.dataPoints[0].startTime,
+            "endTime": metric.dataPoints[0].endTime,
+            "attributes": {
+              "key": "value"
+            },
+            "value": 20
+          }
+        ]
+      })
+    }))
+
+  it.effect("counter", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function*() {
+      const services = yield* Effect.context<never>()
+      const producer = new internal.MetricProducerImpl(
+        resourceFromAttributes({
+          name: "test",
+          version: "1.0.0"
+        }),
+        services
+      )
+      const counter = Metric.counter("counter", { description: "Example" })
+
+      yield* Metric.withAttributes(counter, {
+        key: "value",
+        unit: "requests"
+      }).pipe(Metric.update(1))
+      yield* Metric.withAttributes(counter, {
+        key: "value"
+      }).pipe(Metric.update(1))
+      yield* Metric.withAttributes(counter, {
+        key: "value"
+      }).pipe(Metric.update(1))
+
+      const results = yield* Effect.promise(() => producer.collect())
+      const object = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(results))
+      assert.deepEqual(object.resourceMetrics.resource._rawAttributes, [
+        ["name", "test"],
+        ["version", "1.0.0"]
+      ])
+      assert.equal(object.resourceMetrics.scopeMetrics.length, 1)
+      const metric = findMetric(object, "counter")
+      assert.deepEqual(metric, {
+        "dataPointType": 3,
+        "descriptor": {
+          "advice": {},
+          "name": "counter",
+          "description": "Example",
+          "unit": "requests",
+          "type": "UP_DOWN_COUNTER",
+          "valueType": ValueType.DOUBLE
+        },
+        "isMonotonic": false,
+        "aggregationTemporality": 1,
+        "dataPoints": [
+          {
+            "startTime": metric.dataPoints[0].startTime,
+            "endTime": metric.dataPoints[0].endTime,
+            "attributes": {
+              "unit": "requests",
+              "key": "value"
+            },
+            "value": 1
+          },
+          {
+            "startTime": metric.dataPoints[0].startTime,
+            "endTime": metric.dataPoints[0].endTime,
+            "attributes": {
+              "key": "value"
+            },
+            "value": 2
+          }
+        ]
+      })
+    }))
+
+  it.effect("counter-inc", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function*() {
+      const services = yield* Effect.context<never>()
+      const producer = new internal.MetricProducerImpl(
+        resourceFromAttributes({
+          name: "test",
+          version: "1.0.0"
+        }),
+        services
+      )
+      const counter = Metric.counter("counter-inc", {
+        description: "Example",
+        incremental: true
+      })
+
+      yield* Metric.withAttributes(counter, {
+        key: "value",
+        unit: "requests"
+      }).pipe(Metric.update(1))
+      yield* Metric.withAttributes(counter, {
+        key: "value"
+      }).pipe(Metric.update(1))
+      yield* Metric.withAttributes(counter, {
+        key: "value"
+      }).pipe(Metric.update(1))
+
+      const results = yield* Effect.promise(() => producer.collect())
+      const object = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(results))
+      assert.deepEqual(object.resourceMetrics.resource._rawAttributes, [
+        ["name", "test"],
+        ["version", "1.0.0"]
+      ])
+      assert.equal(object.resourceMetrics.scopeMetrics.length, 1)
+      const metric = findMetric(object, "counter-inc")
+      assert.deepEqual(metric, {
+        "dataPointType": 3,
+        "descriptor": {
+          "advice": {},
+          "name": "counter-inc",
+          "description": "Example",
+          "unit": "requests",
+          "type": "COUNTER",
+          "valueType": ValueType.DOUBLE
+        },
+        "isMonotonic": true,
+        "aggregationTemporality": 1,
+        "dataPoints": [
+          {
+            "startTime": metric.dataPoints[0].startTime,
+            "endTime": metric.dataPoints[0].endTime,
+            "attributes": {
+              "unit": "requests",
+              "key": "value"
+            },
+            "value": 1
+          },
+          {
+            "startTime": metric.dataPoints[0].startTime,
+            "endTime": metric.dataPoints[0].endTime,
+            "attributes": {
+              "key": "value"
+            },
+            "value": 2
+          }
+        ]
+      })
+    }))
+
+  it.effect("counter-bigint", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function*() {
+      const services = yield* Effect.context<never>()
+      const producer = new internal.MetricProducerImpl(
+        resourceFromAttributes({
+          name: "test",
+          version: "1.0.0"
+        }),
+        services
+      )
+      const counter = Metric.counter("counter-bigint", {
+        description: "Example",
+        incremental: true,
+        bigint: true
+      })
+
+      yield* Metric.withAttributes(counter, {
+        key: "value",
+        unit: "requests"
+      }).pipe(Metric.update(1n))
+      yield* Metric.withAttributes(counter, {
