diff --git a/packages/client/src/daemon-client.ts b/packages/client/src/daemon-client.ts
index 2a1a793b65..c691898267 100644
--- a/packages/client/src/daemon-client.ts
+++ b/packages/client/src/daemon-client.ts
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ import type {
   ProviderDiagnosticResponseMessage,
   ProviderUsageListResponseMessage,
   UsageListReportsResponseMessage,
-  AgentGetUsageReportResponseMessage,
+  AgentResolveUsageReportResponseMessage,
   DaemonGetStatusResponse,
   DaemonGetPairingOfferResponse,
   DaemonConfigReloadResponse,
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ type RefreshProvidersSnapshotPayload = RefreshProvidersSnapshotResponseMessage["
 type ProviderDiagnosticPayload = ProviderDiagnosticResponseMessage["payload"];
 type ProviderUsageListPayload = ProviderUsageListResponseMessage["payload"];
 type UsageListReportsPayload = UsageListReportsResponseMessage["payload"];
-type AgentGetUsageReportPayload = AgentGetUsageReportResponseMessage["payload"];
+type AgentResolveUsageReportPayload = AgentResolveUsageReportResponseMessage["payload"];
 type DaemonStatusPayload = DaemonGetStatusResponse["payload"];
 type DaemonPairingOfferPayload = DaemonGetPairingOfferResponse["payload"];
 type DiagnosticsPayload = DiagnosticsResponse["payload"];
@@ -5245,24 +5245,27 @@ export class DaemonClient {
   async listUsageReports(options?: {
     requestId?: string;
     forceRefresh?: boolean;
+    reportIds?: string[];
   }): Promise<UsageListReportsPayload> {
     return this.sendNamespacedCorrelatedSessionRequest({
       requestId: options?.requestId,
-      message: { type: "usage.list_reports.request", forceRefresh: options?.forceRefresh },
+      message: {
+        type: "usage.list_reports.request",
+        forceRefresh: options?.forceRefresh,
+        reportIds: options?.reportIds,
+      },
     });
   }
 
-  async getAgentUsageReport(options: {
+  async resolveAgentUsageReport(options: {
     agentId: string;
     requestId?: string;
-    forceRefresh?: boolean;
-  }): Promise<AgentGetUsageReportPayload> {
+  }): Promise<AgentResolveUsageReportPayload> {
     return this.sendNamespacedCorrelatedSessionRequest({
       requestId: options.requestId,
       message: {
-        type: "agent.get_usage_report.request",
+        type: "agent.resolve_usage_report.request",
         agentId: options.agentId,
-        forceRefresh: options.forceRefresh,
       },
     });
   }
diff --git a/packages/plugin/src/server/usage.ts b/packages/plugin/src/server/usage.ts
index 26dd22763a..3e34e7acf1 100644
--- a/packages/plugin/src/server/usage.ts
+++ b/packages/plugin/src/server/usage.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { createHash } from "node:crypto";
 import type { ZodType } from "zod";
 import type { JsonValue } from "@getpaseo/protocol/agent-types";
 
@@ -32,7 +33,6 @@ export interface UsageDetail {
 }
 
 export interface UsageReport {
-  account: { key: string; label?: string };
   status: "available" | "unavailable" | "error";
   planLabel?: string;
   windows: UsageWindow[];
@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ export interface UsageSourceRegistration {
   label: string;
   icon?: string;
   input: ZodType;
+  /** Stable account identity, resolved without fetching usage. */
+  identify(input: unknown): Promise<{ key: string; label?: string } | null>;
   fetch(input: unknown): Promise<UsageReport>;
   discover?(): Promise<JsonValue[]>;
 }
@@ -108,9 +110,12 @@ export function usedPctOf(
   return (used / limit) * 100;
 }
 
-export function unavailableUsage(accountKey = "default"): UsageReport {
+export function hashAccountKey(value: string): string {
+  return createHash("sha256").update(value).digest("hex");
+}
+
+export function unavailableUsage(): UsageReport {
   return {
-    account: { key: accountKey },
     status: "unavailable",
     windows: [],
     balances: [],
diff --git a/packages/protocol/src/messages.ts b/packages/protocol/src/messages.ts
index 84fe0bb2df..a716d45893 100644
--- a/packages/protocol/src/messages.ts
+++ b/packages/protocol/src/messages.ts
@@ -1777,13 +1777,13 @@ export const ProviderUsageListRequestMessageSchema = z.object({
 export const UsageListReportsRequestMessageSchema = z.object({
   type: z.literal("usage.list_reports.request"),
   requestId: z.string(),
+  reportIds: z.array(z.string()).optional(),
   forceRefresh: z.boolean().optional(),
 });
-export const AgentGetUsageReportRequestMessageSchema = z.object({
-  type: z.literal("agent.get_usage_report.request"),
+export const AgentResolveUsageReportRequestMessageSchema = z.object({
+  type: z.literal("agent.resolve_usage_report.request"),
   requestId: z.string(),
   agentId: z.string(),
-  forceRefresh: z.boolean().optional(),
 });
 
 export const ResumeAgentRequestMessageSchema = z.object({
@@ -3245,7 +3245,7 @@ export const SessionInboundMessageSchema = z.discriminatedUnion("type", [
   ProviderDiagnosticRequestMessageSchema,
   ProviderUsageListRequestMessageSchema,
   UsageListReportsRequestMessageSchema,
-  AgentGetUsageReportRequestMessageSchema,
+  AgentResolveUsageReportRequestMessageSchema,
   ResumeAgentRequestMessageSchema,
   ImportAgentRequestMessageSchema,
   RefreshAgentRequestMessageSchema,
@@ -6244,7 +6244,6 @@ export const ProviderUsageListResponseMessageSchema = z.object({
 });
 
 export const UsageReportSchema = z.object({
-  account: z.object({ key: z.string(), label: z.string().optional() }),
   status: ProviderUsageStatusSchema,
   planLabel: z.string().optional(),
   windows: z.array(ProviderUsageWindowSchema.extend({ headline: z.boolean().optional() })),
@@ -6253,6 +6252,9 @@ export const UsageReportSchema = z.object({
   error: z.string().optional(),
 });
 export const UsageReportEntrySchema = z.object({
+  id: z.string(),
+  account: z.object({ label: z.string().optional() }),
+  fetchedAt: z.string(),
   sourceId: z.string(),
   sourceLabel: z.string(),
   icon: z.string().optional(),
@@ -6262,9 +6264,9 @@ export const UsageListReportsResponseMessageSchema = z.object({
   type: z.literal("usage.list_reports.response"),
   payload: z.object({ requestId: z.string(), reports: z.array(UsageReportEntrySchema) }),
 });
-export const AgentGetUsageReportResponseMessageSchema = z.object({
-  type: z.literal("agent.get_usage_report.response"),
-  payload: z.object({ requestId: z.string(), entry: UsageReportEntrySchema.nullable() }),
+export const AgentResolveUsageReportResponseMessageSchema = z.object({
+  type: z.literal("agent.resolve_usage_report.response"),
+  payload: z.object({ requestId: z.string(), reportId: z.string().nullable() }),
 });
 
 const AgentSlashCommandSchema = z.object({
@@ -6953,7 +6955,7 @@ export const SessionOutboundMessageSchema = z.discriminatedUnion("type", [
   ProviderDiagnosticResponseMessageSchema,
   ProviderUsageListResponseMessageSchema,
   UsageListReportsResponseMessageSchema,
-  AgentGetUsageReportResponseMessageSchema,
+  AgentResolveUsageReportResponseMessageSchema,
   ListCommandsResponseSchema,
   ListTerminalsResponseSchema,
   TerminalsChangedSchema,
@@ -7135,8 +7137,8 @@ export type ProviderUsageTone = z.infer<typeof ProviderUsageToneSchema>;
 export type UsageReport = z.infer<typeof UsageReportSchema>;
 export type UsageReportEntry = z.infer<typeof UsageReportEntrySchema>;
 export type UsageListReportsResponseMessage = z.infer<typeof UsageListReportsResponseMessageSchema>;
-export type AgentGetUsageReportResponseMessage = z.infer<
-  typeof AgentGetUsageReportResponseMessageSchema
+export type AgentResolveUsageReportResponseMessage = z.infer<
+  typeof AgentResolveUsageReportResponseMessageSchema
 >;
 export type ProviderUsageStatus = z.infer<typeof ProviderUsageStatusSchema>;
 export type ProviderUsage = z.infer<typeof ProviderUsageSchema>;
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugins/claude-usage-source/index.server.ts b/packages/server/src/plugins/claude-usage-source/index.server.ts
index 636f9d286b..ce5b16c4f7 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugins/claude-usage-source/index.server.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugins/claude-usage-source/index.server.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { PluginServerContext } from "@getpaseo/plugin/server";
 import { inputSchema } from "./shared/input.js";
-import { fetchUsage } from "./server/usage.js";
+import { fetchUsage, identify } from "./server/usage.js";
 
 export default function contribute(server: PluginServerContext) {
   server.registerUsageSource({
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ export default function contribute(server: PluginServerContext) {
     icon: "icon.svg",
     input: inputSchema,
     discover: async () => [{}],
+    identify,
     fetch: fetchUsage,
   });
   return () => {};
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugins/claude-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts b/packages/server/src/plugins/claude-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts
index 34b561ff92..b2c84af7d7 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugins/claude-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugins/claude-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts
@@ -599,3 +599,51 @@ describe("Claude usage source scoped limit reconciliation", () => {
     ]);
   });
 });
+
+it("identify reads account and organization from the selected Claude config", async () => {
+  const { mkdtemp, writeFile, rm } = await import("node:fs/promises");
+  const { identify } = await import("./usage.js");
+  const directory = await mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), "claude-identity-"));
+  try {
+    await writeFile(
+      join(directory, ".claude.json"),
+      JSON.stringify({
+        oauthAccount: {
+          accountUuid: "account-uuid",
+          organizationUuid: "org-uuid",
+          emailAddress: "test@example.com",
+        },
+      }),
+    );
+    expect(await identify({ configDir: directory })).toEqual({
+      key: "account-uuid.org-uuid",
+      label: "test@example.com",
+    });
+  } finally {
+    await rm(directory, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  }
+});
+
+it("token-only Claude inputs use a cached OAuth profile identity", async () => {
+  const { identify } = await import("./usage.js");
+  let calls = 0;
+  const fetchProfile: typeof fetch = async () => {
+    calls++;
+    return new Response(
+      JSON.stringify({
+        account: { uuid: "account-uuid", email: "test@example.com" },
+        organization: { uuid: "org-uuid" },
+      }),
+      { status: 200 },
+    );
+  };
+  expect(await identify({ accessToken: "fixture-claude-token" }, fetchProfile)).toEqual({
+    key: "account-uuid.org-uuid",
+    label: "test@example.com",
+  });
+  expect(await identify({ accessToken: "fixture-claude-token" }, fetchProfile)).toEqual({
+    key: "account-uuid.org-uuid",
+    label: "test@example.com",
+  });
+  expect(calls).toBe(1);
+});
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugins/claude-usage-source/server/usage.ts b/packages/server/src/plugins/claude-usage-source/server/usage.ts
index 6a7e8d25b3..9be43dd6de 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugins/claude-usage-source/server/usage.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugins/claude-usage-source/server/usage.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 import type { UsageInput } from "../shared/input.js";
 import { execFile } from "node:child_process";
-import { createHash } from "node:crypto";
 import { existsSync, promises as fs } from "node:fs";
 import { homedir, userInfo } from "node:os";
 import { join } from "node:path";
 import { promisify } from "node:util";
 import { z } from "zod";
 import {
+  hashAccountKey,
   toneFromUsedPct,
   unavailableUsage,
   windowFromUsedPct,
@@ -416,13 +416,12 @@ export async function fetchUsage(
   }
 