+        key: "value"
+      }).pipe(Metric.update(1n))
+      yield* Metric.withAttributes(counter, {
+        key: "value"
+      }).pipe(Metric.update(1n))
+
+      const results = yield* Effect.promise(() => producer.collect())
+      const object = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(results))
+      assert.deepEqual(object.resourceMetrics.resource._rawAttributes, [
+        ["name", "test"],
+        ["version", "1.0.0"]
+      ])
+      assert.equal(object.resourceMetrics.scopeMetrics.length, 1)
+      const metric = findMetric(object, "counter-bigint")
+      assert.deepEqual(metric, {
+        "dataPointType": 3,
+        "descriptor": {
+          "advice": {},
+          "name": "counter-bigint",
+          "description": "Example",
+          "unit": "requests",
+          "type": "COUNTER",
+          "valueType": ValueType.INT
+        },
+        "isMonotonic": true,
+        "aggregationTemporality": 1,
+        "dataPoints": [
+          {
+            "startTime": metric.dataPoints[0].startTime,
+            "endTime": metric.dataPoints[0].endTime,
+            "attributes": {
+              "unit": "requests",
+              "key": "value"
+            },
+            "value": 1
+          },
+          {
+            "startTime": metric.dataPoints[0].startTime,
+            "endTime": metric.dataPoints[0].endTime,
+            "attributes": {
+              "key": "value"
+            },
+            "value": 2
+          }
+        ]
+      })
+    }))
+})
--- a/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/test/OtelTracer.test.ts
+++ b/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/test/OtelTracer.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+import * as NodeSdk from "@effect/opentelemetry/NodeSdk"
+import * as OtelTracer from "@effect/opentelemetry/OtelTracer"
+import { assert, describe, it } from "@effect/vitest"
+import * as OtelApi from "@opentelemetry/api"
+import { AsyncHooksContextManager } from "@opentelemetry/context-async-hooks"
+import { InMemorySpanExporter, SimpleSpanProcessor } from "@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-base"
+import * as Cause from "effect/Cause"
+import * as Effect from "effect/Effect"
+import * as EffectTracer from "effect/Tracer"
+
+const TracingLive = NodeSdk.layer(Effect.sync(() => ({
+  resource: {
+    serviceName: "test"
+  },
+  spanProcessor: [new SimpleSpanProcessor(new InMemorySpanExporter())]
+})))
+
+// needed to test context propagation
+const contextManager = new AsyncHooksContextManager()
+OtelApi.context.setGlobalContextManager(contextManager)
+
+describe("Tracer", () => {
+  describe("provided", () => {
+    it.effect("withSpan", () =>
+      Effect.gen(function*() {
+        const span = yield* Effect.currentSpan
+        assert.instanceOf(span, OtelTracer.OtelSpan)
+      }).pipe(
+        Effect.withSpan("ok"),
+        Effect.provide(TracingLive)
+      ))
+
+    it.effect("withSpan links", () =>
+      Effect.gen(function*() {
+        const linkedSpan = yield* Effect.makeSpanScoped("B")
+        const span = yield* Effect.currentSpan.pipe(
+          Effect.withSpan("A"),
+          Effect.linkSpans(linkedSpan)
+        )
+        assert.instanceOf(span, OtelTracer.OtelSpan)
+        assert.lengthOf(span.links, 1)
+      }).pipe(
+        Effect.scoped,
+        Effect.provide(TracingLive)
+      ))
+
+    it.effect("nested withSpan sets correct parent chain", () =>
+      Effect.gen(function*() {
+        const child = yield* Effect.currentSpan.pipe(
+          Effect.withSpan("child"),
+          Effect.withSpan("parent")
+        )
+        assert.instanceOf(child, OtelTracer.OtelSpan)
+        assert.strictEqual(child.name, "child")
+        assert.isDefined(child.parent)
+        assert.strictEqual((child.parent.valueOrUndefined! as OtelTracer.OtelSpan).name, "parent")
+      }).pipe(
+        Effect.provide(TracingLive)
+      ))
+
+    it.effect("supervisor sets context", () =>
+      Effect.sync(() => {
+        const context = OtelApi.context.active()
+        assert.isDefined(OtelApi.trace.getSpan(context))
+      }).pipe(
+        Effect.withSpan("ok"),
+        Effect.provide(TracingLive)
+      ))
+
+    it.effect("supervisor sets context generator", () =>
+      Effect.gen(function*() {
+        yield* Effect.yieldNow
+        const context = OtelApi.context.active()
+        assert.isDefined(OtelApi.trace.getSpan(context))
+      }).pipe(
+        Effect.withSpan("ok"),
+        Effect.provide(TracingLive)
+      ))
+
+    it.effect("currentOtelSpan", () =>
+      Effect.gen(function*() {
+        const span = yield* Effect.currentSpan
+        const otelSpan = yield* OtelTracer.currentOtelSpan
+        assert.strictEqual((span as OtelTracer.OtelSpan).span, otelSpan)
+      }).pipe(
+        Effect.withSpan("ok"),
+        Effect.provide(TracingLive)
+      ))
+
+    it.effect("preserves the sampling decision of generic external spans", () =>
+      Effect.gen(function*() {
+        const span = yield* Effect.currentSpan
+        assert.instanceOf(span, OtelTracer.OtelSpan)