   const { oauth } = credentials;
-  const accountKey = createHash("sha256").update(oauth.accessToken).digest("hex");
   const plan = buildClaudePlan(oauth.subscriptionType, oauth.rateLimitTier);
   const resp = await callClaudeApi(oauth.accessToken);
 
   if (resp === "NEEDS_AUTH") {
     // Read-only on credentials; the Claude CLI owns refresh. See docs/providers.md.
-    return unavailableUsage(accountKey);
+    return unavailableUsage();
   }
 
   const scoped = reconcileScopedLimits(
@@ -450,7 +449,6 @@ export async function fetchUsage(
   }
 
   return {
-    account: { key: accountKey },
     status: "available",
     planLabel: plan ?? undefined,
     windows,
@@ -458,3 +456,63 @@ export async function fetchUsage(
     details,
   };
 }
+
+// The OAuth usage endpoint meters the active organization selected by the token.
+const ClaudeAccountSchema = z.object({
+  accountUuid: z.string().min(1),
+  organizationUuid: z.string().min(1),
+  emailAddress: z.string().optional(),
+});
+const profileCache = new Map<string, Promise<{ key: string; label?: string } | null>>();
+
+export async function identify(input: UsageInput, fetchApi: typeof fetch = fetch) {
+  const directory = "configDir" in input ? input.configDir : homedir();
+  if (!("accessToken" in input)) {
+    try {
+      const config = z
+        .object({ oauthAccount: ClaudeAccountSchema })
+        .parse(JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(join(directory, ".claude.json"), "utf8")));
+      const account = config.oauthAccount;
+      return {
+        key: `${account.accountUuid}.${account.organizationUuid}`,
+        ...(account.emailAddress ? { label: account.emailAddress } : {}),
+      };
+    } catch {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+  const token = input.accessToken;
+  const tokenHash = hashAccountKey(token);
+  const pending = profileCache.get(tokenHash);
+  if (pending) return pending;
+  const request = (async () => {
+    const response = await fetchApi("https://api.anthropic.com/api/oauth/profile", {
+      signal: AbortSignal.timeout(15_000),
+      headers: {
+        Authorization: `Bearer ${token}`,
+        Accept: "application/json",
+        "anthropic-beta": CLAUDE_OAUTH_BETA,
+      },
+    });
+    if (response.status === 401 || response.status === 403) return null;
+    if (!response.ok) throw new Error(`Claude profile API returned ${response.status}`);
+    const profile = z
+      .object({
+        account: z.object({ uuid: z.string().min(1), email: z.string().optional() }),
+        organization: z.object({ uuid: z.string().min(1) }),
+      })
+      .parse(await response.json());
+    const account = profile.account;
+    return {
+      key: `${account.uuid}.${profile.organization.uuid}`,
+      ...(account.email ? { label: account.email } : {}),
+    };
+  })();
+  profileCache.set(tokenHash, request);
+  try {
+    return await request;
+  } catch (error) {
+    profileCache.delete(tokenHash);
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugins/codex-usage-source/index.server.ts b/packages/server/src/plugins/codex-usage-source/index.server.ts
index ddc416b0dc..3a7c472784 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugins/codex-usage-source/index.server.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugins/codex-usage-source/index.server.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { PluginServerContext } from "@getpaseo/plugin/server";
 import { inputSchema } from "./shared/input.js";
-import { fetchUsage } from "./server/usage.js";
+import { fetchUsage, identify } from "./server/usage.js";
 
 export default function contribute(server: PluginServerContext) {
   server.registerUsageSource({
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ export default function contribute(server: PluginServerContext) {
     icon: "icon.svg",
     input: inputSchema,
     discover: async () => [{}],
+    identify,
     fetch: fetchUsage,
   });
   return () => {};
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugins/codex-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts b/packages/server/src/plugins/codex-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts
index d0a415ba02..a898e2770f 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugins/codex-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugins/codex-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { mkdtemp, readFile, rm, writeFile } from "node:fs/promises";
 import { tmpdir } from "node:os";
 import { join } from "node:path";
 import { afterEach, expect, test } from "vitest";
-import { fetchUsage } from "./usage.js";
+import { fetchUsage, identify } from "./usage.js";
 
 const originalHome = process.env["CODEX_HOME"];
 afterEach(() => {
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ test("default input reads CODEX_HOME auth and preserves the usage request", asyn
       response(init?.headers ?? {}, "account-default"),
     );
     expect(report).toMatchObject({
-      account: { key: "account-default" },
       status: "available",
       planLabel: "plus",
       windows: [{ id: "session", usedPct: 30, headline: true }],
@@ -56,21 +55,23 @@ test("explicit codexHome reads only that auth file", async () => {
       join(home, "auth.json"),
       JSON.stringify({ tokens: { access_token: "fixture-home", account_id: "account-home" } }),
     );
-    const report = await fetchUsage({ codexHome: home }, (_url, init) =>
+    await fetchUsage({ codexHome: home }, (_url, init) =>
       response(init?.headers ?? {}, "account-home"),
     );
-    expect(report.account.key).toBe("account-home");
+    expect(await identify({ codexHome: home })).toEqual({ key: "account-home" });
   } finally {
     await rm(home, { recursive: true, force: true });
   }
 });
 
 test("explicit access token needs no auth file", async () => {
-  const report = await fetchUsage(
+  await fetchUsage(
     { accessToken: "fixture-supplied", accountId: "account-supplied" },
     (_url, init) => response(init?.headers ?? {}, "account-supplied"),
   );
-  expect(report.account.key).toBe("account-supplied");
+  expect(
+    await identify({ accessToken: "fixture-supplied", accountId: "account-supplied" }),
+  ).toEqual({ key: "account-supplied" });
 });
 
 test("coerces credit balance and marks a 96 percent window dangerous", async () => {
@@ -133,3 +134,11 @@ test("401 leaves auth.json byte for byte unchanged and makes no refresh request"
     await rm(home, { recursive: true, force: true });
   }
 });
+
+test("token-only account claim survives token rotation", async () => {
+  const token = (suffix: string) =>
+    `header.${Buffer.from(JSON.stringify({ "https://api.openai.com/auth": { chatgpt_account_id: "work-id" }, suffix })).toString("base64url")}.signature`;
+  expect(await identify({ accessToken: token("first") })).toEqual({ key: "work-id" });
+  expect(await identify({ accessToken: token("second") })).toEqual({ key: "work-id" });
+  expect(await identify({ accessToken: "opaque-token" })).toBeNull();
+});
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugins/codex-usage-source/server/usage.ts b/packages/server/src/plugins/codex-usage-source/server/usage.ts
index c04ab28fef..16aae8345e 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugins/codex-usage-source/server/usage.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugins/codex-usage-source/server/usage.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import { createHash } from "node:crypto";
 import { readFile } from "node:fs/promises";
 import { homedir } from "node:os";
 import { join } from "node:path";
@@ -29,7 +28,7 @@ const responseSchema = z.object({
   credits: z.object({ balance: number.optional() }).nullish(),
 });
 
-async function readAuth(
+export async function readAuth(
   input: CodexUsageInput,
 ): Promise<{ token: string; accountId?: string } | null> {
   if ("accessToken" in input) return { token: input.accessToken, accountId: input.accountId };
@@ -76,8 +75,7 @@ export async function fetchUsage(
   fetchApi: typeof fetch = fetch,
 ): Promise<UsageReport> {
   const auth = await readAuth(input);
-  if (!auth) return { account: { key: "default" }, status: "unavailable", windows: [] };
-  const key = auth.accountId ?? createHash("sha256").update(auth.token).digest("hex");
+  if (!auth) return { status: "unavailable", windows: [] };
   const headers: Record<string, string> = {
     Authorization: `Bearer ${auth.token}`,
     Accept: "application/json",
@@ -89,10 +87,10 @@ export async function fetchUsage(
     signal: AbortSignal.timeout(15_000),
   });
   if (response.status === 401 || response.status === 403)
-    return { account: { key }, status: "unavailable", windows: [] };
+    return { status: "unavailable", windows: [] };
   if (!response.ok) throw new Error(`Codex usage API returned ${response.status}`);
   const text = await response.text();
-  if (text.trim().startsWith("<")) return { account: { key }, status: "unavailable", windows: [] };
+  if (text.trim().startsWith("<")) return { status: "unavailable", windows: [] };
   const usage = responseSchema.parse(JSON.parse(text));
   const windows = [
     usageWindow("session", "Session", usage.rate_limit?.primary_window, true),
@@ -101,7 +99,6 @@ export async function fetchUsage(
   ].filter((window): window is UsageWindow => window !== null);
   const balance = usage.credits?.balance;
   return {
-    account: { key, ...(usage.email ? { label: usage.email } : {}) },
     status: "available",
     planLabel: usage.plan_type,
     windows,
@@ -120,3 +117,34 @@ export async function fetchUsage(
     details: [],
   };
 }
+
+/** The account claim is decoded locally; the token itself never becomes identity. */
+export async function identify(input: CodexUsageInput) {
+  const auth = await readAuth(input);
+  if (!auth) return null;
+  const claims = (() => {
+    try {
+      const payload = auth.token.split(".")[1];
+      return payload
+        ? (JSON.parse(Buffer.from(payload, "base64url").toString("utf8")) as Record<
+            string,
+            unknown
+          >)
+        : null;
+    } catch {
+      return null;
+    }
+  })();
+  const nested = claims?.["https://api.openai.com/auth"];
+  const claim =
+    nested && typeof nested === "object"
+      ? (nested as Record<string, unknown>)["chatgpt_account_id"]
+      : null;
+  const key =
+    auth.accountId ??
+    (typeof claim === "string" ? claim : null) ??
+    (typeof claims?.["chatgpt_account_id"] === "string"
+      ? (claims["chatgpt_account_id"] as string)
+      : null);
+  return key ? { key } : null;
+}
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugins/copilot-usage-source/index.server.ts b/packages/server/src/plugins/copilot-usage-source/index.server.ts
index 2227f972de..79da4a578e 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugins/copilot-usage-source/index.server.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugins/copilot-usage-source/index.server.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { PluginServerContext } from "@getpaseo/plugin/server";
 import { inputSchema } from "./shared/input.js";
-import { fetchUsage } from "./server/usage.js";
+import { fetchUsage, identify } from "./server/usage.js";
 
 export default function contribute(server: PluginServerContext) {
   server.registerUsageSource({
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ export default function contribute(server: PluginServerContext) {
     icon: "icon.svg",
     input: inputSchema,
     discover: async () => [{}],
+    identify,
     fetch: fetchUsage,
   });
   return () => {};
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugins/copilot-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts b/packages/server/src/plugins/copilot-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts
index ed3eb6b0ac..13c8cf700d 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugins/copilot-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugins/copilot-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { mkdtempSync, rmSync } from "node:fs";
 import { tmpdir } from "node:os";
 import { join } from "node:path";
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
-import { fetchUsage } from "./usage.js";
+import { identify, fetchUsage } from "./usage.js";
 import type { UsageReport } from "@getpaseo/plugin/server/usage";
 
 function mockFetch(handlers: Map<string, () => Response>): typeof fetch {
@@ -111,3 +111,14 @@ describe("copilot usage source", () => {
     });
   });
 });
+
+it("identify uses the configured copilot account key", async () => {
+  const previous = process.env["COPILOT_TOKEN"];
+  try {
+    process.env["COPILOT_TOKEN"] = "fixture-token";
+    expect(await identify()).toEqual({ key: "default" });
+  } finally {
+    if (previous === undefined) delete process.env["COPILOT_TOKEN"];
+    else process.env["COPILOT_TOKEN"] = previous;
+  }
+});
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugins/copilot-usage-source/server/usage.ts b/packages/server/src/plugins/copilot-usage-source/server/usage.ts
index 06eaa35719..27a5c84e35 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugins/copilot-usage-source/server/usage.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugins/copilot-usage-source/server/usage.ts
@@ -75,7 +75,6 @@ export async function fetchUsage(
     : [];
 
   return {
-    account: { key: "default" },
     status: "available",
     planLabel: resp.copilot_plan || undefined,
     windows: [],
@@ -83,3 +82,12 @@ export async function fetchUsage(
     details,
   };
 }
+
+export async function identify() {
+  const token =
+    process.env["COPILOT_TOKEN"] ||
+    process.env["GITHUB_TOKEN"] ||
+    process.env["GITHUB_PAT"] ||
+    (await readGithubCliToken());
+  return token ? { key: "default" } : null;
+}
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugins/cursor-usage-source/index.server.ts b/packages/server/src/plugins/cursor-usage-source/index.server.ts
index 9397dd07c4..a4c1947cb4 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugins/cursor-usage-source/index.server.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugins/cursor-usage-source/index.server.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { PluginServerContext } from "@getpaseo/plugin/server";
 import { inputSchema } from "./shared/input.js";
-import { fetchUsage } from "./server/usage.js";
+import { fetchUsage, identify } from "./server/usage.js";
 
 export default function contribute(server: PluginServerContext) {
   server.registerUsageSource({
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ export default function contribute(server: PluginServerContext) {
     icon: "icon.svg",
     input: inputSchema,
     discover: async () => [{}],
+    identify,
     fetch: fetchUsage,
   });
   return () => {};
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugins/cursor-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts b/packages/server/src/plugins/cursor-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts
index df9cf4bac5..c13cbc5a6f 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugins/cursor-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugins/cursor-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { createRequire } from "node:module";
 import { tmpdir } from "node:os";
 import { join } from "node:path";
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
-import { fetchUsage } from "./usage.js";
+import { identify, fetchUsage } from "./usage.js";
 import type { UsageReport } from "@getpaseo/plugin/server/usage";
 
 // node:sqlite has no @types/node@20 typings; require it with a narrow local type.
@@ -258,3 +258,14 @@ describe("cursor usage source", () => {
     expect(cursor.status).toBe("unavailable");
   });
 });
+
+it("identify uses the configured cursor account key", async () => {
+  const previous = process.env["CURSOR_ACCESS_TOKEN"];
+  try {
+    process.env["CURSOR_ACCESS_TOKEN"] = "fixture-token";
+    expect(await identify()).toEqual({ key: "default" });
+  } finally {
+    if (previous === undefined) delete process.env["CURSOR_ACCESS_TOKEN"];
+    else process.env["CURSOR_ACCESS_TOKEN"] = previous;
+  }
+});
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugins/cursor-usage-source/server/usage.ts b/packages/server/src/plugins/cursor-usage-source/server/usage.ts
index b1fbf9830e..15a9f6e7b3 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugins/cursor-usage-source/server/usage.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugins/cursor-usage-source/server/usage.ts
@@ -222,7 +222,6 @@ export async function fetchUsage(
   }
 
   return {
-    account: { key: "default" },
     status: "available",
     planLabel: undefined,
     windows: [],
@@ -230,3 +229,13 @@ export async function fetchUsage(
     details: [],
   };
 }
+
+export async function identify() {
+  const home = homedir();
+  const token =
+    process.env["CURSOR_ACCESS_TOKEN"] ||
+    process.env["CURSOR_TOKEN"] ||
+    (await readCursorTokenFromSqlite(home)) ||
+    (await readCursorTokenFromAuthJson(home));
+  return token ? { key: "default" } : null;
+}
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugins/grok-usage-source/index.server.ts b/packages/server/src/plugins/grok-usage-source/index.server.ts
index c7f148fdb5..3c87562300 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugins/grok-usage-source/index.server.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugins/grok-usage-source/index.server.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { PluginServerContext } from "@getpaseo/plugin/server";
 import { inputSchema } from "./shared/input.js";
-import { fetchUsage } from "./server/usage.js";
+import { fetchUsage, identify } from "./server/usage.js";
 
 export default function contribute(server: PluginServerContext) {
   server.registerUsageSource({
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ export default function contribute(server: PluginServerContext) {
     icon: "icon.svg",
     input: inputSchema,
     discover: async () => [{}],
+    identify,
     fetch: fetchUsage,
   });
   return () => {};
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugins/grok-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts b/packages/server/src/plugins/grok-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts
index eb03b8f7e6..9b4d30668f 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugins/grok-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugins/grok-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { mkdirSync, writeFileSync, mkdtempSync, rmSync } from "node:fs";
 import { tmpdir } from "node:os";
 import { join } from "node:path";
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
-import { fetchUsage } from "./usage.js";
+import { identify, fetchUsage } from "./usage.js";
 import type { UsageReport } from "@getpaseo/plugin/server/usage";
 
 function writeGrokAuth(home: string, auth: Record<string, unknown>): void {
@@ -266,3 +266,14 @@ describe("grok usage source", () => {
     });
   });
 });
+
+it("identify uses the configured grok account key", async () => {
+  const previous = process.env["GROK_TOKEN"];
+  try {
+    process.env["GROK_TOKEN"] = "fixture-token";
+    expect(await identify()).toEqual({ key: "default" });
+  } finally {
+    if (previous === undefined) delete process.env["GROK_TOKEN"];
+    else process.env["GROK_TOKEN"] = previous;
+  }
+});
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugins/grok-usage-source/server/usage.ts b/packages/server/src/plugins/grok-usage-source/server/usage.ts
index 9cd86cefd2..251674f597 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugins/grok-usage-source/server/usage.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugins/grok-usage-source/server/usage.ts
@@ -147,7 +147,6 @@ export async function fetchUsage(
   if (window) window.headline = true;
 
   return {
-    account: { key: "default" },
     status: "available",
     planLabel: undefined,
     windows: window ? [window] : [],
@@ -155,3 +154,13 @@ export async function fetchUsage(
     details: [],
   };
 }
+
+export async function identify() {
+  if (process.env["GROK_API_KEY"] || process.env["GROK_TOKEN"]) return { key: "default" };
+  try {
+    const auth = JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(join(homedir(), ".grok", "auth.json"), "utf8"));
+    return extractGrokTokenFromAuth(auth) ? { key: "default" } : null;
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugins/kimi-usage-source/index.server.ts b/packages/server/src/plugins/kimi-usage-source/index.server.ts
index 45e7486c7b..a1df077baa 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugins/kimi-usage-source/index.server.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugins/kimi-usage-source/index.server.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { PluginServerContext } from "@getpaseo/plugin/server";
 import { inputSchema } from "./shared/input.js";
-import { fetchUsage } from "./server/usage.js";
+import { fetchUsage, identify } from "./server/usage.js";
 
 export default function contribute(server: PluginServerContext) {
   server.registerUsageSource({
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ export default function contribute(server: PluginServerContext) {
     icon: "icon.svg",
     input: inputSchema,
     discover: async () => [{}],
+    identify,
     fetch: fetchUsage,
   });
   return () => {};
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugins/kimi-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts b/packages/server/src/plugins/kimi-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts
index d772517034..3b3039a7c2 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugins/kimi-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugins/kimi-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { mkdirSync, readFileSync, writeFileSync, mkdtempSync, rmSync } from "nod
 import { tmpdir } from "node:os";
 import { join } from "node:path";
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
-import { fetchUsage } from "./usage.js";
+import { identify, fetchUsage } from "./usage.js";
 import type { UsageReport } from "@getpaseo/plugin/server/usage";
 
 function kimiCredentialPath(dir: string): string {
@@ -368,3 +368,14 @@ describe("Kimi usage source usage windows", () => {
     ]);
   });
 });
+
+it("identify uses the configured kimi account key", async () => {
+  const previous = process.env["KIMI_TOKEN"];
+  try {
+    process.env["KIMI_TOKEN"] = "fixture-token";
+    expect(await identify()).toEqual({ key: "default" });
+  } finally {
+    if (previous === undefined) delete process.env["KIMI_TOKEN"];
+    else process.env["KIMI_TOKEN"] = previous;
+  }
+});
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugins/kimi-usage-source/server/usage.ts b/packages/server/src/plugins/kimi-usage-source/server/usage.ts
index 1cf4e32653..bd20560ae7 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugins/kimi-usage-source/server/usage.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugins/kimi-usage-source/server/usage.ts
@@ -315,7 +315,6 @@ export async function fetchUsage(
   if (windows[0]) windows[0].headline = true;
 