+        assert.strictEqual(span.span.spanContext().traceFlags, OtelApi.TraceFlags.NONE)
+      }).pipe(
+        Effect.withSpan("child"),
+        Effect.withParentSpan(EffectTracer.externalSpan({
+          traceId: "1".repeat(32),
+          spanId: "2".repeat(16),
+          sampled: false
+        })),
+        Effect.provide(TracingLive)
+      ))
+
+    it.effect("records every pretty error", () =>
+      Effect.gen(function*() {
+        const exporter = new InMemorySpanExporter()
+        const spanProcessor = new SimpleSpanProcessor(exporter)
+        const firstFailure = Cause.fail(new Error("first"))
+        const secondFailure = Cause.fail(new Error("second"))
+        const cause = Cause.combine(firstFailure, secondFailure)
+
+        yield* Effect.failCause(cause).pipe(
+          Effect.withSpan("error-span"),
+          Effect.andThen(Effect.never), // keep the exporter alive
+          Effect.provide(NodeSdk.layer(() => ({
+            resource: {
+              serviceName: "test"
+            },
+            spanProcessor: [spanProcessor]
+          }))),
+          Effect.forkChild({ startImmediately: true })
+        )
+
+        const spanData = exporter.getFinishedSpans()[0]
+        if (spanData === undefined) {
+          return yield* Effect.die("Missing span data")
+        }
+        const exceptionEvents = spanData.events.filter((event) => event.name === "exception")
+        assert.lengthOf(exceptionEvents, 2)
+        assert.strictEqual(spanData.status.message, "first")
+      }))
+
+    it.effect("renders nested error causes in the stacktrace", () =>
+      Effect.gen(function*() {
+        const exporter = new InMemorySpanExporter()
+        const spanProcessor = new SimpleSpanProcessor(exporter)
+        const error = new Error("outer failure", { cause: new Error("inner cause") })
+
+        yield* Effect.die(error).pipe(
+          Effect.withSpan("error-span"),
+          Effect.andThen(Effect.never), // keep the exporter alive
+          Effect.provide(NodeSdk.layer(() => ({
+            resource: {
+              serviceName: "test"
+            },
+            spanProcessor: [spanProcessor]
+          }))),
+          Effect.forkChild({ startImmediately: true })
+        )
+
+        const spanData = exporter.getFinishedSpans()[0]
+        if (spanData === undefined) {
+          return yield* Effect.die("Missing span data")
+        }
+        const exceptionEvent = spanData.events.find((event) => event.name === "exception")
+        assert(exceptionEvent !== undefined)
+        const stacktrace = exceptionEvent.attributes?.["exception.stacktrace"]
+        assert.isString(stacktrace)
+        assert.include(stacktrace as string, "[cause]: Error: inner cause")
+      }))
+
+    it.effect("withSpanContext", () =>
+      Effect.gen(function*() {
+        const effect = Effect.gen(function*() {
+          const span = yield* Effect.currentParentSpan
+          assert(span._tag === "Span")
+          if (span.parent._tag === "None") {
+            return yield* Effect.die("No parent span")
+          }
+          return span.parent.value
+        }).pipe(Effect.withSpan("child"))
+
+        const services = yield* Effect.context<never>()
+
+        yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
+          await OtelApi.trace.getTracer("test").startActiveSpan("otel-span", {
+            root: true,
+            attributes: { "root": "yes" }
+          }, async (span) => {
+            try {
+              const parent = await effect.pipe(
+                OtelTracer.withSpanContext(span.spanContext()),
+                Effect.provideContext(services),
+                Effect.runPromise
+              )
+              const { spanId, traceId } = span.spanContext()
+              assert.containsSubset(parent, {
+                spanId,
+                traceId
+              })
+            } finally {
+              span.end()
+            }
+          })
+        })
+      }).pipe(
+        Effect.scoped,
+        Effect.provide(TracingLive)
+      ))
+  })
+
+  describe("not provided", () => {
+    it.effect("withSpan", () =>
+      Effect.gen(function*() {
+        const span = yield* Effect.currentSpan
+        assert.notInstanceOf(span, OtelTracer.OtelSpan)
+      }).pipe(
+        Effect.withSpan("ok")
+      ))
+  })
+})
--- a/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/tsconfig.json
+++ b/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/tsconfig.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "$schema": "http://json.schemastore.org/tsconfig",
+  "extends": "../../tsconfig.base.json",
+  "include": ["src"],
+  "references": [
+    { "path": "../effect" }
+  ]
+}
--- a/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/vitest.config.ts
+++ b/repos/effect/packages/opentelemetry/vitest.config.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import { mergeConfig, type ViteUserConfig } from "vitest/config"
+import shared from "../../vitest.shared.ts"
+
+const config: ViteUserConfig = {}
+
+export default mergeConfig(shared, config)