   return {
-    account: { key: "default" },
     status: "available",
     planLabel: undefined,
     windows,
@@ -323,3 +322,25 @@ export async function fetchUsage(
     details: [],
   };
 }
+
+export async function identify() {
+  if (process.env["KIMI_TOKEN"] || process.env["KIMI_API_KEY"]) return { key: "default" };
+  const home = homedir();
+  const paths = [
+    join(
+      process.env["KIMI_CODE_HOME"] || join(home, ".kimi-code"),
+      "credentials",
+      "kimi-code.json",
+    ),
+    join(home, ".kimi", "credentials", "kimi-code.json"),
+  ];
+  for (const path of paths) {
+    try {
+      const auth = KimiAuthSchema.parse(JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(path, "utf8")));
+      if (auth.access_token) return { key: "default" };
+    } catch {
+      continue;
+    }
+  }
+  return null;
+}
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugins/minimax-usage-source/index.server.ts b/packages/server/src/plugins/minimax-usage-source/index.server.ts
index f4b11cbc47..95d470867b 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugins/minimax-usage-source/index.server.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugins/minimax-usage-source/index.server.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { PluginServerContext } from "@getpaseo/plugin/server";
 import { inputSchema } from "./shared/input.js";
-import { fetchUsage } from "./server/usage.js";
+import { fetchUsage, identify } from "./server/usage.js";
 
 export default function contribute(server: PluginServerContext) {
   server.registerUsageSource({
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ export default function contribute(server: PluginServerContext) {
     icon: "icon.svg",
     input: inputSchema,
     discover: async () => [{}],
+    identify,
     fetch: fetchUsage,
   });
   return () => {};
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugins/minimax-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts b/packages/server/src/plugins/minimax-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts
index 620326f0be..b7660d7d68 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugins/minimax-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugins/minimax-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { mkdirSync, writeFileSync, mkdtempSync, rmSync } from "node:fs";
 import { tmpdir } from "node:os";
 import { join } from "node:path";
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
-import { fetchUsage } from "./usage.js";
+import { identify, fetchUsage } from "./usage.js";
 import type { UsageReport } from "@getpaseo/plugin/server/usage";
 
 function writeMiniMaxConfig(dir: string, payload: Record<string, unknown>): void {
@@ -313,3 +313,14 @@ describe("minimax usage source", () => {
     });
   });
 });
+
+it("identify uses the configured minimax account key", async () => {
+  const previous = process.env["MINIMAX_API_KEY"];
+  try {
+    process.env["MINIMAX_API_KEY"] = "fixture-token";
+    expect(await identify()).toEqual({ key: "default" });
+  } finally {
+    if (previous === undefined) delete process.env["MINIMAX_API_KEY"];
+    else process.env["MINIMAX_API_KEY"] = previous;
+  }
+});
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugins/minimax-usage-source/server/usage.ts b/packages/server/src/plugins/minimax-usage-source/server/usage.ts
index f87110e79e..9c0b019e0f 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugins/minimax-usage-source/server/usage.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugins/minimax-usage-source/server/usage.ts
@@ -258,7 +258,6 @@ export async function fetchUsage(
   if (windows[0]) windows[0].headline = true;
 
   return {
-    account: { key: "default" },
     status: windows.length > 0 ? "available" : "unavailable",
     planLabel: undefined,
     windows,
@@ -266,3 +265,25 @@ export async function fetchUsage(
     details: [],
   };
 }
+
+export async function identify() {
+  if (process.env["MINIMAX_API_KEY"]) return { key: "default" };
+  const home = join(homedir(), ".mmx");
+  try {
+    const credentials = MiniMaxCredentialsSchema.parse(
+      JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(join(home, "credentials.json"), "utf8")),
+    );
+    if (credentials.access_token) return { key: "default" };
+  } catch {
+    /* Check config next. */
+  }
+  try {
+    const config = MiniMaxConfigSchema.parse(
+      JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(join(home, "config.json"), "utf8")),
+    );
+    if (config.api_key || config.oauth?.access_token) return { key: "default" };
+  } catch {
+    /* No configured account. */
+  }
+  return null;
+}
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugins/opencode-go-usage-source/index.server.ts b/packages/server/src/plugins/opencode-go-usage-source/index.server.ts
index b011eaf2f4..cb47cc1ac6 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugins/opencode-go-usage-source/index.server.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugins/opencode-go-usage-source/index.server.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { PluginServerContext } from "@getpaseo/plugin/server";
 import { inputSchema } from "./shared/input.js";
-import { discover, fetchUsage } from "./server/usage.js";
+import { discover, fetchUsage, identify } from "./server/usage.js";
 
 export default function contribute(server: PluginServerContext) {
   server.registerUsageSource({
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ export default function contribute(server: PluginServerContext) {
     icon: "icon.svg",
     input: inputSchema,
     discover,
+    identify,
     fetch: fetchUsage,
   });
   return () => {};
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugins/opencode-go-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts b/packages/server/src/plugins/opencode-go-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts
index bb33576b49..8072f68a00 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugins/opencode-go-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugins/opencode-go-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { mkdtemp, readFile, rm, writeFile } from "node:fs/promises";
 import { tmpdir } from "node:os";
 import { join } from "node:path";
 import { expect, test } from "vitest";
-import { discover, fetchUsage } from "./usage.js";
+import { discover, fetchUsage, identify } from "./usage.js";
 
 const upstreamResponse = {
   usage: {
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ test("omits default discovery when auth.json lacks an OpenCode Go API key", asyn
       },
       path,
     );
-    expect(report).toEqual({ account: { key: "default" }, status: "unavailable", windows: [] });
+    expect(report).toEqual({ status: "unavailable", windows: [] });
   } finally {
     await rm(directory, { recursive: true, force: true });
   }
@@ -74,3 +74,10 @@ test.each([401, 403])("maps HTTP %i to unavailable", async (status) => {
   expect(report.status).toBe("unavailable");
   expect(report.windows).toEqual([]);
 });
+
+test("identifies OpenCode Go key without a usage request", async () => {
+  const identity = await identify({ apiKey: "fixture-secret" });
+  expect(identity?.key).toMatch(/^[a-f0-9]{64}$/);
+  expect(identity?.key).not.toBe("fixture-secret");
+  expect(await identify({ apiKey: "fixture-secret" })).toEqual(identity);
+});
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugins/opencode-go-usage-source/server/usage.ts b/packages/server/src/plugins/opencode-go-usage-source/server/usage.ts
index 348f9c2d9e..0a761fdb99 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugins/opencode-go-usage-source/server/usage.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugins/opencode-go-usage-source/server/usage.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-import { createHash } from "node:crypto";
 import { readFile } from "node:fs/promises";
 import { homedir } from "node:os";
 import { join } from "node:path";
 import { z } from "zod";
 import {
+  hashAccountKey,
   toneFromUsedPct,
   windowFromUsedPct,
   type UsageReport,
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ function authPath(env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv = process.env): string {
   );
 }
 
-async function readDefaultKey(path = authPath()): Promise<string | null> {
+export async function readDefaultKey(path = authPath()): Promise<string | null> {
   try {
     const auth = authSchema.parse(JSON.parse(await readFile(path, "utf8")));
     return auth["opencode-go"]?.key ?? null;
@@ -54,14 +54,13 @@ export async function fetchUsage(
   path = authPath(),
 ): Promise<UsageReport> {
   const apiKey = "apiKey" in input ? input.apiKey : await readDefaultKey(path);
-  if (!apiKey) return { account: { key: "default" }, status: "unavailable", windows: [] };
-  const key = createHash("sha256").update(apiKey).digest("hex");
+  if (!apiKey) return { status: "unavailable", windows: [] };
   const response = await fetchApi("https://opencode.ai/zen/go/v1/usage", {
     headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${apiKey}`, Accept: "application/json" },
     signal: AbortSignal.timeout(15_000),
   });
   if (response.status === 401 || response.status === 403)
-    return { account: { key }, status: "unavailable", windows: [] };
+    return { status: "unavailable", windows: [] };
   if (!response.ok) throw new Error(`OpenCode Go usage API returned ${response.status}`);
   const data = responseSchema.parse(await response.json());
   const windows = (
@@ -80,5 +79,10 @@ export async function fetchUsage(
       headline: id === "rolling",
     }),
   );
-  return { account: { key }, status: "available", planLabel: "Go", windows };
+  return { status: "available", planLabel: "Go", windows };
+}
+
+export async function identify(input: Input, path = authPath()) {
+  const key = "apiKey" in input ? input.apiKey : await readDefaultKey(path);
+  return key ? { key: hashAccountKey(key) } : null;
 }
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugins/zai-usage-source/index.server.ts b/packages/server/src/plugins/zai-usage-source/index.server.ts
index 95b86aefd7..b4fd86943a 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugins/zai-usage-source/index.server.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugins/zai-usage-source/index.server.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { PluginServerContext } from "@getpaseo/plugin/server";
 import { inputSchema } from "./shared/input.js";
-import { fetchUsage } from "./server/usage.js";
+import { fetchUsage, identify } from "./server/usage.js";
 
 export default function contribute(server: PluginServerContext) {
   server.registerUsageSource({
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ export default function contribute(server: PluginServerContext) {
     icon: "icon.svg",
     input: inputSchema,
     discover: async () => [{}],
+    identify,
     fetch: fetchUsage,
   });
   return () => {};
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugins/zai-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts b/packages/server/src/plugins/zai-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts
index 3f8fd0082d..9988640e32 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugins/zai-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugins/zai-usage-source/server/usage.test.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { mkdtempSync, rmSync } from "node:fs";
 import { tmpdir } from "node:os";
 import { join } from "node:path";
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
-import { fetchUsage } from "./usage.js";
+import { identify, fetchUsage } from "./usage.js";
 import type { UsageReport } from "@getpaseo/plugin/server/usage";
 
 function mockFetch(handlers: Map<string, () => Response>): typeof fetch {
@@ -117,3 +117,14 @@ describe("zai usage source", () => {
     });
   });
 });
+
+it("identify uses the configured zai account key", async () => {
+  const previous = process.env["ZAI_API_KEY"];
+  try {
+    process.env["ZAI_API_KEY"] = "fixture-token";
+    expect(await identify()).toEqual({ key: "default" });
+  } finally {
+    if (previous === undefined) delete process.env["ZAI_API_KEY"];
+    else process.env["ZAI_API_KEY"] = previous;
+  }
+});
diff --git a/packages/server/src/plugins/zai-usage-source/server/usage.ts b/packages/server/src/plugins/zai-usage-source/server/usage.ts
index 8d23f88f1a..432990f374 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/plugins/zai-usage-source/server/usage.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/plugins/zai-usage-source/server/usage.ts
@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@ export async function fetchUsage(
   }
 
   return {
-    account: { key: "default" },
     status: "available",
     planLabel: sub.productName || undefined,
     windows: [],
@@ -65,3 +64,7 @@ export async function fetchUsage(
     details,
   };
 }
+
+export async function identify() {
+  return process.env["ZAI_API_KEY"] || process.env["GLM_API_KEY"] ? { key: "default" } : null;
+}
diff --git a/packages/server/src/server/authorization/operation-permissions.ts b/packages/server/src/server/authorization/operation-permissions.ts
index dffcc10d29..fa260011c3 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/server/authorization/operation-permissions.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/server/authorization/operation-permissions.ts
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ const INBOUND_PERMISSION = {
   project_icon_request: "workspace.read",
   "provider.usage.list.request": "daemon.read",
   "usage.list_reports.request": "daemon.read",
-  "agent.get_usage_report.request": "daemon.read",
+  "agent.resolve_usage_report.request": "daemon.read",
   provider_diagnostic_request: "daemon.read",
   pull_request_timeline_request: "workspace.read",
   "push.unregister.request": "workspace.read",
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ const OUTBOUND_PERMISSION = {
   project_icon_response: "workspace.read",
   "provider.usage.list.response": "daemon.read",
   "usage.list_reports.response": "daemon.read",
-  "agent.get_usage_report.response": "daemon.read",
+  "agent.resolve_usage_report.response": "daemon.read",
   provider_diagnostic_response: "daemon.read",
   providers_snapshot_update: ["daemon.read", "hub.execute"],
   pull_request_timeline_response: "workspace.read",
diff --git a/packages/server/src/server/plugins/index.ts b/packages/server/src/server/plugins/index.ts
index 2b0c943cf5..09247488dc 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/server/plugins/index.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/server/plugins/index.ts
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ interface PluginRuntimePort {
   clearLogs(pluginId: string): void;
   getProviderRegistrations?(pluginId: string): readonly PluginProviderMetadata[];
   getUsageSourceRegistrations(pluginId: string): readonly PluginUsageSourceMetadata[];
+  identifyUsage: PluginRuntime["identifyUsage"];
   fetchUsage: PluginRuntime["fetchUsage"];
   discoverUsage: PluginRuntime["discoverUsage"];
   connectProvider: PluginRuntime["connectProvider"];
@@ -143,12 +144,16 @@ export class PluginService {
     return [...this.providers.values()].sort((left, right) => left.id.localeCompare(right.id));
   }
 
-  listUsageReports(options?: { forceRefresh?: boolean; references?: UsageReference[] }) {
+  listUsageReports(options?: {
+    forceRefresh?: boolean;
+    reportIds?: string[];
+    references?: UsageReference[];
+  }) {
     return this.usageSources.listReports(options);
   }
 
-  fetchUsageReference(reference: UsageReference, options?: { forceRefresh?: boolean }) {
-    return this.usageSources.fetchReference(reference, options);
+  resolveUsageReference(reference: UsageReference) {
+    return this.usageSources.resolveReference(reference);
   }
 
   listLegacyUsage() {
@@ -569,6 +574,11 @@ export class PluginService {
               throw new Error(`Invalid usage discovery from ${source.id}`);
             return result;
           },
+          identify: (input) =>
+            this.runtime.identifyUsage(pluginId, source.id, input) as Promise<{
+              key: string;
+              label?: string;
+            } | null>,
           fetch: (input) => {
             return this.runtime.fetchUsage(pluginId, source.id, input);
           },
diff --git a/packages/server/src/server/plugins/plugin-process-protocol.ts b/packages/server/src/server/plugins/plugin-process-protocol.ts
index d1e3bd9aa0..16ee512c37 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/server/plugins/plugin-process-protocol.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/server/plugins/plugin-process-protocol.ts
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ export type PluginProcessRequest =
     }
   | { type: "hook"; requestId: string; kind: "event" | "before"; name: string; input: unknown }
   | { type: "hook.cancel"; requestId: string }
+  | { type: "usage.identify"; requestId: string; sourceId: string; input: unknown }
   | { type: "usage.fetch"; requestId: string; sourceId: string; input: unknown }
   | { type: "usage.discover"; requestId: string; sourceId: string }
   | { type: "invoke"; requestId: string; method: string; input: unknown }
@@ -161,6 +162,14 @@ export const PluginProcessRequestSchema: z.ZodType<PluginProcessRequest> = z.dis
       })
       .strict(),
     z.object({ type: z.literal("hook.cancel"), requestId: z.string() }).strict(),
+    z
+      .object({
+        type: z.literal("usage.identify"),
+        requestId: z.string(),
+        sourceId: z.string(),
+        input: z.unknown(),
+      })
+      .strict(),
     z
       .object({
         type: z.literal("usage.fetch"),
diff --git a/packages/server/src/server/plugins/plugin-process.ts b/packages/server/src/server/plugins/plugin-process.ts
index c3d84daa55..b848c89789 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/server/plugins/plugin-process.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/server/plugins/plugin-process.ts
@@ -362,7 +362,10 @@ export function createPluginWorker(options: {
   }
 
   function handleUsageRequest(
-    message: Extract<PluginProcessRequest, { type: "usage.fetch" | "usage.discover" }>,
+    message: Extract<
+      PluginProcessRequest,
+      { type: "usage.identify" | "usage.fetch" | "usage.discover" }
+    >,
   ): void {
     void (async () => {
       const source = usageSources.get(message.sourceId);
@@ -370,7 +373,11 @@ export function createPluginWorker(options: {
       if (message.type === "usage.discover")
         return jsonTransportValue(source.discover ? await source.discover() : []);
       const input = await source.input.parseAsync(message.input);
-      return jsonTransportValue(await source.fetch(input));
+      return jsonTransportValue(
+        message.type === "usage.identify"
+          ? await source.identify(input)
+          : await source.fetch(input),
+      );
     })().then(
       (output) => send({ type: "result", requestId: message.requestId, output }),
       (error) => send({ type: "error", requestId: message.requestId, error: describeError(error) }),
@@ -380,6 +387,7 @@ export function createPluginWorker(options: {
   function rejectWhileStopping(message: PluginProcessRequest): void {
     if (
       message.type === "provider.catalog_key" ||
+      message.type === "usage.identify" ||
       message.type === "usage.fetch" ||
       message.type === "usage.discover"
     ) {
@@ -456,7 +464,11 @@ export function createPluginWorker(options: {
       );
       return;
     }
-    if (message.type === "usage.fetch" || message.type === "usage.discover") {
+    if (
+      message.type === "usage.identify" ||
+      message.type === "usage.fetch" ||
+      message.type === "usage.discover"
+    ) {
       handleUsageRequest(message);
       return;
     }
diff --git a/packages/server/src/server/plugins/runtime.ts b/packages/server/src/server/plugins/runtime.ts
index 5a645c94b7..ea6b1ae554 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/server/plugins/runtime.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/server/plugins/runtime.ts
@@ -389,6 +389,17 @@ export class PluginRuntime {
     return this.plugins.get(pluginId)?.usageSources ?? [];
   }
 
+  identifyUsage(pluginId: string, sourceId: string, input: unknown): Promise<unknown> {
+    const loaded = this.plugins.get(pluginId);
+    if (!loaded) throw new Error(`Plugin is not available: ${pluginId}`);
+    return this.request(loaded, {
+      type: "usage.identify",
+      requestId: randomUUID(),
+      sourceId,
+      input,
+    });
+  }
+
   fetchUsage(pluginId: string, sourceId: string, input: unknown): Promise<unknown> {
     const loaded = this.plugins.get(pluginId);
     if (!loaded) throw new Error(`Plugin is not available: ${pluginId}`);
diff --git a/packages/server/src/server/plugins/session-usage-reference.e2e.test.ts b/packages/server/src/server/plugins/session-usage-reference.e2e.test.ts
index f35cc1e021..ae69a0a60d 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/server/plugins/session-usage-reference.e2e.test.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/server/plugins/session-usage-reference.e2e.test.ts
@@ -25,26 +25,32 @@ test("resolves a provider plugin session reference through its usage source", as
       provider: "fixture-session-provider",
       cwd: directory,
     });
-    const result = await client.getAgentUsageReport({ agentId: agent.id });
-    expect(result.entry).toMatchObject({
+    const result = await client.resolveAgentUsageReport({ agentId: agent.id });
+    expect(result.reportId).toBe("fixture-session-usage:from-session");
+    expect(
+      (await client.listUsageReports({ reportIds: [result.reportId!] })).reports[0],
+    ).toMatchObject({
+      id: result.reportId,
       sourceId: "fixture-session-usage",
-      report: { account: { key: "from-session" }, windows: [{ usedPct: 31 }] },
+      report: { windows: [{ usedPct: 31 }] },
     });
     const reports = await client.listUsageReports();
-    expect(reports.reports.map((entry) => entry.report.account.key)).toContain("from-session");
+    expect(reports.reports.map((entry) => entry.id)).toContain(
+      "fixture-session-usage:from-session",
+    );
     const missing = await client.createAgent({
       provider: "fixture-session-provider",
       cwd: directory,
       model: "missing",
     });
-    expect((await client.getAgentUsageReport({ agentId: missing.id })).entry).toBeNull();
+    expect((await client.resolveAgentUsageReport({ agentId: missing.id })).reportId).toBeNull();
   } finally {
     await client.close();
     await daemon.close();
   }
 }, 60_000);
 
-test("agent.get_usage_report resolves source IDs from default built-in and ACP sessions", async () => {
+test("agent.resolve_usage_report resolves source IDs from default built-in and ACP sessions", async () => {
   const directory = fileURLToPath(
     new URL("./test-fixtures/session-usage-reference/", import.meta.url),
   );
@@ -131,8 +137,8 @@ test("agent.get_usage_report resolves source IDs from default built-in and ACP s
     await client.connect();
     for (const provider of providers) {
       const agent = await client.createAgent({ provider, cwd: directory });
-      const result = await client.getAgentUsageReport({ agentId: agent.id });
-      expect(result.entry?.sourceId, provider).toBe(provider);
+      const result = await client.resolveAgentUsageReport({ agentId: agent.id });
+      expect(result.reportId, provider).toBe(`${provider}:default`);
     }
   } finally {
     await client.close();
diff --git a/packages/server/src/server/plugins/test-fixtures/session-usage-reference/index.server.ts b/packages/server/src/server/plugins/test-fixtures/session-usage-reference/index.server.ts
index c74504a958..c5aeaede16 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/server/plugins/test-fixtures/session-usage-reference/index.server.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/server/plugins/test-fixtures/session-usage-reference/index.server.ts
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ export default function contribute(server: PluginServerContext) {
       id,
       label: id,
       input,
+      identify: async () => ({ key: "default" }),
       fetch: async () => ({
-        account: { key: "default" },
         status: "available",
         windows: [{ id: "hour", label: "Hour", usedPct: 31, headline: true }],
       }),
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ export default function contribute(server: PluginServerContext) {
     id: "fixture-session-usage",
     label: "Fixture session usage",
     input: z.object({ account: z.string() }).strict(),
-    fetch: async (input) => ({
-      account: { key: (input as { account: string }).account },
+    identify: async (input) => ({ key: (input as { account: string }).account }),
+    fetch: async () => ({
       status: "available",
       windows: [{ id: "hour", label: "Hour", usedPct: 31, headline: true }],
     }),
diff --git a/packages/server/src/server/plugins/test-fixtures/usage-source-directory/index.server.ts b/packages/server/src/server/plugins/test-fixtures/usage-source-directory/index.server.ts
index 62102d07c1..48a4ee5eec 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/server/plugins/test-fixtures/usage-source-directory/index.server.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/server/plugins/test-fixtures/usage-source-directory/index.server.ts
@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@ export default function contribute(server: PluginServerContext) {
       ];
       return inputs;
     },
+    identify: async (input) => ({ key: (input as { account: string }).account }),
     fetch: async (input) => {
       const account = (input as { account: string }).account;
       if (account === "throws") throw new Error("fixture failure");
       fetches++;
       return {
-        account: { key: account },
         status: "available",
         windows: [{ id: "count", label: "Count", usedPct: fetches, headline: true }],
       };
diff --git a/packages/server/src/server/plugins/test-fixtures/usage-source/index.server.ts b/packages/server/src/server/plugins/test-fixtures/usage-source/index.server.ts
index b76cd67b42..a8f1f28211 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/server/plugins/test-fixtures/usage-source/index.server.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/server/plugins/test-fixtures/usage-source/index.server.ts
@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@ export default function contribute(server: PluginServerContext) {
       ];
       return inputs;
     },
+    identify: async (input) => ({ key: (input as { account: string }).account }),
     fetch: async (input) => {
       const account = (input as { account: string }).account;
       if (account === "throws") throw new Error("fixture failure");
       fetches++;
       return {
-        account: { key: account },
         status: "available",
         windows: [{ id: "count", label: "Count", usedPct: fetches, headline: true }],
       };
diff --git a/packages/server/src/server/plugins/usage-sources.e2e.test.ts b/packages/server/src/server/plugins/usage-sources.e2e.test.ts
index d5e63fc795..588cbc7e78 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/server/plugins/usage-sources.e2e.test.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/server/plugins/usage-sources.e2e.test.ts
@@ -21,19 +21,23 @@ test("lists internal and subprocess usage; validates input and isolates fetch er
     const first = await client.listUsageReports();
     expect(first.reports).toHaveLength(3);
     expect(first.reports[0]?.icon).toContain("<svg");
+    expect(first.reports[0]?.fetchedAt).toMatch(/^\d{4}-/);
     expect(
-      first.reports.find((entry) => entry.report.account.key === "one")?.report.windows[0]?.usedPct,
+      first.reports.find((entry) => entry.id === "fixture:one")?.report.windows[0]?.usedPct,
     ).toBe(1);
     expect(first.reports.filter((entry) => entry.report.status === "error")).toHaveLength(2);
     expect(
-      (await client.listUsageReports()).reports.find((entry) => entry.report.account.key === "one")
-        ?.report.windows[0]?.usedPct,
+      (await client.listUsageReports()).reports.find((entry) => entry.id === "fixture:one")?.report
+        .windows[0]?.usedPct,
     ).toBe(1);
     expect(
-      (await client.listUsageReports({ forceRefresh: true })).reports.find(
-        (entry) => entry.report.account.key === "one",
-      )?.report.windows[0]?.usedPct,
+      (
+        await client.listUsageReports({ reportIds: ["fixture:one"], forceRefresh: true })
+      ).reports.find((entry) => entry.id === "fixture:one")?.report.windows[0]?.usedPct,
     ).toBe(2);
+    expect(
+      (await client.listUsageReports({ reportIds: ["fixture:throws"] })).reports[0]?.report.status,
+    ).toBe("error");
     await client.patchDaemonConfig({ pluginsEnabled: true });
     await client.installDirectoryPlugin(subprocessDirectory, "fixture-directory");
     const both = await client.listUsageReports({ forceRefresh: true });
diff --git a/packages/server/src/server/plugins/usage-sources/index.test.ts b/packages/server/src/server/plugins/usage-sources/index.test.ts
index ce51810ce8..cbfde562b5 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/server/plugins/usage-sources/index.test.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/server/plugins/usage-sources/index.test.ts
@@ -1,148 +1,181 @@
 import { expect, test } from "vitest";
 import { UsageSourceRegistry } from "./index.js";
 
-const report = (key: string, count: number) => ({
-  account: { key },
-  status: "available" as const,
-  windows: [{ id: "count", label: "Count", usedPct: count }],
-});
+function source(input: {
+  id: string;
+  discover?: () => Promise<unknown[]>;
+  identify?: (value: unknown) => Promise<{ key: string } | null>;
+  fetch?: (value: unknown) => Promise<unknown>;
+}) {
+  return {
+    id: input.id,
+    label: input.id,
+    discover: input.discover ?? (async () => []),
+    identify:
+      input.identify ??
+      (async (value: unknown) => ({ key: (value as { account: string }).account })),
+    fetch: input.fetch ?? (async () => ({ status: "available", windows: [] })),
+  };
+}
 
-test("caches by source and input for five minutes and forceRefresh bypasses it", async () => {
-  let now = 0;
-  let count = 0;
-  const registry = new UsageSourceRegistry(() => now);
-  registry.register({
-    id: "fixture",
-    label: "Fixture",
-    discover: async () => [{ account: "a" }],
-    fetch: async () => report("a", ++count),
-  });
-  expect((await registry.listReports())[0]?.report.windows[0]?.usedPct).toBe(1);
-  expect((await registry.listReports())[0]?.report.windows[0]?.usedPct).toBe(1);
-  expect((await registry.listReports({ forceRefresh: true }))[0]?.report.windows[0]?.usedPct).toBe(
-    2,
-  );
-  now = 300_001;
-  expect((await registry.listReports())[0]?.report.windows[0]?.usedPct).toBe(3);
-});
-
-test("coalesces concurrent fetches and dedupes accounts", async () => {
-  let count = 0;
+test("identifies accounts without fetching and preserves IDs across token rotation", async () => {
   const registry = new UsageSourceRegistry();
-  registry.register({
-    id: "fixture",
-    label: "Fixture",
-    discover: async () => [{ a: 1 }, { a: 2 }],
-    fetch: async () => report("same", ++count),
-  });
-  const [first, second] = await Promise.all([
-    registry.fetch("fixture", { a: 1 }),
-    registry.fetch("fixture", { a: 1 }),
-  ]);
-  expect(first).toBe(second);
-  expect(count).toBe(1);
-  expect(await registry.listReports()).toHaveLength(1);
-});
-
-test("includes live session references and ignores unregistered sources", async () => {
-  const registry = new UsageSourceRegistry();
-  registry.register({
-    id: "fixture",
-    label: "Fixture",
-    discover: async () => [{ account: "default" }],
-    fetch: async (input) => report((input as { account: string }).account, 25),
-  });
-  const reports = await registry.listReports({
-    references: [
-      { source: "fixture", input: { account: "second" } },
-      { source: "missing", input: {} },
-    ],
-  });
-  expect(reports.map((entry) => entry.report.account.key)).toEqual(["default", "second"]);
-  expect(await registry.fetchReference({ source: "missing", input: {} })).toBeNull();
-});
-
-test("drops expired cached inputs on a later write", async () => {
-  let now = 0;
-  const registry = new UsageSourceRegistry(() => now, 100);
-  registry.register({
-    id: "fixture",
-    label: "Fixture",
-    discover: async () => [],
-    fetch: async (input) => report(String(input), 1),
-  });
-  await registry.fetch("fixture", "old");
-  now = 101;
-  await registry.fetch("fixture", "new");
-  const cache = Reflect.get(registry, "cache") as Map<string, unknown>;
-  expect(cache.size).toBe(1);
-});
-
-test("turns fetch and discovery failures into error reports", async () => {
-  const registry = new UsageSourceRegistry();
-  registry.register({
-    id: "failure",
-    label: "Failure",
-    discover: async () => [{}],
-    fetch: async () => {
-      throw new Error("failed");
-    },
-  });
-  registry.register({
-    id: "discovery",
-    label: "Discovery",
-    discover: async () => {
-      throw new Error("discovery failed");
-    },
-    fetch: async () => report("never", 0),
-  });
-  expect((await registry.listReports()).map((entry) => entry.report.status)).toEqual([
-    "error",
-    "error",
-  ]);
-});
-
-test("maps discovered reports to the legacy provider usage response", async () => {
-  const registry = new UsageSourceRegistry(() => Date.parse("2026-06-19T00:00:00.000Z"));
-  registry.register({
-    id: "fixture",
-    label: "Fixture Source",
-    discover: async () => [{}],
-    fetch: async () => ({
-      account: { key: "one" },
-      status: "available",
-      windows: [{ id: "weekly", label: "Weekly", usedPct: 42, headline: true }],
+  let fetches = 0;
+  let token = "old";
+  registry.register(
+    source({
+      id: "codex",
+      discover: async () => [{ account: "work", token }],
+      fetch: async (input) => {
+        fetches++;
+        return {
+          status: "available",
+          windows: [{ id: "token", label: (input as { token: string }).token }],
+        };
+      },
     }),
+  );
+  expect(
+    await registry.resolveReference({ source: "codex", input: { account: "work", token } }),
+  ).toBe("codex:work");
+  expect(fetches).toBe(0);
+  token = "new";
+  expect(
+    await registry.resolveReference({ source: "codex", input: { account: "work", token } }),
+  ).toBe("codex:work");
+  expect(
+    (await registry.listReports({ reportIds: ["codex:work"] }))[0]?.report.windows[0]?.label,
+  ).toBe("new");
+  expect(fetches).toBe(1);
+});
+
+test("coalesces per account, caches errors, and refreshes only requested IDs", async () => {
+  let now = 0;
+  const counts = new Map<string, number>();
+  const registry = new UsageSourceRegistry(() => now);
+  registry.register(
+    source({
+      id: "source",
+      discover: async () => [{ account: "a" }, { account: "b" }],
+      fetch: async (input) => {
+        const account = (input as { account: string }).account;
+        counts.set(account, (counts.get(account) ?? 0) + 1);
+        if (account === "b") throw new Error("failed");
+        return { status: "available", windows: [] };
+      },
+    }),
+  );
+  const first = await registry.listReports();
+  expect(first.map((entry) => entry.id)).toEqual(["source:a", "source:b"]);
+  expect(first[1]?.report.status).toBe("error");
+  expect(await registry.listReports()).toEqual(first);
+  expect(counts.get("a")).toBe(1);
+  expect(counts.get("b")).toBe(1);
+  now = 1000;
+  const refreshed = await registry.listReports({
+    reportIds: ["source:a", "missing:id"],
+    forceRefresh: true,
   });
-  registry.register({
-    id: "missing",
-    label: "Missing Source",
-    discover: async () => [{}],
-    fetch: async () => ({ account: { key: "default" }, status: "unavailable", windows: [] }),
+  expect(refreshed.map((entry) => entry.id)).toEqual(["source:a"]);
+  expect(refreshed[0]?.fetchedAt).not.toBe(first[0]?.fetchedAt);
+  expect(counts.get("a")).toBe(2);
+  expect(counts.get("b")).toBe(1);
+  now = 301_001;
+  await registry.listReports({ reportIds: ["source:a"] });
+  expect(counts.get("a")).toBe(3);
+});
+
+test("invalid keys become source errors and missing identities produce no report", async () => {
+  const registry = new UsageSourceRegistry();
+  registry.register(
+    source({
+      id: "source",
+      discover: async () => [{ account: "bad:key" }, { account: "none" }],
+      identify: async (input) => {
+        const account = (input as { account: string }).account;
+        return account === "none" ? null : { key: account };
+      },
+    }),
+  );
+  const reports = await registry.listReports();
+  expect(reports.map((entry) => entry.id)).toEqual(["source:error"]);
+  expect(reports[0]?.report.status).toBe("error");
+  expect(
+    await registry.resolveReference({ source: "source", input: { account: "none" } }),
+  ).toBeNull();
+});
+
+test("legacy listing uses oldest fetchedAt", async () => {
+  let now = 1000;
+  const registry = new UsageSourceRegistry(() => now);
+  registry.register(
+    source({ id: "source", discover: async () => [{ account: "a" }, { account: "b" }] }),
+  );
+  await registry.listReports({ references: [{ source: "source", input: { account: "a" } }] });
+  now = 2000;
+  await registry.listReports({ reportIds: ["source:b"], forceRefresh: true });
+  expect((await registry.listLegacyUsage()).fetchedAt).toBe(new Date(1000).toISOString());
+});
+
+test("two Codex homes and a token route resolve to their vendor account IDs", async () => {
+  const { mkdtemp, writeFile, rm } = await import("node:fs/promises");
+  const { tmpdir } = await import("node:os");
+  const { join } = await import("node:path");
+  const { identify } = await import("../../../plugins/codex-usage-source/server/usage.js");
+  const personal = await mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), "usage-personal-"));
+  const work = await mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), "usage-work-"));
+  try {
+    await writeFile(
+      join(personal, "auth.json"),
+      JSON.stringify({ tokens: { account_id: "personal-id", access_token: "personal-token" } }),
+    );
+    await writeFile(
+      join(work, "auth.json"),
+      JSON.stringify({ tokens: { account_id: "work-id", access_token: "work-token" } }),
+    );
+    const registry = new UsageSourceRegistry();
+    registry.register(
+      source({
+        id: "codex",
+        discover: async () => [{ codexHome: personal }, { codexHome: work }],
+        identify: async (input) => identify(input as Parameters<typeof identify>[0]),
+      }),
+    );
+    const token = `header.${Buffer.from(JSON.stringify({ "https://api.openai.com/auth": { chatgpt_account_id: "work-id" } })).toString("base64url")}.signature`;
+    expect(
+      await registry.resolveReference({ source: "codex", input: { accessToken: token } }),
+    ).toBe("codex:work-id");
+    expect((await registry.listReports()).map((entry) => entry.id)).toEqual([
+      "codex:personal-id",
+      "codex:work-id",
+    ]);
+  } finally {
+    await rm(personal, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    await rm(work, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  }
+});
+
+test("concurrent requests for the same ID share one vendor fetch", async () => {
+  let finish!: (report: unknown) => void;
+  const response = new Promise<unknown>((resolve) => {
+    finish = resolve;
   });
-  expect(await registry.listLegacyUsage()).toEqual({
-    fetchedAt: "2026-06-19T00:00:00.000Z",
-    providers: [
-      {
-        providerId: "fixture",
-        displayName: "Fixture Source",
-        status: "available",
-        planLabel: null,
-        windows: [{ id: "weekly", label: "Weekly", usedPct: 42, headline: true }],
-        balances: [],
-        details: [],
-        error: null,
+  let fetches = 0;
+  const registry = new UsageSourceRegistry();
+  registry.register(
+    source({
+      id: "coalesced",
+      fetch: async () => {
+        fetches++;
+        return response;
       },
-      {
-        providerId: "missing",
-        displayName: "Missing Source",
-        status: "unavailable",
-        planLabel: null,
-        windows: [],
-        balances: [],
-        details: [],
-        error: null,
-      },
-    ],
-  });
+    }),
+  );
+  await registry.resolveReference({ source: "coalesced", input: { account: "one" } });
+  const first = registry.listReports({ reportIds: ["coalesced:one"] });
+  const second = registry.listReports({ reportIds: ["coalesced:one"], forceRefresh: true });
+  finish({ status: "available", windows: [] });
+  const [one, two] = await Promise.all([first, second]);
+  expect(one[0]).toBe(two[0]);
+  expect(fetches).toBe(1);
 });
diff --git a/packages/server/src/server/plugins/usage-sources/index.ts b/packages/server/src/server/plugins/usage-sources/index.ts
index 686a3e509a..1734817104 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/server/plugins/usage-sources/index.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/server/plugins/usage-sources/index.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-import { createHash } from "node:crypto";
 import {
   UsageReportSchema,
-  type UsageReportEntry,
   type ProviderUsage,
+  type UsageReportEntry,
 } from "@getpaseo/protocol/messages";
 import type { UsageReference } from "../../agent/agent-sdk-types.js";
 
@@ -11,12 +10,20 @@ export interface UsageSource {
   label: string;
   icon?: string;
   discover(): Promise<unknown[]>;
+  identify(input: unknown): Promise<{ key: string; label?: string } | null>;
   fetch(input: unknown): Promise<unknown>;
 }
 
-/** Owns running sources, account deduplication, and the five-minute fetch cache. */
+interface KnownReport {
+  source: UsageSource;
+  input: unknown;
+  label?: string;
+}
+
+/** Owns account identity, the latest input for each report, and the five-minute fetch cache. */
 export class UsageSourceRegistry {
   private readonly sources = new Map<string, UsageSource>();
+  private readonly known = new Map<string, KnownReport>();
   private readonly cache = new Map<string, { at: number; entry: UsageReportEntry }>();
   private readonly pending = new Map<string, Promise<UsageReportEntry>>();
 
@@ -32,55 +39,78 @@ export class UsageSourceRegistry {
 
   unregister(id: string): void {
     this.sources.delete(id);
+    for (const key of this.known.keys()) if (key.startsWith(`${id}:`)) this.known.delete(key);
     for (const key of this.cache.keys()) if (key.startsWith(`${id}:`)) this.cache.delete(key);
   }
 
+  async resolveReference(reference: UsageReference): Promise<string | null> {
+    const source = this.sources.get(reference.source);
+    if (!source) return null;
+    return this.identify(source, reference.input);
+  }
+
+  private async identify(source: UsageSource, input: unknown): Promise<string | null> {
+    try {
+      const account = await source.identify(input);
+      if (account === null) return null;
+      if (
+        typeof account !== "object" ||
+        (account.label !== undefined && typeof account.label !== "string")
+      )
+        throw new Error(`Invalid account identity from ${source.id}`);
+      if (typeof account.key !== "string" || !/^[A-Za-z0-9._-]{1,128}$/.test(account.key))
+        throw new Error(`Invalid account key from ${source.id}`);
+      const id = `${source.id}:${account.key}`;
+      this.known.set(id, { source, input, label: account.label });
+      return id;
+    } catch (error) {
+      const id = `${source.id}:error`;
+      this.cache.set(id, { at: this.now(), entry: this.errorEntry(source, id, error) });
+      return id;
+    }
+  }
+
   async listReports(
-    options: {
-      forceRefresh?: boolean;
-      references?: UsageReference[];
-    } = {},
+    options: { forceRefresh?: boolean; reportIds?: string[]; references?: UsageReference[] } = {},
   ): Promise<UsageReportEntry[]> {
+    const ids = options.reportIds ?? (await this.discoverReportIds(options.references ?? []));
+    return Promise.all(
+      [...new Set(ids)]
+        .filter((id) => this.known.has(id) || this.cache.has(id))
+        .map((id) => this.fetchId(id, options.forceRefresh)),
+    );
+  }
+
+  private async discoverReportIds(references: UsageReference[]): Promise<string[]> {
     const discovered = await Promise.all(
       [...this.sources.values()].map(async (source) => {
         try {
           const inputs = await source.discover();
           if (!Array.isArray(inputs)) throw new Error("Usage discovery must return an array");
-          return await Promise.all(inputs.map((input) => this.fetch(source.id, input, options)));
+          return (await Promise.all(inputs.map((input) => this.identify(source, input)))).filter(
+            (id): id is string => id !== null,
+          );
         } catch (error) {
-          return [this.errorEntry(source, error)];
+          const id = `${source.id}:error`;
+          this.cache.set(id, { at: this.now(), entry: this.errorEntry(source, id, error) });
+          return [id];
         }
       }),
     );
-    const unique = new Map<string, UsageReportEntry>();
-    const referenced = await Promise.all(
-      (options.references ?? []).map(async (reference) => {
-        if (!this.sources.has(reference.source)) return null;
-        return this.fetch(reference.source, reference.input, options);
-      }),
-    );
-    for (const entry of [
-      ...discovered.flat(),
-      ...referenced.filter((result): result is UsageReportEntry => result !== null),
-    ])
-      unique.set(`${entry.sourceId}:${entry.report.account.key}`, entry);
-    return [...unique.values()];
-  }
-
-  fetchReference(
-    reference: UsageReference,
-    options: { forceRefresh?: boolean } = {},
-  ): Promise<UsageReportEntry | null> {
-    return this.sources.has(reference.source)
-      ? this.fetch(reference.source, reference.input, options)
-      : Promise.resolve(null);
+    const live = await Promise.all(references.map((reference) => this.resolveReference(reference)));
+    return [...discovered.flat(), ...live.filter((id): id is string => id !== null)];
   }
 
   // COMPAT(providerUsageList): added in v0.9.3, remove after 2027-03-26.
   async listLegacyUsage(): Promise<{ fetchedAt: string; providers: ProviderUsage[] }> {
     const reports = await this.listReports();
     return {
-      fetchedAt: new Date(this.now()).toISOString(),
+      fetchedAt: reports.length
+        ? reports.reduce(
+            (oldest, entry) => (entry.fetchedAt < oldest ? entry.fetchedAt : oldest),
+            reports[0]!.fetchedAt,
+          )
+        : new Date(this.now()).toISOString(),
       providers: reports.map((entry) => ({
         providerId: entry.sourceId,
         displayName: entry.sourceLabel,
@@ -94,49 +124,55 @@ export class UsageSourceRegistry {
     };
   }
 
-  fetch(
-    sourceId: string,
-    input: unknown,
-    options: { forceRefresh?: boolean } = {},
-  ): Promise<UsageReportEntry> {
-    const source = this.sources.get(sourceId);
-    if (!source) throw new Error(`Unknown usage source: ${sourceId}`);
-    const hash = createHash("sha256").update(JSON.stringify(input)).digest("hex");
-    const key = `${sourceId}:${hash}`;
-    const cached = this.cache.get(key);
-    if (!options.forceRefresh && cached && this.now() - cached.at < this.ttlMs)
+  private fetchId(id: string, forceRefresh = false): Promise<UsageReportEntry> {
+    const known = this.known.get(id);
+    const cached = this.cache.get(id);
+    if (!known) return Promise.resolve(cached!.entry);
+    if (!forceRefresh && cached && this.now() - cached.at < this.ttlMs)
       return Promise.resolve(cached.entry);
-    const pending = this.pending.get(key);
+    const pending = this.pending.get(id);
     if (pending) return pending;
     const request = (async () => {
       let entry: UsageReportEntry;
       try {
-        const report = UsageReportSchema.parse(await source.fetch(input));
-        entry = { sourceId, sourceLabel: source.label, icon: source.icon, report };
+        const report = UsageReportSchema.parse(await known.source.fetch(known.input));
+        entry = {
+          id,
+          sourceId: known.source.id,
+          sourceLabel: known.source.label,
+          icon: known.source.icon,
+          account: { label: known.label },
+          fetchedAt: new Date(this.now()).toISOString(),
+          report,
+        };
       } catch (error) {
-        entry = this.errorEntry(source, error, hash);
+        entry = this.errorEntry(known.source, id, error, known.label);
       }
-      const now = this.now();
-      for (const [cachedKey, stored] of this.cache) {
-        if (now - stored.at >= this.ttlMs) this.cache.delete(cachedKey);
-      }
-      this.cache.set(key, { at: now, entry });
+      this.cache.set(id, { at: this.now(), entry });
       return entry;
     })();
-    this.pending.set(key, request);
+    this.pending.set(id, request);
     void request.finally(() => {
-      if (this.pending.get(key) === request) this.pending.delete(key);
+      if (this.pending.get(id) === request) this.pending.delete(id);
     });
     return request;
   }
 
-  private errorEntry(source: UsageSource, error: unknown, key = source.id): UsageReportEntry {
+  private errorEntry(
+    source: UsageSource,
+    id: string,
+    error: unknown,
+    label?: string,
+    fetchedAt = new Date(this.now()).toISOString(),
+  ): UsageReportEntry {
     return {
+      id,
       sourceId: source.id,
       sourceLabel: source.label,
       icon: source.icon,
+      account: { label },
+      fetchedAt,
       report: {
-        account: { key },
         status: "error",
         windows: [],
         error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
diff --git a/packages/server/src/server/session.ts b/packages/server/src/server/session.ts
index 5549ecde69..f83040c8c9 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/server/session.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/server/session.ts
@@ -513,12 +513,10 @@ export interface SessionOptions {
     invokePluginRpc(pluginId: string, method: string, input: unknown): Promise<unknown>;
     listUsageReports(options?: {
       forceRefresh?: boolean;
+      reportIds?: string[];
       references?: UsageReference[];
     }): Promise<UsageReportEntry[]>;
-    fetchUsageReference(
-      reference: UsageReference,
-      options?: { forceRefresh?: boolean },
-    ): Promise<UsageReportEntry | null>;
+    resolveUsageReference(reference: UsageReference): Promise<string | null>;
     listLegacyUsage(): Promise<{ fetchedAt: string; providers: ProviderUsage[] }>;
   };
   orchestrationSkills?: import("./orchestration-skills/index.js").OrchestrationSkills;
@@ -3018,8 +3016,8 @@ export class Session {
         return this.usageSession.handleLegacyList(msg);
       case "usage.list_reports.request":
         return this.usageSession.handleListReports(msg);
-      case "agent.get_usage_report.request":
-        return this.usageSession.handleGetAgentReport(msg);
+      case "agent.resolve_usage_report.request":
+        return this.usageSession.handleResolveAgentReport(msg);
       default:
         return undefined;
     }
diff --git a/packages/server/src/server/session/usage/usage-session.test.ts b/packages/server/src/server/session/usage/usage-session.test.ts
index a7583cea90..7914af3872 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/server/session/usage/usage-session.test.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/server/session/usage/usage-session.test.ts
@@ -14,9 +14,12 @@ test("collects live references for usage reports and resolves an agent report",
     } as AgentSession,
   };
   const entry = {
+    id: "fixture:one",
+    account: {},
+    fetchedAt: "2026-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
     sourceId: "fixture",
     sourceLabel: "Fixture",
-    report: { account: { key: "one" }, status: "available" as const, windows: [] },
+    report: { status: "available" as const, windows: [] },
   };
   const usage = new UsageSession({
     emit: (message) => emitted.push(message),
@@ -27,9 +30,9 @@ test("collects live references for usage reports and resolves an agent report",
         references.push(options.references);
         return [entry];
       },
-      async fetchUsageReference(value) {
+      async resolveUsageReference(value) {
         references.push(value);
-        return entry;
+        return entry.id;
       },
       async listLegacyUsage() {
         return { fetchedAt: "2026-01-01T00:00:00.000Z", providers: [] };
@@ -39,15 +42,15 @@ test("collects live references for usage reports and resolves an agent report",
   });
 
   await usage.handleListReports({ type: "usage.list_reports.request", requestId: "list" });
-  await usage.handleGetAgentReport({
-    type: "agent.get_usage_report.request",
+  await usage.handleResolveAgentReport({
+    type: "agent.resolve_usage_report.request",
     requestId: "one",
     agentId: "one",
   });
   expect(references).toEqual([[reference], reference]);
   expect(emitted.map((message) => message.type)).toEqual([
     "usage.list_reports.response",
-    "agent.get_usage_report.response",
+    "agent.resolve_usage_report.response",
   ]);
 });
 
@@ -61,7 +64,7 @@ test("surfaces a legacy usage-list failure as an rpc_error envelope", async () =
       async listUsageReports() {
         return [];
       },
-      async fetchUsageReference() {
+      async resolveUsageReference() {
         return null;
       },
       async listLegacyUsage(): Promise<never> {
@@ -76,3 +79,24 @@ test("surfaces a legacy usage-list failure as an rpc_error envelope", async () =
     payload: { requestId: "u1", code: "provider_usage_list_failed" },
   });
 });
+
+test("unknown agent returns agent_not_found", async () => {
+  const emitted: SessionOutboundMessage[] = [];
+  const usage = new UsageSession({
+    emit: (message) => emitted.push(message),
+    listAgents: () => [],
+    getAgent: () => null,
+    runtime: {
+      listUsageReports: async () => [],
+      resolveUsageReference: async () => null,
+      listLegacyUsage: async () => ({ fetchedAt: "", providers: [] }),
+    },
+    logger: pino({ level: "silent" }),
+  });
+  await usage.handleResolveAgentReport({
+    type: "agent.resolve_usage_report.request",
+    requestId: "missing",
+    agentId: "missing",
+  });
+  expect(emitted[0]).toMatchObject({ type: "rpc_error", payload: { code: "agent_not_found" } });
+});
diff --git a/packages/server/src/server/session/usage/usage-session.ts b/packages/server/src/server/session/usage/usage-session.ts
index 49ba32455d..6665a7454f 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/server/session/usage/usage-session.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/server/session/usage/usage-session.ts
@@ -14,12 +14,10 @@ export interface UsageSessionOptions {
   runtime?: {
     listUsageReports(options: {
       forceRefresh?: boolean;
+      reportIds?: string[];
       references: UsageReference[];
     }): Promise<UsageReportEntry[]>;
-    fetchUsageReference(
-      reference: UsageReference,
-      options: { forceRefresh?: boolean },
-    ): Promise<UsageReportEntry | null>;
+    resolveUsageReference(reference: UsageReference): Promise<string | null>;
     listLegacyUsage(): Promise<{ fetchedAt: string; providers: ProviderUsage[] }>;
   };
   logger: pino.Logger;
@@ -33,15 +31,21 @@ export class UsageSession {
   ): Promise<void> {
     try {
       if (!this.options.runtime) throw new Error("Plugin runtime is unavailable");
-      const references = (
-        await Promise.all(
-          this.options
-            .listAgents()
-            .map(async (agent) => agent.session?.getUsageReference?.().catch(() => null) ?? null),
-        )
-      ).filter((reference): reference is UsageReference => reference !== null);
+      const references =
+        msg.reportIds === undefined
+          ? (
+              await Promise.all(
+                this.options
+                  .listAgents()
+                  .map(
+                    async (agent) => agent.session?.getUsageReference?.().catch(() => null) ?? null,
+                  ),
+              )
+            ).filter((reference): reference is UsageReference => reference !== null)
+          : [];
       const reports = await this.options.runtime.listUsageReports({
         forceRefresh: msg.forceRefresh,
+        reportIds: msg.reportIds,
         references,
       });
       this.options.emit({
@@ -53,24 +57,26 @@ export class UsageSession {
     }
   }
 
-  async handleGetAgentReport(
-    msg: Extract<SessionInboundMessage, { type: "agent.get_usage_report.request" }>,
+  async handleResolveAgentReport(
+    msg: Extract<SessionInboundMessage, { type: "agent.resolve_usage_report.request" }>,
   ): Promise<void> {
     try {
       if (!this.options.runtime) throw new Error("Plugin runtime is unavailable");
-      const reference =
-        (await this.options.getAgent(msg.agentId)?.session?.getUsageReference?.()) ?? null;
-      const entry = reference
-        ? await this.options.runtime.fetchUsageReference(reference, {
-            forceRefresh: msg.forceRefresh,
-          })
+      const agent = this.options.getAgent(msg.agentId);
+      if (!agent) {
+        this.emitError(msg, new Error(`Agent not found: ${msg.agentId}`), "agent_not_found");
+        return;
+      }
+      const reference = (await agent.session?.getUsageReference?.()) ?? null;
+      const reportId = reference
+        ? await this.options.runtime.resolveUsageReference(reference)
         : null;
       this.options.emit({
-        type: "agent.get_usage_report.response",
-        payload: { requestId: msg.requestId, entry },
+        type: "agent.resolve_usage_report.response",
+        payload: { requestId: msg.requestId, reportId },
       });
     } catch (error) {
-      this.emitError(msg, error, "agent_get_usage_report_failed");
+      this.emitError(msg, error, "agent_resolve_usage_report_failed");
     }
   }
 
@@ -107,7 +113,7 @@ export class UsageSession {
   private emitError(
     msg: Extract<
       SessionInboundMessage,
-      { type: "usage.list_reports.request" | "agent.get_usage_report.request" }
+      { type: "usage.list_reports.request" | "agent.resolve_usage_report.request" }
     >,
     error: unknown,
     code: string,